• Journal of Species Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2013

Typical of large, oligotrophic lakes, Lake H$\ddot{o}$vsg$\ddot{o}$l, Mongolia, exhibits complex morphometry which should support a spatially heterogeneous community of benthic macroinvertrates. The lake also exhibits a broad range of land uses. Based on the variation in land use and complex physical habitat of the lake (e.g. substrate variation and presence of affluent streams in bays), we asked two questions. First, does density of total benthic macroinvertebrates vary between different bays in Lake H$\ddot{o}$vsg$\ddot{o}$l? Second, does density of individual benthic taxa vary by bay? Samples collected in 1997, the last year for benthic sampling of the lake, were designed to test for variation in macroinvertebrate density between bays and can now be used to establish baseline variation in density for future studies. A total of 56 Ponar grab samples were analyzed from six bays in Lake H$\ddot{o}$vsg$\ddot{o}$l. Results of a general linear model analysis of variance showed that total density of macroinvertebrates varied only slightly between bays of the lake, but that most individual taxa showed significant variation between bays. Variation in density for most taxa was linked to substrate composition rather than other geographic or physical variables in the lake. Recent increases in grazing intensity and ecotourism along the shores should be managed to reduce the nutrient load into the lake to avoid impairment of the benthic biota of this unique, ancient ecosystem.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.169-174
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• 1999

The reclamation area of Saemangeum (Kunsan) located between 126$^{\circ}$10' -126$^{\circ}$50'E and and 35$^{\circ}$35'N -36$^{\circ}$05'N at the western coast of Korea. The construction of the 33km sea dike is building in the Saemangeum area. When the construction of the sea dike in the coastal region takes plase, there exists a certain amount of soil which is diffused by the tidal current. Behavior of the soil diffusion usually depends on its intrinsic characteristics, bathymetry, construction method and used mchinery. The amount of soil at the construction acts as a pollutant which is the cause of changing the marine environment. When the soil material is diffused , it may form a layer which obstructs the light passing into the sea and causes the extinction or alteration of the living beings on the sea bottom. The settlement of soil material could change the sea bottom deposit. The purpose of MITIGATION is to harmonize the development and the conservation of environment, to restrict environmental destruction and to reproduce the enviroment damaged by the construction in the coastal region. The purpose of this study is to find the method by which we minimize the anti-function of development in the coastal region. Tide and tidal current are calculated using a two-dimensional numerical model before the construction of sea dike in Saemangeum Bay. The numerical results are compared well with field observations. On the basis of these results, we caculated the tide and tidal current after the construction of the sea dike in order to investigate the change of the tide and tidal current after the construction of the sea dike. Moreover, we calculated the tide and tidal current after the construction of submerged breakwater in order to preserve the enviornmental condition of creature habitat . We compared the tide and tidal current before and after the construction of submerbed breakwater, to investigate the possbility of MITIGATION in the fisheries.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2018

Newly-designed high-rise buildings, both in China and abroad, have demonstrated new innovations from the creative concept to the creative method. from the creative concept to the creative method. At the same time, digital technology has enabled more design freedom in the vertical dimension. "Twisting" has gradually become the morphological choice of many city landmark buildings in recent years. The form seems more likely to be driven by the interaction of aesthetics and structural engineering. Environmental performance is often a secondary consideration; it is typically not simulated until the evaluation phase. Based on the research results of "DigitalFUTURE Shanghai 2017 Workshop - Wind Tunnel Visualization", an approach that can be employed by architects to design environmental-performance buildings during the early stages has been explored. The integration of a dynamic form-finding approach (DFFA) and programming transforms the complex relationship between architecture and environment into a dialogue of computer language and dynamic models. It allows the design to focus on the relationship between morphology and the surrounding environment, and is not limited to the envelope form itself. This new concept of DFFA in this research consists of three elements: 1) architectural form; 2) integration of wind tunnel and dynamic models; and 3) environmental response. The concept of wind tunnel testing integrated with a dynamic model fundamentally abandons the functional definition of the traditional static environment simulation analysis. Instead it is driven by integral environmental performance as the basic starting point of morphological generation.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2010

