• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2014

본 논문에서는, 이중대역 안테나를 가진, 인체 거치용 단말장치 모사구조의 HAC(보청기 EMC) 지수가 실재환경으로부터 받는 영향에 대한 관찰이 이뤄진다. 첫째, 부착형 이동통신 장치에 필수적인 인접 구조를 고려한 이중대역 내장형 안테나가 설계된다. 이 설계는 모사구조의 제작을 통해 실제의 모습을 갖춘다. 둘째, 이 장치의 HAC 지수는 손에 부착하기 전과 후에 대해 모의시험 및 측정을 통해 얻어진다. 특히, 실재 장치의 전자장 모의시험 결과는 표준 측정법에 의해 타당성이 확인된다. 마지막으로, HAC 기주는 대역, 실장환경, 손(인체) 효과의 관점에서 분석된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.875-885
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• 2022

This study was performed to confirm the optimal extraction method for antimicrobial peptides from the Hard-shelled mussel. Extractions were performed with two processes including 1% HAc/boiling and 1% HAc/non-boiling methods and used extracts for the comparison of the antimicrobial activity, protease stability, action mechanism, AU-PAGE (acid-urea PAGE), and HPLC chromatograms. 1% HAc/boiling extract showed potent antibacterial activities both against Gram-positive and negative bacterium but 1% HAc/non-boiling extract showed antibacterial activity only against Gram-positive bacteria. Treatment of 1% HAc/boiling extract with proteases retained almost antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, but abolished significant antibacterial activity against E. coli D31. Only 1% HAc/boiling extract showed two discrete clearing antibacterial zones including slow migrating and rapid migrating zones. Both extracts showed strong DNA-binding ability but did not show bacterial membrane permeabilizing ability. In comparison of the chromatogram obtained from C₁₈ or cation-exchange HPLC, the eluted peaks from 1% HAc/boiling extract showed high hydrophobic property or absorbance compared to 1% HAc/non-boiling extract, respectively. The concentration of the purified antimicrobial peptide was also higher in 1% HAc/boiling extract than in 1% HAc/non-boiling extract. Our results suggest that the effective extraction condition for antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrate is boiling process in a weak acetic acid solution (1%).

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2002

하수슬러지의 발생량 감소와 BNR공정의 외부탄소원 개발에 대한 해결방안으로 1차슬러지의 산발효가 연구되었다. 기존 혐기성 소화조를 활용한다는 측면에서 반응조의 형상, 온도, pH와 같은 환경인자는 변화시키지 않았고, HRT변화에 따른 가수분해율, 산생성율 및 환경인자의 특성변화를 검토하였다. 평균 가수분해율은 HRT가 3일과 1.5일 일때, 각각 0.0309., $0.0204mgSCOD_{prod.}/mgICOD_{inf.}$였다. 평균 산생성율은 HRT 3일에서 0.0068mg HAc/mg $TCOD_{inf.}$, 0.0652mgHAc/mg $VSS_{destroyed}$였다. HRT 1.5일에서 평균 산생성율은 0.0060mg HAc/mg $TCOD_{inf.}$, 0.0346mgHAc/mg $VSS_{destroyed}$였다. 실험기간 동안 알칼리도와 pH는 인위적인 조절없이 적정하게 유지되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2024

This study screened the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of three extracts [1% acetic acid (HAc), distilled water (D.W.), and ethanol] from the common stalked barnacle Pollicipes mitella. Among the extracts, the 1% HAc extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against several bacteria, but exhibited no activity against Candida albicans. To improve the degree of separation of the 1% HAc extract, solid-phase extraction was performed using a C18 cartridge with three solvents (D.W., 60A, and 100A). The 1% HAc 60A eluate showed the strongest antibacterial activity and enzyme, salt, and temperature stability, with no hemolytic activity. In addition, strong DNA-binding ability but no bacterial membrane permeability was observed. These results indicate that the P. mitella 1% HAc 60A eluate may contain antibacterial organic compounds that target intracellular components but not bacterial membranes. In addition, the 1% HAc 60A eluate exhibited potent inhibitory activity to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E₂) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) with no cytotoxicity. Therefore, the P. mitella 1% HAc 60A eluate has anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, our results suggest that the P. mitella 1% HAc 60A eluate can be used as a bioactive source with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.376-380
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• 2009

The transmission noise characteristics through the ventilating duct was conducted numerically using SYSNOISE. A ventilating system is usually composed of mufflers for preventing noise transmission from the ventilator into indoors through the ducts and distributors for transferring air to or from each room. The transmitted noise characteristics of distributors which have different branch angles and of mufflers having different shapes were analyzed numerically. New duct element combining a muffler and a T-shaped distributor was developed for better noise reduction in this paper. New element's performance was shown numerically.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.840-845
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to propose a standard for differentiation between normal dogs and patients with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) by measuring skin thickness via ultrasonography in small breed dogs. Significant changes in skin thickness of patients treated with prednisolone (PDS) or patients with HAC treated with trilostane were evaluated. Skin thickness was retrospectively measured on three abdominal digital images obtained from small breed dogs weighing < 15 kg that underwent abdominal ultrasonography. Mean skin thickness of normal dogs was $1.03{\pm}0.25mm$ (mean ${\pm}$ SD). Both the HAC and PDS groups showed significantly thinner skin than that in the normal group. Seven of the 10 HAC patients treated with trilostane had increased skin thickness. The area under the curve value of 0.807 was based on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for differentiating normal dogs from HAC patients. Sensitivity was 76% and specificity was 73% when skin thickness was less than the 0.83 mm cutoff value. In conclusion, measurement of skin thickness in small breed dogs by using ultrasonography is likely to provide clinical information useful in differentiating HAC patients from normal dogs. However, exposure to PDS, trilostane, and other conditions may have a significant effect on skin thickness.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.642-650
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• 2006

