• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2000

The rate constants for the hydrolysis of 2-phenyl-4H,5H-3-methyl-3-thiazolinium perchlorate(PTP) derivatives were detemined by the use of ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer in water. The rate equations which could be applied over a wide pH ranges were obtained. On the basis of rate equation, hydrolysis product analysis, general base catalysis, and substituent effect, a plausible mechanism of the hydrolysis is proposed: Below pH 4.0, the reaction is initiated by addition of water, while above pH 9.0, Michael type nucleophilic addition takes place. In the pH range of $4.5{\sim}8.0$, these two reactions appear to occur competitively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 2001

Shortnecked clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is one of the very important shellfish produced in south-western coast of Korea. But it's ready to be polluted and have sand in flesh because it mainly inhabit in silt at the inside of coastal area. This study was carried out to obtain informations about the elimination of sand in shortnecked clam harvested from western coast of Korea. During rearing shortnecked clams in water tank, the elimination rates of sand from them at 6, 13, 23, $28^{\circ}C$ were 59.0, 88.2, 97.9, $96.1^{\circ}C$ after 48 hours, respectively. The sand was eliminated above $95^{\circ}C$ from the shellfish at 32,9 to $40\%_{\circ}$ of salinity after 48 hours. But the sand elimination from them was incomplete and inconsistent at 10 to 20 of salinity. The sand was eliminated rapidly at pH 1.9 to 9.0 however, its elimination was not effective at neutral or acidity range, It was found that the sand elimination was most effective at $23^{\circ}C, 35\%_{\circ}$ salinty and pH 9.0. Reasonable flow rate for sand eliminate in shortnecked clam was above 150 L/min./shellfish $m^3$ under both 3,000 and 4,000 L/shellfish $m^3$, and above 100 L/min,/shellfish $m^3$ under both 6,000 and 8,000 L/shellfish $m^3$ in water tank.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.9 s.266
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• pp.668-673
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• 2006

Background: Docetaxel has been effectively used as an anti-cancer chemotherapuetic agent for various tumor treatments including lung cancer. However, the cell death induction mechanism(s) involved with docetaxel treatment in lung cancer cells has not been known yet. Material and Method: In the present study, the cellular and biochemical changes of NCI-H1703 cells (non-small cell lung cancer cell line, p53-mutant) after docetaxel treatment have been monitored by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blot. Result: Docetaxel treatment significantly resulted in decrease of S phase as well as increase of G2 phase, and consequently evoked an increase of cell death in NCI-H1703 cells. After docetaxel exposure the activations of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected. Conclusion: Take together, it is suggested that the docetaxel induces NCI-H1703 cell death by caspase-9 and caspase-3 dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1992

nif (nitrogen fixation)-H.D, K genes of Frankia sp. SNU 014201. a symbiotic strain isolated from root nodule of Alnus hirsura, were found to be located in the genome on 13.5 kb of EcoRI, 18.0 kb of BamHI, 10.5 kb of BglII and 4.5 kb of KpnI fragments. Using EMBL-3 BamHI arms of bacteriophage lambda. the genomic library was constructed. from which fourteen recombinant phage nif-clones were selected. Among them, Ahnif-I2 had insert DNA of 18 kb, in which 7.9 kb of BamHl fragment contained nif-H, D, K and 3.6 kb of HindlIl/KpnI had nif-H and partial -D. Therefore, the 7.9 kb and 3.6 kb fragments were subcloned and partial restriction maps were constructed. As the results, nif-F1, D.K genes were found to be located continuously on the 6.5 kb of HindII/BamHI and 5.2 kb of SalIIBamHI fragment in the genome of Frankia sp. SNU 014201.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 1991