세계적으로 인간 활동 따른 서식지의 소실과 단절은 생물다양성을 떨어뜨리는 주요원인이며 서식지의 소형화와 세분화는 개체군의 크기를 감소시키고 있다. 본 연구는 꼬리명주나비를 표지-방사-재포획법(MRR 방법)을 이용하여 메타개체군 동태를 파악하였다. 그 결과 2,749 개체(암컷-2295, 수컷-454)가 포획되었으며 이중 343개체(12.8%)가 재포획되었다. 포획된 암수 비율에서는 수컷이 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. Jolly-Seber의 방법으로 일일메타개체군의 크기, 생존율, 추가율, 사망률을 추정하였다. 저자들은 보전생물학자들에게 단절된 경관에서 국지적 메타개체군의 관리와 보전을 강조하고자 하며, 특히 한국산 꼬리명주나비의 경우 지속적인 서식지 보전이 필요하다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

We investigated the distribution of three anuran species, Three-striped pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata), Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), and Narrow-mouthed toads (Kaloula borealis), in an administrative district, Haenam Gun, Junnam Province, Korea using volunteer call surveys. Twenty-eight volunteer call surveyors were assigned to each $2{\times}2km^2$ survey plot. Call surveys on whether the species are present or not were conducted for 5 minutes between 30 minutes after sunset and the midnight on rice fields and ponds from 10 April to 28 August in 2005. Depending on species, call surveys were carried out at seven to 28 plots with average 8.4 to 10.7 visits per the plot. We calculated the detection probabilities and occupancy rates of the three species using four models with three covariates: temperature, humidity, and the amount of water at the habitat. The model average detection probabilities of three anuran species of R. nigromaculata, R. catesbeiana, and K. borealis were 0.53, 0.74, and 0.41 respectively, and the site occupancy rates of them were 0.93, 0.94, and 0.86 respectively. Our results indicate that R. nigromaculata, R. catesbeiana, and K. borealis are common in Haenam Gun.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.298-311
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• 1993

지 구 온난화 현상에 의한 해안지역에서의 가능한 미래의 해수면 상승의 영향을 예측하기 위한 연구가 미국 Florida주 북동 해안지역을 대상으로 행해졌다. 시뮬레이션 모델링을 위한 토지 이용도, 지표고도, 그리고 그외 지역의 자연적 특성에 관한 자료가 원격 탐사와 지리정보시 스템을 이용해서 준비, 분석, 합성이 되었다. 준비된 모든 자료는 개발된 모델 (SLAMM 3) 에 의해 분석되어 침수와 침식에 대한 결과로서 발생될 수 있는 해안지역에서의 현상이 예 측되었다. 해수면 상승에 관한 0.5m, 1m, 1.25m의 세가지 시나리오로서 진행된 연구결과, 유 용한 환경자원인 해안 저습지의 손실이 최고 40%까지 예측되었다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2019

The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is becoming an increasingly popular means to model wind flows in and around buildings. The first published application of CFD to both indoor and outdoor building airflows was in the 1970's. Since then, CFD usage has expanded to include different aspects of building design. Wind tunnel testing (WTT) on buildings for wind loads goes back as far as 1908. Gustave Eiffel built a pair of wind tunnels in 1908 and 1912. Using these he published wind loads on an aircraft hangar in 1919 as cited in Hoerner (1965 - page 74). The second of these wind tunnels is still in use today for tests including building design ($Damljanovi{\acute{c}}$, 2012). The Empire State Building was tested in 1933 in smooth flow - see Baskaran (1993). The World Trade Center Twin Towers in New York City were wind tunnel tested in the mid-sixties for both wind loads, at Colorado State University (CSU) and the [US] National Physical Laboratory (NPL), as well as pedestrian level winds (PLW) at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) - Baskaran (1993). Since then, the understanding of the planetary boundary layer, recognition of the structures of turbulent wakes, instrumentation, methodologies and analysis have been continuously refined. There is a drive to replace WTT with computational methods, with the rationale that CFD is quicker, less expensive and gives more information and control to the architects. However, there is little information available to building owners and architects on the limitations of CFD for flows around buildings and communities. Hence building owners, developers, engineers and architects are not aware of the risks they incur by using CFD for different studies, traditionally conducted using wind tunnels. This paper will explain what needs to happen for CFD to replace wind tunnels. Ultimately, we anticipate the reader will come to the same conclusion that we have drawn: both WTT and CFD will continue to play important roles in building and infrastructure design. The most pressing challenge for the design and engineering community is to understand the strengths and limitations of each tool so that they can leverage and exploit the benefits that each offers while adhering to our moral and professional obligation to hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

