• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a hand massage program on anxiety and immune function in patients during cataract surgery. The hand massage program, in this study, consisted of hand massage and hand-holding. The subjects were sixty-three patients, thirty for the experimental and thirty-three for the control group, who were admitted at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for cataract surgery. This study was carried out from December 10, 1997 to February 26, 1998. The level of anxiety as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before, after hand massage, and after hand-holding. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, blood sugar levels, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and natural killer cell percentages also were measured before hand massage and five minutes before the end of the operation. Data were analyzed by t-tests, ANCOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The results were as follows : 1) After hand massage, psychological anxiety levels decreased significantly compared with before hand massage in the experimental group, not in the control group. After hand holding, there were significant decrease in both groups. 2) There were not significant differences on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rates in both groups. 3) The hand massage program decreased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol significantly in the experimental group, and increased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in the control group. 4) There were no differences in blood sugar levels, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages in white blood cells after the hand massage program. However, natural killer cells in lymphocytes were significantly increased in the experimental group. These findings indicate that a hand massage program could be a effective nursing intervention in decreasing the psychological and physiological anxiety levels and improving immune function in clients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate hand washing awareness of females and load of indicator bacteria on their hands. This study focused on the variation according to their age. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey and bacterial analysis of indicator bacteria were carried out for 100 Korean women in their age from 20 s to 60 s. Hand samples were collected through a modified glovejuice method. Results: In the survey, significant difference (p < 0.05) was found among the age groups in the use of hand washing agents. The levels of aerobic colony count (ACC) were the highest in both hands among the 20s (p < 0.05). The levels of Escherichia coli were higher in both hands in their 20s and 30s. No significant difference was found in the levels of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. However, the positive rates of S. aureus (left hand, 37.5~47.1%; right hand, 58.5~62.5%) and Salmonella spp. (left hand, 25.0~52.9%; right hand, 37.5~64.7%) were higher in the hands of the 20s and 30s, and then showed decreasing trend according to increase of age. The effect of hand washing frequency on the ACC level of hands was significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results indicate that there was no remarkable difference of hand hygiene awareness among female age groups. The detection of S. aureus and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some females in each age group revealed poor hand hygiene practices. The significant effect of hand washing frequency on the ACC level suggests that frequent hand washing is helpful to reduce hand contamination.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Purpose : The easiest and most cost-effective way to prevent medical-related infections is known as proper hand washing of health care workers. The experience of MERS in domestic medical institutions has increased the importance of hand hygiene for medical workers to prevent infections in hospitals. It is necessary to investigate the level of hand hygiene practice by type of medical institutions and the factors influencing the infection prevention. Methods : Domestic and overseas hand hygiene related business cases and literature data were collected and analyzed in order to investigate the hand hygiene status of medical institutions in Korea. Result : As a result of hand hygiene monitoring of all hospital-level medical institutions in 2016, the total number of observations was 24,328 and the hand hygiene performance rate was 75.9%. The hand hygiene performance rate of hospitals was 71.5% for general hospitals, 75% for general hospitals, and 81.3% for hospitals. Implications : In general hospitals and hospitals, the HR(Hand Rubbing) method is preferred as a way of performing hand hygiene, whereas the HW(Hand Washing) method is relatively high in the small hospitals. It is estimated that the HW system is preferred because of the cost burden at the hospital medical institution. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate the related expenses to improve the hand hygiene performance of the physicians who are engaged in the hospitals.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1770-1776
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• 2021

For hand expression recognition, hand pose recognition based on the static shape of the hand and hand gesture recognition based on hand movement are used together. In this paper, we proposed a hand expression recognition method that recognizes symbols based on the trajectory of a hand movement on a virtual blackboard. In order to recognize a sign drawn by hand on a virtual blackboard, not only a method of recognizing a sign from a hand movement, but also hand pose recognition for finding the start and end of data input is also required. In this paper, MediaPipe was used to recognize hand pose, and LSTM(Long Short Term Memory), a type of recurrent neural network, was used to recognize hand gesture from time series data. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, it was applied to the recognition of numbers written on a virtual blackboard, and a recognition rate of about 94% was obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status and motives of buying second-hand clothing among university students and to suggest a plan to activate second-hand clothing transactions. In order to discover the effect of the buying motives on the purchasing of second-hand clothing, 112 university students who have purchased second-hand clothing over the past six months were surveyed and their responses were used for analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that design differentiation, habitual use, and economical factors had a meaningful effect on the purchase of second-hand clothes. Second-hand clothes have a positive environmental perception, but that perception did not impact the purchasing of second-hand clothes. It is necessary to raise the awareness and social movement around second-hand clothing and teach consumers the environmental benefits and sustainability of second-hand clothing. An activation plan for the second-hand clothing market is: 1. Proposes various market subdivisions that meet the characteristics and tastes of consumers that lead to the purchase of used clothing. In this study, two economic factors were found among the buying motives. The first is purchasing second-hand clothing at a very low price, and the second is finding luxurious expensive items or unique values at a lower price. Therefore, it is necessary to find various markets segments that suit consumer tastes by checking consumer characteristics and detailed factors. 2. Nurture second-hand clothing processing brands for the diversification of the second-hand clothing market. 3. There is an urgent need for quality classification, quality assurance, and the standardization of second-hand clothing. This study is meaningful in that it explored the possibility of having a positive effect on activating the second-hand clothing market.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.395-407
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• 2000

