• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

Highly oriented diamond (HOD) films in polycrystalline can be grown on the (100) silicon substrate by microwave plasma CVD. Bias enhanced nucleation (BEN) method was adopted for highly oriented diamond deposition with high nucleation density and uniformity. The substrate was biased up to -250[Vdc] and bias time required for forming a diamond film was varied up to 25 minutes. Diamond was deposited by using $\textrm{CH}_4$/CO and $H_2$ mixture gases by microwave plasma CVD. Nucleation density and degree of orientation of the diamond films were studied by SEM. Thermal conductivity of the diamond films was ∼5.27[W/cm.K] measured by $3\omega$ method.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.123-129
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• 1996

Computed torque method has been used for precise trajectory control of the robotic system that involves nonlinear dynamics. It is hard to know exact values of robot system parameters, and the robot arm receives umpredictable interference from the working environment. These disturbances, especially in a direct drive robot, are directly transmitted to actuating motor without reduction. Modelling error and distrubance can cause significant errors in a trajectory tracking problem. In this paper, we propose a new controller that $H_{\infty}$controller is conbined to robot system linearized by computed torque. Simula- tions are made for comparing the performance of the proposed controller with that of a nonlinear $H_{\infty}$ controller proposed by Chen and also computed torque method.hod.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.739-743
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• 2003

[ $Ba_2NaNb_5O_{15}$ ], hereafter BNN, thin films are attractive candidates for nonvolatile memory and electro-optic devices. In the present work, thin films that have different contents of Ba, Nb and Na have been prepared by H-MOD technique on silicon and Pt substrates. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the phase evolution behavior and the microstructure of the films. It was found that the films of about 500nm thick were crack-free and uniform in microstructure. Nb content strongly influenced the phase formation of the films, where unwanted phases were always formed at the stoichiometric BNN composition. However, the unwanted phases decreased with the increase of excess Nb content, and the single phase (tetragonal tungsten bronze structure) BNN thin film was obtained when the niobium content reached some point. From this study, the sub-solidus phase diagram below $850^{\circ}C$ for $BaO-Na_2O-Nb_2O_5$ ternary system is proposed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1994

To examine the productivity, growth characteristics, and nutritive value of forage rye at the southern region of Korea, fourteen varieties of rye were sown at Nov. 13, 1992 at the plot of experiment farm of Crop Experiment Station, Mokpo Branch, and over winter survival rate, heading date, yield, yield components and nutritional values were measured. All the varieties used in this experiment showed 100% over winter survival rate at the sowing date of Nov. 13. Heading dates of all the varieties ranges from Apr. 25 to May 10, which seems to be early enough to get high yield. The varieties, Paldal-hod, and Danko introduced from Japan appear to be the most recommended ones in the southem region of Korea. They showed early heading date of Apr. 25, large plant height, greater number of leaves, high yield, low content of crude fiber and crude fat, high crude protein, NFE, and crude a5h.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 제5회 영호남 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-102
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• 2003

$Ba_2NaNb_5O_{15}$, hereafter BNN, thin films are attractive candidates for nonvolatile memory and electro-optic devices. In the present work, thin films that have different contents of Ba, Na and Nb have been prepared by H-MOD technique on silicon and Pt substrates. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the phase evolution behavior and the microstructure of the films. It was found that the films of about 450nm thick were crack-free and uniform in microstructure. Nb content strongly influenced the phase formation of the films, where low temperature phase was always formed at the stoichiometric BNN composition. However, the amount of low temperature phase decreased with the increase of excess Nb content, and the single phase (orthorhombic tungsten bronze structure) BNN thin film was obtained at the temperature as low as $750^{\circ}C$ for samples with excess niobium. From this study, the sub-solidus phase diagram below $850^{\circ}C$ for $BaO-Na_2O-Nb_2O_5$ ternary system is proposed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.679-688
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• 1997

In order to analyze the water quality variation of surface water around the Sudokwon landfill site, seasonal variations of water temperature, pH, DO. HOD, COD, SS, NH3-N, NO2-N, and NO3-N were examined at 10 sites from January to December, 1996. It was found that the estimates of COD, DO. SS, and $NH_3-N$ were Increased compared with the results of environmental Impact assessment carried out In 1988. Higher estimates of COD, DO, and SS were due to Industrial and agricultural wastewater, and the Increase of NH3-N at Jangdo reservoir strate was due to the leachate from the landfill. In particular, the estimate of 55 was found to be increased by the soil wash from the landfill during the heavy rainy days.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 1995

매시브 콘크리트 구조물의 균열선단의 응력확대계수를 구하는 데 표면적분법을도입하였다. 표면적분법은 경로적분인 J-적분법을 근저로 하여 유도가 된다. J-적분법에서는 균열면의 압력고 구조물의 물체력을 고려할 수가 없는 반면에 본 이론은 이러한 일반 하중조건을 고려할 수가 있으므로 보다 정확한 균열선단부의 응력상태를 고찰하는데 유용하다. 또한 균열선단부의 특이성을 표현하기 위해 특이요소를 사용하거나 균열선단부의 세밀한 요소분할을 요하는 등의 불편함을 제거할 수 있는 기법이다. 본 이론을 바탕으로 응력확대계수$K_I$, $K_{II}$를 구하는 프로그램을 작성하였으며 8절점 등매개 변수요소를 사용하여 $K_I$, $K_{II}$를 검증하였으며 실제 댐 구조물에 적용시켜 응력확대계수의 변화를 살펴보았다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.82-82
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• 2010

