• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2019

We determined the contents of 11 biogenic amines in 20 types of cabbage kimchi, 10 types of fish sauce, and 40 types of salted fish purchased from small- and medium-sized grocery stores in Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea, from June to October 2017. The content of each of the biogenic amines in the various types of cabbage kimchi was slightly lower than that in detection amounts of each of the 10 types of biogenic amines and the values reported by Joe et al. The histamine content of all five types of anchovy sauce was lower than the limit set by the European Union (400 mg/kg), but that of three of the five types of sand lance sauce was higher. Analyzing the ratios of the contents of five highly toxic biogenic amines to those of the 11 biogenic amines yielded no quantitative correlation. The estimated daily intake of the five highly toxic biogenic amines in cabbage-kimchi and fermented fish was ${\leq}6mg$.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2023

Nuts are essential components of a healthy diet as they provide nutritional value and bioactive components. Melatonin, is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland of the brain that prevents oxidative damage in various tissues, and also found in plants. This study presents a validation method for extracting and quantitatively analyzing melatonin in nuts, seeds, and beans in Gyeonggi-do; the method utilized chromatographic techniques and optimized extraction procedures, considering the high oil content of nuts. The average content of melatonin in nuts, seeds, and beans was 1200.83 (409.76-2223.56), 934.83 (454.10-1736.60), and 616.46 (494.70-825.12) pg/g, respectively. Melatonin content was higher in the kernel with pellicle than that in the kernel alone in walnuts and chestnuts. Furthermore, the presence of melatonin was lower in newly harvested walnuts, chestnuts, and peanuts than in those stored after being harvested the previous year.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.613-629
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• 2016

This study assayed regional distribution of dental hospital & dental clinics, the number of population & households per one dental hospital & clinic, operation condition & duration. This study used public data that display from 1946 years(the first dental clinic open in republic of korea) to 2016 years. We collected present condition of 21,686 dental hospital and clinics available in public data portal site on 28. Feb.2016. Data were classified by scale, location, permission year, operation duration of dental hospital & clinics and were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. Surveyed on Feb. 2016. Best top 10 regions of permission dental clinics are (1) Gangnam-gu, Seoul(1,337), (2) Seongnamsi, Gyeonggi-do(555), (3) Songpa-gu, Seoul(491), (4) Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul(472), (5) Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do(443), (6) Seocho-gu, Seoul(428), (7) Nowon-gu, Seoul(417), (8) Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do(413), (9) Jung-gu, Seoul(380), (10) Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do(353). Whereas best top 10 regions of operating dental clinics are (1) Gangnam-gu, Seoul(581), (2) Seongnamsi, Gyeonggi-do(415), (3) Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do(382), (4) Seocho-gu, Seoul(320), (5) Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do(303), (6) Songpa-gu, Seoul(295) (7) Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do(290), (8) Bucheon-si and Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do(262), (9) Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do(224). Average population per one dental hospital & clinic by regional local government are 3,120 people. Best five region of population per one dental hospital & clinic are (1) Sejong-si(5,272), (2) Gangwon-do(4,653), (3) Chungcheongbuk-do(4,513), (4) Gyeongsangbuk-do(4,490), (5) Chungcheongnam-do(4,402). Average households per one dental hospital & clinic by regional local government are 1,316 households. Best three region of households per one dental hospital & clinic are (1) Sejong-si(2,126), (2) Gangwon-do(2,057), (3) Gyeongsangbuk-do(1,946). From 1946 to 1986, permission and operating dental hospital and clinics was steadily increasing. On 1986-1990, 1991-1995, permission, operation and closure of dental hospital and clinics increase rapidly. From the 2011-2015 to 2016(present), permission, operation and closure of dental hospital and clinics is decreasing. Average operating duration of closured dental hospital and clinics are 14.054 years. We need to map of dental hospital and clinics for open and operation of one, base on analyzed results. In an era of 30,000 dentist, we should to be concerned about operation of dental clinics in the light of past operating condition.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2017

This study was investigated on pH, heavy metals, oils and solvents in 34 surface soil samples and the samples are collected at two times for 17 farmland sites around 7 industrial areas in Northern Gyeonggi Province. As a result of pH for soil contamination monitoring network, the range of pH showed 4.4~8.4 and average was 6.3. The range of pH for Agricultural land around industrial area was 6.7~7.5 and average indicated 7.1 that mostly showed neutral condition in this area. he average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Ni, As and $Cr^{6+}$ are lower than Korea soil contamination worrisome levels at region 1 and the mean levels of farmland from the soil quality monitoring network. The average concentrations of Zn, Cd and Hg didn't exceed the soil contamination worrisome levels at region 1 but slightly higher than the mean levels of farmland from the soil quality monitoring network. The heavy metal levels of all samples are within Korea soil contamination worrisome levels at region 1. The results showed that the detected heavy metal concentrations ranged from N.D. to ~32.7% of Korea soil contamination worrisome levels at region 1. BTEX, TPH, TCE and PCE were not detected in all samples and thus the farmland around the industrial areas were free from oils and solvents contamination.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.710-718
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• 2020

Objectives: We analyzed water in waterscape facilities to investigate contamination levels of water-borne pathogens and four test items (pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, and Escherichia coli) at facilities including play fountains, splash parks, and artificial streams from June to October in Suwon City and in the whole of Gyeonggi-do. Methods: A total of 62 waterscape facility samples were collected from 36 sites and tested for pathogenic Escherichia coli and water-borne viruses that cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease, eye disease, and acute enteritis. Results: None of the water-borne pathogens were detected in waterscape facility samples collected from across Gyeonggi-do that were for pre-inspection for facility management. However, the results of samples from Suwon collected in hot weather and during the school vacation period showed five total inconsistencies in turbidity (four cases) and Escherichia coli (one case). Three out of the four inconsistent samples in turbidity were from the same facility which operated a sand filtration system due to its locational factors close to mountains. Conclusion: We suggest that the waterscape facilities in Gyeonggi-do are managed properly in the respect of microbial contamination and water quality.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.310-315
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• 2018