It is necessary to develop method that human and computer can interfact by the hand gesture without any special device. In this thesis, the real time hand gesture recognition was developed. The system segments the region of a hand recognizes the hand posture and track the movement of the hand, using computer vision. And it does not use the blue screen as a background, the data glove and special markers for the recognition of the hand gesture.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2006

This paper proposes a advanced representation method of hand motion by cheremes analysis in korean sign language. The proposed method is the representation method which apply to the hand motion used in KSL(Korean Sign Language) to represent rich and united hand motion. Words or sentences in KSL are completed by combination of elements called as Cheremes, that is, a hand movement orientation, a finger shape, a hand position, etc. In this paper, Cheremes composing the KSL is divided and represented by 5 elements: the hand movement orientation(HMO), finger shape(FS), hand orientation(HO), hand position(HP) and number of using hand (HN). Each cheremes is expressed by more various characteristics. For example, The hand movement orientation means orientations which the hand move while the sign language is done and can be expressed by 17orientation components. The finger shape means various shapes which fingers can take and represented by 17 components. The Orientation of hand is expressed by 2 characteristics according to whether we use the palm of the hand or the back. The position of hand means specific regions in body which hand(s) is placed while the sign language is done and divided by 8 regions. Finally, the number of hand means whether use only one hand or both hands and is expressed by 2 characteristics. The proposed method has been tested with KSL words and sentences and the results have shown that they can be expressed completely by the proposed representation method.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.278-287
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide with basic information on application of hand acupuncture as a complementary and alternative therapy by giving some recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture. And so, answers for questionnaires of 290 respondents were used for this research and collected from June 5 through 13, 1999 from adults twenty and over who were participating in the hand acupuncture training program in Seoul and had some direct experiences with hand acupuncture therapy, whatever they had been treated and/or had treated. To secure reliability of measurement tool. Cronbach'a has been calculated and Factor Analysis was done as Validity Analysis of question classification. Demograprucal characteristics of hand acupuncture experienced people and factors related to hand acupuncture experiences are calculated based on the real number and percentage. The degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture is made as average and standard deviation, while the degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness based on general characteristics come from one-way ANOVA. 1. According to socio-demographical analysis. the questioned could be classified firstly as age (40-49 : 32.5%. 30-39 : 24.9%. 50-59 : 21.9%. 60-69 : 14.7%. 20-29 : 6.0%). secondly gender (male 36.6%. female 63.4%). thirdly occupation (housewife: 43.8%. self-employed: 15.5%. company-employee: 14.8%). fourthly education (high school graduate: 41.9%, college graduate: 37.9%), and lastly monthly-income (1 to 2 million: 51.4%. 2 to 3 million: 20,3%) 2, As for the general aspects related to hand acupuncture. 80,0% of the respondents answered almost zero for the monthly average number of visit to hospital and 15.5% responded 1 to 2 visits, 6,2% of the respondents is complaining of a disorder of digestive system. 19,0% circulatory disease, 10.7% bad nervous system. By utilizing hand acupuncture, 84% of the questioned have following experiences in curing diseases: digestive system 47.3%, circulatory system 9.3%, nervous system 8.3%, 54,1% are curing 1 to 2 and 10.3% 3 to 4 patients on a daily basis with hand acupuncture. Research on the demerits of giving medical treatment with hand acupuncture shows 23,8% are feeling economic burden. 16.6% difficulty of learning and 16.2% weak theoretical backgrounds. 3. Among the efficiency recognition, possibility of general application is average 4,29 and simple treatment is 4,19. economic merits 4.36. possibility of establishment with supplementary and alternative medicine 4.17, medical effectiveness 4.09. 4, As a result of demographical analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy, it appears that the recognition of efficiency based on occupation and the recognition of effectiveness based on monthly income are most significant to be noticed. In an orderly fashion. government-employee, self-employed, company-employee. and then housewife have perceived hand acupuncture very efficiently, And those who recognize hand acupuncture to be most effective are people earn 1 million to 2 million won a month, 5. The efficiency(p = .003) and effectiveness (p= .049) of hand acupuncture therapy by number of visit to hospital were statiscally significant, and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy by disease exist was statiscally significant (p= .033).

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.473-482
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• 2017

Hand gesture recognition is regarded as new Human Computer Interaction (HCI) technologies for the next generation of mobile devices. Previous hand gesture implementation requires a large memory and computation power for hand segmentation, which fails to give real-time interaction with mobile devices to users. Therefore, in this paper, we presents a low latency and memory-efficient hand segmentation architecture for natural hand gesture recognition. To obtain both high memory-efficiency and low latency, we propose a streaming hand contour tracing unit and a fast contour filling unit. As a result, it achieves 7.14 ms latency with only 34.8 KB on-chip memory, which are 1.65 times less latency and 1.68 times less on-chip memory, respectively, compare to the best-in-class.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.594-597
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• 1995

A hand controller in teleoperation is a man-machine interface device that provides real-time interaction between a human operator at control site and a slave manipulator at remote site. In this paper, we examine the design issure related to various types of hand controllers in use. Emphasis is placed on bilateral hand controllers and their design parameters. We describe the design of a new 6 degree-of-freedom universal force-reflecting hand controller to control a remote Schilling Titan manipulator. This hand controller allows the operstor to maintain spatial corresponence in remote manipulative operation and fell a sense of contact with the environment. Finally, we demonstrate the graphic simulation of the hand controller to verify its design characteristics.