We measure the topology of the galaxy distribution using the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR7), examining the dependence of galaxy clustering topology on galaxy properties. The observational results are used to test galaxy formation models. A volume-limited sample defined by Mr<-20.19 enables us to measure the genus curve with amplitude of G=378 at 6h-1Mpc smoothing scale, with 4.8% uncertainty including all systematics and cosmic variance. The clustering topology over the smoothing length interval from 6 to 10h-1Mpc reveals a mild scale-dependence for the shift and void abundance (A_V) parameters of the genus curve. We find strong bias in the topology of galaxy clustering with respect to the predicted topology of the matter distribution, which is also scale-dependent. The luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering topology discovered by Park et al. (2005) is confirmed: the distribution of relatively brighter galaxies shows a greater prevalence of isolated clusters and more percolated voids. We find that galaxy clustering topology depends also on morphology and color. Even though early (late)-type galaxies show topology similar to that of red (blue) galaxies, the morphology dependence of topology is not identical to the color dependence. In particular, the void abundance parameter A_V depends on morphology more strongly than on color. We test five galaxy assignment schemes applied to cosmological N-body simulations to generate mock galaxies: the Halo-Galaxy one-to-one Correspondence (HGC) model, the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model, and three implementations of Semi-Analytic Models (SAMs). None of the models reproduces all aspects of the observed clustering topology; the deviations vary from one model to another but include statistically significant discrepancies in the abundance of isolated voids or isolated clusters and the amplitude and overall shift of the genus curve. SAM predictions of the topology color-dependence are usually correct in sign but incorrect in magnitude.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2003

배경: 장기 심장 이식 후에 나타나는 거부반응의 정도와 상태에 대한 정확한 진단은 내심근 조직검사 (endomyocardial biopsy)로 이루어지고 있으나, 이 방법은 환자에 침습적이고 보다 자주 시행하여 감시하기에는 부적합하여, 덜 침습적이고 계속 지속적으로 감시할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 250~300 gm 정도의 백서에서 이소성의 심장이식(heterotopic heart transplantation)을 Ono-Lindsey Method로 시행한 후 1개월 후에 $^{99m}$ Tc-pyrophosphate (PYP) 1.5 mCi를 꼬리 정맥을 통해 주입한 후 스캔(scan)을 시행하고 심장과 척추의 섭취비를 구하여 이식된 심장의 거부반응에 민감하게 반응할 수 있을 지에 대해 조직 검사와 비교관찰 하였다. 걸과: 20마리의 이식된 심장에 $^{99m}$ Tc-PYP스캔에서의 심장/척추 섭취비와 조직 검사 결과를 분석하여 심장/척추 섭취비가 0.09 이상을 거부반응이 있는 것으로 판정하였을 때 20마리에서 진양성 3예, 진음성 12예, 가양성 3예, 가음성 2예로 예민도 (Sensitivity) 60%,특이도(Specificity) 80%의 결과를 얻었다. 걸론: 이식된 장기의 거부반응이 장기이식의 예후에 미치는 중요한 원인이 되므로, 이에 대한 조기 진단할 수 있는 방법으로 $^{99m}$ Tc-PYP스캔이 유용하였으며, 비침습적이고 간단한 검사방법이므로 거부반응 여부를 감시하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1985

For the analysis of vertical vibrations of a ship's hull, the Timoshenko beam analogy is accepted up to seven or eight-node modes provided that the system parameters are properly calculated. As to the shear coefficient, it has been a common practice to apply the strain energy method or the projected area method. The theoretical objection to the former is that it ignores lateral contraction due to Poisson's ratio, and the latter is of extreme simplifications. Recently, Cowper's and Stephen's shear coefficient formulas have drawn ship vibration analysts' attentions because these formulas, derivation of which are based on an integrations of the equations of three-dimensional elasticity, take Poisson's ratio into account. Providing computer programs for calculation of the shear coefficient of ship sections modeled as thin-walked multicell sections by each of the forementioned methods, the authors calculated natural vibration characteristics of a bulk carrier and of a container ship by the transfer matrix method using shear coefficients obtained by each of the methods, and discussed the results in comparision. The major conclusions resulted from this investigation are as follows: (1) The shear coefficients taking account of the effects of Poisson's ratio, Cowper's $K_c$ and Stephen's $K_s$, result in higher values of about 10% in maximum as compared with the shear coefficient $K_o$ based on the conventional strain energy methods; (a) $K_c/K_o{\cong}1.05\;and\;K_s/K_o{\cong}1.10$ for ships having single skin side-shell such as a bulk carrier. (b) $K_c/K_o{\cong}1.02\;and\;K_s/K_o{\cong}1.05$ for ships having longitudinally through bulkheads and/or double side-shells in the portion of the cargo hod such as a container carrier. (2) The distributions of the effective shear area along the ship's hull based on each of $K_o,\;K_c\;and\;K_s$ are similar each another except the both end portions. (3) Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the hull based on each of $K_c\;and\;K_s$ are of small differences as compared each other. (4) In cases of using $K_c\;or\;K_s$ in ship vibration analysis, it is also desirable to have the bending rigidity be corrected according to the effective breadth concept. And then, natural frequencies and mode shapes calculated with the bending rigidity corrected in the above and with each of $K_o,\;K_c\;and\;K_s$ result in small differences as compared each another. (5) Referring to those mentioned in the above (3) and (4) and to the full-scale experimental results reported by Asmussen et al.[17], and considering laboursome to prepare the computer input data, the following suggestions can safely be made; (a) Use of $K_o$ in ship vibration analysis is appropriate in practical senses. (b) Use of $K_c$ is appropriate even for detailed vibration analysis of a ship's hull. (6) The effective shear area based on the projected area method is acceptable for the two-node mode.