• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

Introduction : A positive thinking has been known to affect the enhancement of performance. One of temperament characters, harm avoidance is thought to be associated with anxiety related behaviors. Golfer showed highest anxiety and lowest score of harm avoidance, compared to any other sports. We hypothesized that positive feedback and reinforcement in golfer would decrease the anxiety and improve the performance. Methods : Fifty one golfers with the age from 15 to 19 were classified into two groups; 25 golfers who used Zinsser's Changing Negative thoughts to Positive thoughts and Beswick's positive self talk when exercise and competition (P-FB) and 26 golfers who had not (controls). Harm avoidance, Spielberg's Trait and State Anxiety, and Golf scores has been assessed at baseline and 6 months later. Results : There was no significant difference in baseline harm avoidance, anxiety, and golf scores between P-FB and controls. The total golf scores in both groups have improved after 6 month later. However, P-FB group showed greater improvement of total scores and putting scores, compared to controls. The state anxiety in PFB group has been decreased, while there was no change in controls. The change in the state anxiety was correlated with harm avoidance and the change in total golf scores. Discussions : The positive thinking has enhanced performance and state anxiety. The improvement of performance and anxiety in golfers was associated with high harm avoidance. The current study showed that the regulation of anxiety with positive thinking was helpful to the performance enhancement in subject with high harm avoidance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2023

Purpose: Suicide ranks among the top causes of death among youth in South Korea. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of suicidal individuals treated at emergency departments between 2011 and 2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from January 2011 to December 2020 in the Injury Surveillance Cohort, a prospective registry. Patients' sex, age, mortality, methods of self-harm, and previous suicide attempts were analyzed. The methods of self-harm were categorized into falls, asphyxiation, blunt injuries, penetrating injuries, poisoning, and others. Sub-groups with and without poisoning were compared. Results: The proportion of self-harm/suicide attempts increased from 2.3% (2011) to 5.0% (2020). The mortality rate decreased from 10.8% (2011) to 6.3% (2020). Poisoning was the most common method (61.7%). Mortality rates ranged from 42.0% for asphyxiation to 0.2% for blunt injuries. Individuals in their 20s showed a marked increase in suicide/self-harm attempts, especially in the last three years. A large proportion of decedents in their 70s or older (52.6%) used poisoning as a method of suicide. The percentage of individuals with two or more previous attempts rose from 7.1% (2011) to 19.7% (2020). The death rates by poisoning decreased from 7.7% (2011) to 2.5% (2020). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and suicide prevention policies. Managing and reducing suicide and self-harm in emergency settings will require a focus on poisoning, the 10-29 age group, and the elderly. This paper will be valuable for future policies aiming to reduce the societal burden of suicide and self-harm.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2018

This study was conducted to analyze factors Influencing Protective Behavior against Radiation Exposure using questionnaires for 231 radiological technologists working in Computed Tomography(CT) examination room with high radiation dose in diagnostic radiology field. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed that the reasons for partially shielding the examination part in the CT scan were the lack of protective equipment, securing of radiation justification, being annoying and maybe not being harm to adults in order. It was also revealed that the variables influencing the protective behavior were protective behavior against radiation harm, self-efficacy, protective environment, organization culture, protective knowledge and protective instrument in order. The higher the radiological protective environment(${\beta}=0.245$) and the lower the radiological protective knowledge(${\beta}=-0.034$), the more influential the protective behavior against radiation harm was. In this study, it was shown that non examination parts were not shielded in the CT scan. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the level of protective environment, to cultivate knowledge to improve the protective behavior against radiation harm and to have an intervention strategy for concrete action.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2003

Objective : Studies have suggested that beer is associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate how types of alcoholic beverage are related to high risk acute harm. Methods : Data from the 1997 Korea's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey, collected through telephone questionings, were analyzed based on multi-stage stratified random sampling(N=1,045). Among those who had drunk at least one type of alcoholic beverage in the last month, one episode where the drinker had consumed the highest level of ethanol was selected, and the alcohol consumption per drinking day categorized into four risk levels of short-term, 'acute' harm, according to the WHO guidelines. Employing ordered logistic regression analyses, as the explanatory variables, types of alcoholic beverage, with and without socioeconomic characteristics, were considered. Results : Spirits and soju were more than ten and three times, respectively, more likely than beer, while makkolli and wine were almost as likely as beer, to involve high risk drinking, irrespective of controlling for the socioeconomic characteristics. Conclusions : Unlike most Western countries, in Korea, beer, rather than spirits or soju, is generally less likely to be associated with high risk drinking for acute harm, The influence of beverage types on high risk drinking for acute harm appears to vary between countries.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.209-227
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• 2006