As an effective non-pharmacological method of pain relief, hydrotherapy was widely used. And bath additive has been used for enhancing the efficacy of hydrotherapy, In the present study, as a bath additive, the analgesic activity of HAC, which composed of Corydalis turtschaninovii, Atractylodes japonica, and Harpagophytum procumbens(HAC), was investigated in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VIPAG), lateral PAG (IPAG), central nuclei of amygdala (CeA), and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in mice, using writhing test and immunohistochemistry for c-Fos. Male C57BU6 mice weighing $25{\;}{\pm}{\;}2g$ (8 weeks of age) were used for this experiment. The animals were divided into five groups: the control group, the acetic acid treatment group, the acetic acid treatment and 0.01 g/L HAC-immersed group, the acetic acid treatment and 0.1 g/L HAC-immersed group, and the acetic acid treatment and 1.0 g/L HAC-immersed group. To induce somato-visceral pain in the experimental animals, a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid was administrated to each animal, and the animals of the control group received injections of equivalent doses of normal saline. The animals of the HAC-immersed groups were immersed the water with HAC powder at the respective doses deep enough to cover the mice body, and those of the control group and the acetic acid treatment group immersed the water without HAC powder at 10 min immediately after the acetic acid injection. Our present study has shown that the HAC reduced the acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and the acetic acid-Induced increase of numbers of c-Fos-positive cells in the VIPAG, IPAG, PVN, and CeA. The most potent analgesic effect appeared with the treatment of 1.0 g/L KB-immersed group. Based on our present results, it is very possible that HAC can be a potent therapeutic bath additive for alleviating pain without the fear of addiction to the drugs and side-effects associated with the prescription of multiple analgesic drugs.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2009

Herba Artemisiae Capillaris is the dried bud of Artemisia capillaris Thunb, which has been used for expelling heat to loosen the bowels and normalizing gallbladder function to cure jaundice in traditional oriental medicines. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extracts of Herba Artemisiae Capillaris (HAC) in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS 1 h before adding HAC extract. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and the relative level of NO was measured with Griess reagent. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 cytokines were detected by ELISA. During the entire experimental period, all three doses of HAC extract (0.03, 0.10 and 0.30 mg/ml) had no significant cytotoxicity. LPS-activated cells showed increased NO levels and iNOS expressions compared to control. However, these increases were dramatically attenuated by treatment with HAC extract. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of HAC extract occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HAC extract reduced the translocation of $NF{\kappa}B$ into nuclear. HAC reduced production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 by LPS, although it had no effects on TNF-$\alpha$. These results demonstrate that liquiritigenin exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which results from the inhibition of $NF{\kappa}B$ activation in macrophages, thereby decreasing production of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results indicate that the aqueous extracts of Herba Artemisiae Capillaris warrant further development as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to investigate loading rate of influent for acidogenic fermentation. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted, at $35^{\circ}C$, HRT 18hr, pH 6 and used 3.5L reactor. Loading rate of influent was varied 2.0 to 4.0g VSS/L, TOA concentration is decreased according to increasing loading rate Over 2.5g VSS/L. When loading rate is 2.0g VSS/L, hydrolysis percentage show the maximum value of 87%. Most of SCFA is consist of HAc, HPr, I-HBu and MBu. HAc concentration is 5,233mg/L in the 2.0g VSS/L condition. So, for this study, we think that limiting loading rate is 2.5g VSS/L. SCFA species was investigated to HAc, HPr, I-HBu and n-HBu during our studying. HAc/SCFA ratio is about 89.3%, SCFA production rate is highest to $1,104mg\;COD/L/d{\cdot}gPCOD$ for 2.0g VSS/L loading rate.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is a common endocrinopathy among dogs that causes multisystemic signs. This study was conducted to evaluate cardiocirculatory, biochemical, and hemostatic parameters in dogs with HAC at diagnosis, in addition to verifying whether abnormal parameters could be controlled by initial treatment with trilostane. Fifteen dogs with HAC were assessed by systolic blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, serum concentration of troponin I, and biochemical and hemostatic profile at diagnosis and after trilostane therapy. Unlike biochemical parameters, hemostatic and cardiocirculatory parameters were not significantly influenced by the onset of treatment. The authors believe that clinical treatment with trilostane for 3 to 4 months might not be sufficient for the stabilization of cardiocirculatory abnormalities such as hypertension. Therefore, dogs with HAC must receive cardiocirculatory monitoring at diagnosis and during drug treatment.