• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.41-57
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• 1998

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from an healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isolated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli HGU-3 or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breave K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing the number of bifidobateria on intestinal microflora. The inhibitory effect of bifidobacteria on Growth of Helicobacter pylori and Rotavirus infection were exammed. Bifidobacterium K-110 and K-111 inhibited effectively them. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered to mice, the activities of fecal harmful enzymes were inhibited and the AC and ACF formation were suppressed. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had high inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes and ACF formation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4821-4824
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• 2015

Gastric cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death among all cancers and is the 4th most common cancer in the world. The number of deaths due to gastric cancer is about 800,000 annually. Gastric cancer is more common in men as compared to women and is 3rd most common cancer after colorectal and breast cancers in women. A progressive rise in the incidence rate has been observed in females over the last 5 years. The highest incidence of stomach cancer is in China, South America and Eastern Europe. The incidence of gastric cancer has 20 fold variation worldwide. Global variation is linked by two factors which play important role in developing gastric cancer. One is infection with Helicobacter pylori and the $2^{nd}$ is diet. South Asia is a region with low risk, despite a high prevalence of H.pylori. Gastric carcinoma is common in southern region of India. Gastric cancer is more readily treated if diagnosed early. This study aims to provide awareness about gastric cancer as well as an updated knowledge about risk factors and epidemiology of gastric cancer in Pakistan.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2007

Chinese herb medicines have traditionally been used to treat or alleviate the symptom of various diseases. The rationale for use of certain herbs to certain disorder is now getting unveiled by modern technology. In the present study, we investigated whether herb mix extract(HMX), which is alleged to be useful for gastric ulcer, protects stomach from oxidative stress. Rats were allowed to normal diet with and without HMX (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) for 30 days. To induce gastric ulcer, ethanol (75%, 1.5 ml) or acidified aspirin (100 mg/kg in 0.2 N HCl) was administered by oral route in 24 h-fasted rats and examined the gastric ulceration(bleeding) by measuring the size 1 h after the treatment. Results indicated the area of gastric bleeding was significantly less in HMX fed rats than in normal diet fed ones, and it was dependent on the duration and amount of HMX. To investigate the underlying mechanism by which HMX protects stomach from oxidative stress, expression of enzymes like heme oxygenase (HO), cyclooxygenase (COX), and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) were investigated in MKN-74 cells, where aspirin or H. pylori was introduced. The results were compared with RAW 264.7 cells to check if there's cell specificities exist. The expression of HO-1 but not COX-2, iNOS was significantly increased by HMX. Furthermore, HO-1 inhibitor, SnPP IX reduced the HO-1 activity and reversed the survival rate in HMX-treated MKN-74 cells. There's no difference between RAW 264.7 cells and MKN-74 cells. We, thus, concluded that HMX is beneficial for protection from oxidative injury, and induction of HO-1 by HMX in gastric cells is, at least, responsible for protection from oxidative stress such as ethanol, aspirin and possibly H. pylori infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1057-1060
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• 2016

Background: The tumor suppressor p53 is as a regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis and many other biological processes as well as external and internal stress responses. Mdm2 SNIP309 is a negative regulator of 53. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of the Mdm2 SNIP 309 polymorphism in the gastric mucosal morphological patterns in patients with Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2014 through November 2015. Biopsy specimens were obtained from patients and infection was proven by positive histology. Gastric mucosa specimens were sent to the Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology where they were tested by molecular methods to detect the patterns of Mdm2 SNIP 309 polymorphism using the real-time PCR hybridization probe method. The results were analyzed and correlated with gastric mucosal morphological patterns by using C-NBI endoscopy. Results: A total of 300 infected patients were enrolled and gastric mucosa specimens were collected. In this study the percentage of Mdm2 SNIP 309 T/T homozygous and Mdm2 SNIP309 G/T heterozygous was 78% and 19 % respectively whereas Mdm2 SNIP309 G/G homozygous was 3%. Mdm2 SNIP 309 T/T homozygous and Mdm2 SNIP309 G/T heterozygosity correlated with type 1 to type 3 gastric mucosal morphological patterns (P<0.01) whereas Mdm2 SNIP309 G/G homozygous correlated with type 4 and type 5 (P<0.01). Conclusions: Our study finds the frequency of Mdm2 SNIP309 G/G in a Thai population is very low, and suggests that this can explain ae Thailand enigma. Types 1 to type 3 are the most common gastric mucosal morphological patterns according to the unique genetic polymorphism of MDM2 SNIP 309 in the Thai population.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.493-498
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• 2006

Objectives : Diabetes has been reported as a risk factor for several cancers. However, the association between diabetes and gastric cancer has been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the fasting serum glucose level and gastric cancer risk in Korea. Methods : Among the members of the Korean Multi-Center Cancer Cohort (KMCC) from 1993 to 2004, a total of 100 incident gastric cancer cases were ascertained until December 31, 2002 and 400 controls were matched according to age, sex, and year and area of enrollment. Of the eligible subjects, those without fasting serum glucose level information were excluded, with a total of 64 cases and 236 controls finally selected. On enrollment, all subjects completed a baseline demographic and lifestyle characteristics questionnaire, and had their fasting serum glucose level measured. The Helicobacter pylori infection status was determined by an immunoblot assay using long-term stored serum. The odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional and unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for the H. pylori infection status, smoking, drinking, education, follow-up period and matching variables. Results : The ORs for risk of gastric cancer according to the serum glucose level were 1.33 [95% CI=0.50-3.53] and 1.66 [95% CI=0.55-5.02] for the categories of 100-125 and 126 mg/dL or greater, respectively, compared to the category of less than 100 mg/dL. No increased risk of gastric cancer according to the serum glucose level was found (p-trend=0.337). Conclusions : This study provides no evidence for an association of the serum glucose level with gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6103-6108
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• 2013