This study introduces novel research using Practice Context Models supported by Knowledge Networks and Percolation Theory with the aim to contribute to knowledge management in Proof-of-Concept (PoC) activities. The authors envision this proposal as a potential instrument to identify network structures based on a percolation (propagation) threshold and to analyze the importance of nodes (e.g., practitioners, practices, competencies, movements, and scenarios) during the percolation of knowledge in PoC activities. After thirty months immersed in the natural PoC habitat, acting as observers and practitioners, and supported by an ethnographic exercise and a designer-research mindset, the authors identified the production of meaning in PoC activities occurring in a hermeneutic circle characterized by the presence of several knowledge networks; thus, discovering the 'natural knowledge' in PoC as a spectrum of cognitive development spread throughout its network, as each node could produce and disseminate certain knowledge that flows and influences other nodes. Therefore, this research presents the use of Practice Context Models 'connected' to Knowledge Networks and Percolation Theory as a potential and feasible proposal to be built using the attribution of values (weights) to the nodes (e.g., practitioners, practices, competencies, movements, scenarios, and also knowledge) in the context of PoC with the aim to allow the players (e.g., PoC practitioners) to have more flexibility in building alliances with other players (new nodes); that is, focusing on those nodes with higher value (focus on quality) in collaboration networks, i.e., alliances (connections) with the aim to contribute to knowledge management in the context of PoC.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2021

Perception of the public to structural fires is very important because there are only a number of tall timber buildings constructed in the world. People are hesitating to accept tall timber buildings, so it is essential to ensure the first generation of tall timber buildings to a very high standard, especially fire safety. Right now, there are no specific design standards or regulations for fire design of tall timber buildings in Europe. Even though heavy timber members have better fire resistance than steel components, many conditions still need to be verified before considering the use of timber materials, e.g. fire spread, post-fire collapse, etc. This research numerically explores the structural behaviours of a tall Glulam building when one of its internal Glulam (Glued laminated timber) columns fails after sustaining a full 120-min standard fire and is removed from the established finite element building model created in SAP2000. The numerical results demonstrate that the failure and removal of the selected internal Glulam column may lead to the local failure of the adjacent CLT (Cross laminated timber) floor slabs, but will not lead to large disproportionate damage and collapse of the whole building. Here, the building is assumed to be located in Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2024

Human development activities have led to changes in land cover, resulting in the loss of green spaces such as forests and agricultural lands. This loss accompanies issues of habitat reduction and hindrance to wildlife movement. Due to the decrease in urban green spaces, urban green connectivity is reducing. This study aims to analyze changes in green space connectivity through structural and functional changes in green spaces caused by land cover changes. Quantitative analysis of landscape patterns using landscape indices through Fragstats model was employed to analyze the structural changes in green spaces. This study used seven landscape indices to assess the fragmentation and isolation of green spaces. The analysis was focused on changes occurring in agricultural lands, forests, and grasslands within Yongin-si, South Korea, over 20 years from 1989 to 2019. Among the landscape indices for forests, PLAND showed a decrease of approximately 8.2% from 1989 to 2009, while NP exhibited a decline of about 2,025 patches. This indicates both a reduction in the total area of green spaces in Yongin-si. Also, we analyzed functional changes based on landscape index variations in forest land within the study area between 2009 and 2019, and least-cost path (LCP) analysis was conducted using Linkage Mapper. Results yielded 18 and 16 links for 2009 and 2019, respectively, with 12 common links. It was observed that five links showed a slight decrease, indicating partial deletions of links, contributing to the fragmentation and discontinuity of forests.