C18H22N4OS, Mr=342.47, monoclinic, P2₁/c,a=11.802(2), b=31.962(2), c=9.829(2)A, β=100.12(1)˚, V=3694.8A3,F(000)=1472, Z=8, Dx=1.246 Mg m-3, Dm=1.17Mg m-3,λ=0.71073 A, μ=0.15mm-1, T=294 K. final R=0.0856 for 3718 observed reflection (Fo>3σ(Fo)) There are two molecules in an asymmetric unit and a major difference between these molecules is in the C(9)-N(1)-C(6)-C(7) torsion angles [58.8(8)˚and 1(1)˚]. Both molecules have intramolecular N(1)-H(10)'N(3) hydrogen bonds [ 2.613(7) and 2.566(7) A] and assume V-shaped conformation with N(2) atoms at the verices. The two independent molecules are linked by the two N(2)-H(11)'S' hydrogen bonds[3.367(5) A and 3.421(4)A] and the dimergen are held together by van der Waals forces.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a new $^{l3}C-urea-containing$ capsule for diagnosis of H. pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, $^{l3}C-urea$ breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG/citric$ acid (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value, about 16 at 20 mim, while the formula composed of only 38 mg $^{l3}C-urea$ had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the, sensitivity of $^{l3}C-urea$ in the human volunteers. The capsule [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and $37^{\circ}C$. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable preparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-57
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze the activities of muscles importantly functioning when walking with different inclinations and speeds of a treadmill, in order to provide basic data on walking exercise using a treadmill. Method: The selected subjects of this study were 16 men and women who had lower extremity injury. A treadmill was used to provide the activation of muscle, and the electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity variables. The Biodex was used to measure the value of maximum isometric contraction. The inclinations of the treadmill were 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively, and its speeds were 2Km/h. 3Km/h, 4Km/h, 5Km/h, and 6Km/h, respectively. Result: For quadriceps femoris muscle and trunk muscle, there were significant differences in muscle activity when different speeds were applied at 0%, 5% and 10% inclinations.(p<0.05) The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 9.78% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.32% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of erector spinae muscle was 24.93% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 24.84% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, whereas it was 23.99% at 0% inclination and 4km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 11.89% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 10.65% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of rectus femoris muscle was 10.26% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.77% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. Conclusion: It was found that the activities of trunk muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle increase as the inclination and the speed of a treadmill increase during treadmill walking.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1289-1292
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• 2006

Potassium(I) with 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate (L) assembles to K($H_2O$)L (L = 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate). It was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, element analysis, IR and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1$/n and reveals a seven-coordinate complex. Polyhedra potassium chains, C-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}\pi$ and C-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O and O-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bonds lead K($H_2O$)L to a three-dimensional network structure. The biological activity of resistance to hypoxia was tested, and the results showed that the biological activity of resistance to hypoxia of K($H_2O$)L is as good as that of its precursor, irisolidone.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the stream current detector (SCD) and charge analyzing system (CAS), which are well known as the automatic coagulant dosage determination instruments. When the SCD system was used, the current charge value set at pH 9.3 could not be used as the coagulant dosage when the pH of the raw water decreased to 5.7, and the current charge value corresponding to pH 5.7 was required to be reset. In case of CAS system, polydadmac is stable as a cationic titrant when the pH of the raw water ranged 9.3 to 6.0. And it was effective to use polydadmac as a cationic titrant for high turbidity water. The current charge of polydadmac was almost constant between pH 5 and 11, however, the difference in charge of alum is six times in this pH range. Therefore, when the pH of the raw water was changed, it seems that the coagulant used in the actual water treatment plant was as a good cationic titrant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to investigate inputs and pH values of stemflow of bulk precipitation and 5 tree species (Deciduous species : Quercus mongolica, Betula costata, Kalopanax septemlobus, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Plantation species : Larix kaempferi), in Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-gun, Gangwondo, from June to October in 2004 and 2005. The amount of stemflow during study period was the greatest in Q. mongolica (9.9 mm), and B. costata (7.5 mm), K. setemlobus (5.9 mm), L. kaempferi (3.8 mm), F. rhynchophylla (3.2 mm), respectively. Stemflow of each species increased with bulk precipitation. Increment with bulk precipitation was smaller in 2004 when the intense bulk precipitation occurred more. pH values of stemflow was the highest in F. rhynchophylla (5.91), and K. setemlobus (5.64), B. costata (5.80), Q. mongolica (5.56), L. kaempferi (5.25), respectively. Generally, pH values of stemflow of all species increased with bulk precipitation pH value, and lower than that (6.39).