Objective: Excision repair cross-complementing group 6 (ERCC6) is a major component of the nucleotide excision repair pathway that plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. Several recent studies suggested a link of ERCC6 polymorphisms with susceptibility to various cancers. However, the relation of ERCC6 polymorphism with gastric cancer (GC) risk remains elusive. In this sex- and age-matched case-control study including 402 GC cases and 804 cancer-free controls, we aimed to investigate the association between a potentially functional polymorphism (rs1917799 T>G) in the ERCC6 regulatory region and GC risk. Methods: The genotypes of rs1917799 were determined by Sequenom MassARRAY platform and the status of Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with the common TT genotype, the ERCC6 rs1917799 GG genotype was associated with increased GC risk (adjusted OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.03-2.08, P=0.035). When compared with (GT+TT) genotypes, the GG genotype also demonstrated a statistical association with increased GC risk (adjusted OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.89, P=0.044). This was also observed for the male subpopulation (GG vs. TT: adjusted OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.12-2.62, P=0.013; G allele vs. T allele: adjusted OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.07-1.62, P=0.009). Genetic effects on increased GC risk tended to be enhanced by H. pylori infection, smoking and drinking, but their interaction effects on GC risk did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: ERCC6 rs1917799 GG genotype might be associated with increased GC risk in Chinese, especially in males.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3687-3693
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• 2012

Objective: The current meta-analysis was performed to address a more accurate estimation of the association between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) codon 105 polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer (GC), which has been widely reported with conflicting results. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all the relevant studies. Fixed or random effect models were selected based on the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results: A total of 20 studies containing 2,821 GC cases and 6,240 controls were finally included in the analyses. Overall, no significant association between GSTP1 polymorphism and GC risk was observed in worldwide populations. However, subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that GSTP1 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of GC in Asians (G vs. A, OR = 1.273, 95%CI=1.011-1.605; GG vs. AA, OR=2.103, 95%CI=1.197-3.387; GG vs. AA+AG, OR =2.103, 95%CI=1.186-3.414). In contrast, no significant association was found in Caucasians in any genetic models, except for with AG vs. AA (OR=0.791, 95%CI=0.669-0.936). Furthermore, the GSTP1 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with GC in patients with H. pylori infection and in those with a cardiac GC. Subgroup analysis stratified by Lauren's classification and smoking status showed no significant association with any genetic model. No studies were found to significantly influence the pooled effects in each genetic mode, and no potential publication bias was detected. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that the GSTP1 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of GC in Asians, while GSTP1 heterozygote genotype seemed to be associated with reduced risk of GC. Since potential confounders could not be ruled out completely, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3021-3027
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• 2014

Background: The multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) C3435T polymorphism has been demonstrated to influence the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity level which is related to inflammation and carcinogenesis. This meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer (PU). Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted with PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library up to November 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (Version 5.2), and Stata package (version 12.0) for estimation of publication bias. Results: Six case-control studies were included, of which five were for GC and two for PU. Overall, no evidence was found for any association between the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and the susceptibility to GC and PU. In the stratified analysis by H. pylori infection status, stage and histology classification of GC, and PU type, there was still no significant association between them. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to GC and PU. Large and well-designed studies are warranted to validate our findings.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.261-264
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• 2007

Purpose: Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of MALT type represents approximately 8% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and this lymphoma is present in extranodal sites. Although the presentation of this lymphomain in stomach is usually associated with H. pylori infection in 95% of cases, MALT lymphoma found in soft tissue has been reported very rarely in the field of plastic surgery. We report a case of MALT lymphoma in the submandibular gland without any involvement of other organs such as the stomach. Methods: A 49-year-old man complained of a huge neck mass sized about $10{\times}12cm$. It started about 2 years ago and grew rapidly for the late 6 months. It was of hard nature with erythematous skin overlying it. Under the diagnosis of possible malignant lymphoma or sarcoma, radical resection was performed and the defect was reconstructed using transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flap. Results: The mass was well demarcated from the normal tissue, $11{\times}10.5{\times}10cm$ in size and whitish-gray color. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the tumor cells were LCA(+), CD20(+), CD3(-) and CD5(-). The tumor was diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma. The patient was treated with prophylactic radiation therapy after surgery, there was no complication for 1 year. Conclusion: We reported that very rare form of MALT lymphoma in 49-year-old male patient was experienced with clinical characteristics, histologic features and references.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.228-237
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• 2005

Purpose: We investigated the impacts of the methylation states of the P16 and the hMLH1 genes on pathogenesis and genetic expression of stomach cancer and their relationships with Helicobater pylori infection, and with other clinico-pathologic factors. Material and Methods: In our study, to detect protein expression and methylation status of the P16 and the hMLH1 genes in 100 advanced gastric adenocarcinomas, used immunohistochemical staining and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and direct automatic genetic sequencing analysis. Results: Methylation of the P16 gene was observed in 19 out of 100 cases (19%) and in the 18 of those cases (94.7%) loss of protein expression was seen. We were sble to show that loss of P16 gene expression was related to methylation of the P16 gene (kappa coefficient=0.317, p=0.0011). Methylation of the hMLH1 gene was observed in 27 cases (27%), and in 24 cases of those 27 cases (88.8%), loss of protein expression was seen, which suggested that loss of protein expression in the hMLH1 gene is related to methylation of hMLH1 gene (kappa coefficient=0.675, P<0.0001). Also methylation of the hMLH1 gene was related to age, size of the mass, and lauren's classification. Conclusion: We found that methylation of DNA plays an important role in inactivation of the P16 and the hMLH1 genes. The methylation of the hMLH1 genes is significantly related to age, size of the mass, and lauren's classification.