This paper analyse current interpretation of the "causal link" that in particular, focuses principally on the so-called "non-attribution" requirement of Article 4.2(b) of the Safeguards Agreement. The safeguard measures are justified as a temporary economic adjustment to harm that is caused by an increase in imports. The problem with this justification is that there are other kinds of economic forces that may injure domestic industries, such as changes in consumer tastes, government spending or a lack thereof, and economic downturns. These problems do not justify government-imposed remedies. When factors therefore other than increased imports are causing injury to the domestic industry at the same time, such injury shall not be attributed to increased imports. The Appellate Body stressed that a contribution of third-party imports to the existence of serious injury must be sufficiently clear as to establish the existence of the causal link required, it found that Article 4.2(b) does not suggest that increased imports be the sole cause of the serious injury, or that other factors causing injury must be excluded from the determination of serious injury. The interest in separation is to ensure that a measure is not applied to remedy harm not caused by imports, but this basic point assumes that the harm is distinguishable in the first place. It also assumes that the safeguard is designed to respond to harm caused by imports. In fact safeguards were never intended to respond to this kind of unfair trade, but rather to provide whatever emergency relief might assist an ailing domestic industry if imports happened to be a part of that injury. The Appellate Body's insistence in breaking cause and effect down to minutia in the non-attribution analysis seems to be so overly intricate that it conflicts with it's broader focus on evaluating factors that effect harm on the industry as a whole.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.411-419
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• 2022

The aim of this research was to verify the mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and distress tolerance on the relationship between harm avoidance and depression. A total of 403 university students completed TCI-RS(Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short version), AEQ-K(Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire-Korean), DTS (Distress Tolerance Scale) and CES-D(The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). The results revealed that harm avoidance and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness were positively related with depression, and negatively related with distress tolerance. In addition, the relationship of harm avoidance and depression was successively mediated by ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and distress tolerance. That is, the motivation of emotional expression conflict may have an effect on depression and the distress tolerance would play an important role in therapeutic intervention of depression.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2010

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is the act of deliberately harming your own body, such as cutting or burning yourself, without suicidal intent. It has especially become a problem among adolescents and college-age students in institutional settings such as boarding schools, Greek houses, detention centers and hospitals. We focus on contagion of DSH among adolescents and young adults by creating a deterministic epidemiological model. We study the impact of actual peer pressure, virtual peer pressure (the Internet) and treatment analytically in terms of a basic reproduction number through stability analysis of a system of ordinary differential equations. All parameters are approximated and results are also explored by simulations. The model shows that DSH is present in an endemic state in the population considered, and the control strategies are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.147-170
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• 2023

This study explored keywords and key topics by collecting posts related to 'self-Iinjury' and 'suicide' through Twitter. The study subjects were selected as posts containing related hashtags related to self-injury and suicide from October 29, 2019 to November 30, 2020. Text mining based on collected posts resulted in a total of 11 key topics: -6 related to 'self-Iinjury' and 5 related to 'suicide'. The main message in the topic is as follows. First, looking at the main messages contained in the topic, they honestly expressed self-harm and suicide experiences that are difficult to express offline online, and used SNS as a channelpath for requesting help requests. Second, there were common and discriminatory characteristics in posts related to 'self-Iinjury' and 'suicide'. Although topics related to 'self-Iinjury' mainly revealed emotional control and interpersonal functions of self-harm, messages related to 'suicide' showed more clearly messages about suicide prevention addressing and social problems. These results are meaningful in that they can understand the opinions of people who have experienced self-harm and suicide accidents and the public voice on self-harm and suicide-related issues could be better understood, and that this study seeks for effective self-harm and suicide prevention and intervention measures for self-harm and suicide issues.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.271-273
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• 2015

Quaternary prevention should be implemented to minimize harm to patients because the ultimate goal of medicine is to prevent disease and promote health. Primary care physicians have a major responsibility in quaternary prevention, and the establishment of clinical epidemiology as a distinct field of study would create a role charged with minimizing patient harm arising from over-medicalization.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Purpose is to systematically examine the factors related to patient safety nursing of nursing university students in a convergent and complex aspect and to identify the effect size through meta-analysis. The research method used PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Medline, Embases, CINAHL, DBpia, Research Information Service System (Riss), and Korean Studies Information Service (Kiss) were used, while overseas databases were searched using MeSH terms and Emtrees. The search term was [(patient safety or patient harm or safety management) and (students, nursing)] or [(patient safety or patient harm or safety management) and (education, nursing, graduate)].The research found that nursing performance, knowledge, attitude, self-confidence, recognition, and cognition were found to be relevant factors in the order of confidence, attitude, recognition, and knowledge.