Under the "Positive List System (PLS)," a uniform limit of 0.01 mg/kg is applied if the agricultural product does not have a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) for a pesticide. The purpose of this research is to conduct residual pesticide monitoring on tropical fruits distributed in Gyeonggi-do to investigate the effects of PLS and provide basic materials for establishing MRLs of residual pesticides for tropical fruits produced in Korea. By inspecting 120 tropical fruits distributed in Gyeonggi-do according to Multi-class pesticide multi-residue methods, we detected sevenfruits from threekinds of banana, mangoes, and kiwis with six different residual pesticides. Azoxystrobin and chlorpyrifos were detected from bananas, chlorfenapyr from mangoes, and chlorothalonil, iprodione, and procymidone from kiwis. A single case of chlorfenapyr and chlorothalonil was found with a mango and a kiwi produced in Korea, respectively, and by applying PLS we found that they exceeded the MRL of residual pesticide. Thus, it is necessary to set the MRL of residual pesticides for tropical fruits produced in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2012

While the existing sewage treatment facilities are mainly being operated by biological processes, winter-time efficiency improvement and additional phosphorus treatment equipment using chemicals have been required to follow the effluent criteria of TP (0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L for the zone of I, II and III respectively) and $BOD_5$ (5.0 mg/L) which is intensified from 2012 in Republic of Korea. We made an investigation into actual condition of biological treatment process and calculated the optimal chemical input amount by jar test of supernatant of secondary sedimentation tank to evaluate the process improvement for the intensified criteria. Ejector BAF system for removing TP, $BOD_5$ of sewage effluent was suggested. The concentration of TP from biological process is 0.3-0.8 mg/L, and the input amount of optimal chemical coagulant was above Al/P ratio of 3(1.9 mg/L as Al) to meet the criteria of TP for secondary treatment effluent. From the results of this experiment, the best Al/P ratio for Ejector BAF system was about Al/P ratio of 1, and LV of BAF process for intensified criteria of $BOD_5$ and TP was below 1.97m/hr.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.275-281
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• 2022

We investigated the occurrence pattern of the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis in job's tears, and we tested the field control effects of 5 insecticides and 3 eco-friendly materials. Adults of O. furnacalis began to occur in May and have passed three generations until the end of October. As results of the field test, five insecticides (novaluron, lufenuron, spinetoram, cyclaniliprole, flufenoxuron) and three eco-friendly materials (gosam extracts 90%, neem extracts 60%, citronella oil 30 + derris extracts 20 + cinnamon extracts 10%) showed high control effects against O. furnacalis in two different areas, and no phytotoxicity even at double dose of pesticides.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2019

We performed a safety survey on residual pesticides in dried agricultural products. A total of 110 samples of dried agricultural products distributed in Gyeonggi-do were analyzed for 263 pesticides according to multi class pesiticide multiresidue method. Ten types of pesticides were detected in 10 samples. Chlorpyrifos was detected in Ricinus communis leaves, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, pyridalyl in Chwinamul (wild aster), diniconazole, isoprothiolane, lufenuron in radish leaves, hexaconazole in Cirsium setidens (Korean thistle), bifenthrin, and chlorothalonil, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin in pepper leaves. The detection rate of pesticides was 9.1%, and among these samples, one was detected over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). In the validation study, the values of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), coefficient of determination ($R^2$) and recovery were in the range of 0.002~0.027 mg/kg, 0.006~0.083 mg/kg, 0.9964~1.0000 and 74.8~118.9%, respectively. The Positive List System (PLS) was newly introduced as part of the safety management of residual pesticide in agricultural products in Korea in 2019. With the application of the PLS, if the MRL is not established, 0.01 mg/kg limit is applied uniformly. In spite, these of strengthened residue limits, the MRLs of dried agricultural products are still insufficient. Therefore, this study could be utilized as basic data for the setting of proper MRLs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.275-288
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• 2023

Background: When basic local governments want to improve their air quality management policies, they need fundamental evidence, such as the effectiveness of current policies or scenario results. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to lay the groundwork for a process to calculate air pollutant reduction from basic local government air quality policies and provide numerical estimates of PM_2.5 concentrations following improved policies. Methods: We calculated the amount of air pollutant reduction that can be expected in the research region based on the Gyeonggi-do Air Environment Management Implementation Plan issued in 2021 and guidelines from the Korean Ministry of Environment. The PM_2.5 concentration variations were numerically simulated using the CMAQ (photochemical air quality model). Results: The research regions selected were Suwon, Ansan, Yongin, Pyeongtaek, and Hwaseong in consideration of population, air pollutant emissions, and geographical requirements. The expected reduction ratios in 2024 compared to 2018 are CO (3.0%), NO_x (7.9%), VOCs (0.7%), SO_x (0.1%), PM₁₀ (2.4%), PM_2.5 (6.1%), NH₃ (0.05%). The reduced PM_2.5 concentration ratio was highest in July and lowest in April. The expected concentration reduction of yearly mean PM_2.5 in the research region is 0.12 ㎍/m³ (0.6%). Conclusions: Gyeonggi-do is now able to quickly provide air pollutant emission reduction calculations by respective policy scenario and PM_2.5 simulation results, including for secondary aerosol particles. In order to provide more generalized results to basic local governments, it is necessary to conduct additional research by expanding the analysis tools and periods.