• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.91-101
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• 1992

The aim of this study is to offer the basic data concerning the architectural characteristics of the recently constructed farmhouses built by the residents’ self-planning after 1987, compared with the standard housing plan, for the desirable farmhouse planning. The 77 farmhouses, scattered in Milyang-gun, Yangsan-gun and Ulsan-gun near Ulsan city, were selected for the field measurement and the data, compared with the 14 standard housing plans, were analysed by the qualitative method. The farmhouses studied here showed average size of 25-pyongs(82.5m2) and took the flat slab type of roof by the masonry construction of the red blicks. The characteristics in planning were \circled1 the Anbang placed adjacent above the living room, \circled2 a pare of double-sliding doers for the Anbang. \circled3 a pare of double-sliding doors between the living room and the yard for the openness of the living room, \circled4 a door between the living room and the kitchen, \circled5 the multiuse-room by the kicthen for supplemental use, and \circled6 the storage space as attics secured indoor. The standard housing plans, different from these of the recently constructed farmhouses, placed emphasis on the separativeness of each space using the one hinged doors. The farmhouses built recently therefore were not affected by the characteristics of the standard housing plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2017

This study attempted to establish the optimal conditions for storage of spring kimchi cabbage to stably control supply and demand. To this end, this study stored kimchi cabbages in various manners for different periods and compared the quality characteristics of kimchi using these cabbages. According to the results, pre-drying with photocatalytic and pre-cooling treatments showed average selectivity loss rates of 18.83 and 21.37%, respectively, which were lower than those of other treatments. Spring kimchi cabbages were stored for 15 weeks under various conditions, and the kimchi was stored for 4 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. After ripening, each kimchi was analyzed for their soluble solid content, pH, acidity, and salinity. The average pH of kimchi was 4.60 and tended to rise, whereas average acidity was 0.38% and fell by 0.24 to 0.31% as the storage period was extended. Extension of the storage period caused decreases in soluble solid content and salinity, and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased due to increased pH and reduced acidity (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that all experts and non-professionals preferred kimchi treated by precooling compared to any other treatment.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.590-596
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• 2016

Biopsy is a typical needle type intervention procedure performed under radiographic image equipment such as computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT. This minimal invasive procedure is a simple and effective way for identifying cancerous condition of a suspicious tissue but radiation exposure for the patients and interventional radiologists is a critical problem. In order to overcome such trouble and improve accuracy in targeting of the needle, there have been various attempts using robot technology. Those devices and systems, however, are not for full procedure automation in biopsy without consideration for tissue sampling task. A robotic end-effector of a master-slave tele-operated needle type intervention robot system has been proposed to perform entire biopsy procedure by the authors. However, motorized sampling adopted in the device has different cutting speed from that of biopsy guns used in the conventional way. This paper presents the design of a novel robotic mechanism and protocol for the automation of biopsy procedure using spring-triggered biopsy gun mechanism. An experimental prototype has been successfully fabricated and shown its feasibility of the automated biopsy sequence.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.378-387
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• 2017

To stabilize the supply of kimchi by extending the storage period of spring kimchi cabbage, this study manufactured kimchi from spring kimchi cabbage under varying storage conditions and periods, and analyzed their quality and sensory characteristics following the maturing period. Trimming loss was lowest in the group of plasma+reverse direction+predrying+HDPE film processing. The salting yield of spring kimchi cabbage stored for 12 weeks was lower than that of spring kimchi cabbage stored for 6 weeks, and the kimchi yield was low in the pre-treatment group of spring kimchi cabbage stored for 12 weeks. The firmness was slightly different according to the storage period from one month of maturation. From the perspective of pH and acidity, the maturation in the reverse direction+pre-drying+HDPE film processing group was slower than that in the normal group (<0.05). In the sensory evaluation, the preference was increased in the low temperature storage processing group as the maturation period was increased (<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2016

We investigated the diversity pattern of spring moths across two regions of South Korea, Yongin city (middle part) and Muan gun (southern part) and the effects of climatic variables on moth species richness and abundance. Moths were weekly collected using UV light trap in April from 2013 to 2015. Climatic factors included growth degree day with base temperature 8 (GDD8), average temperature, precipitation, duration of sunshine, wind speed, and snow cover. The climatic effects on moth species richness and abundance were analyzed by short (0~3 weeks before collecting) and long (4~12 weeks before collecting) time periods, respectively. The diversity of spring moths showed the similar pattern of species composition at family level. However the dominant family differed depending on the region: Geometridae at middle part and Noctuidae at southern part. In addition the dominant species of Noctuidae occurred early in April and that of Geometridae moths occurred later in April. Three short-term climatic factors, GDD8, duration of sunshine, and precipitation one week before collecting were significant on moth species richness and abundance, while only one long-term climatic factor, temperature four weeks before collecting was significantly affected on moth species richness. We found that both Geometridae and Noctuidae were dominant in spring moth fauna across South Korea and they were different in the dominance and flying time in April. The occurrences of spring moths were largely affected by warmness and precipitation. The current global warming could affect the occurrence of spring moths and this should be monitored consistently.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.529-541
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• 2009

Hydrochemical, stable isotopic ($\delta^{18}O$ and dD) and noble gas isotopic analyses of seven hot spring water samples, eleven groundwater samples and six surface water samples collected from the Icheon and Pocheon area were carried out to find out hydrochemical characteristics, and to interpret the source of noble gases and the geochemical evolution of the hot spring waters. The hot spring waters show low temperature type ranging from 21.5 to $31.4^{\circ}C$ and the pH value between 6.69 and 9.21. Electrical conductivity of hot spring waters has the range from 310 to $735\;{\mu}S/cm$. Whereas the hot spring water in the Icheon area shows the geochemical characteristics of neutral pH, the $Ca-HCO_3$(or $Ca(Na)-HCO_3$) chemical type and a high uranium content, the hot spring water in the Pocheon area shows the characteristics of alkaline pH, the $Na-HCO_3$ chemical type and a high fluorine content. These characteristics indicate that the hot spring water in the Icheon area is under the early stage in the geochemical evolution, and that the hot spring water in the Pocheon area has been geochemically evolved. The $\delta^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ values of hot spring waters show the range of $-10.1{\sim}-8.69%o$ and from $-72.2{\sim}-60.8%o$, respectively, and these values supply the information of the recharge area of hot spring waters. The $^3He/^4He$ ratios of the hot spring waters range from $0.09\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ to $0.65\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ which are plotted above the mixing line between air and crustal components. Whereas the helium gas in the Icheon hot spring water was mainly provided from the atmospheric source mixing with the mantle(or magma) origin, the origin of helium gas in the Pocheon hot spring water shows a dominant crustal source. $^{40}Ar/^{36}Ar$ ratios of hot spring water are in the range of an atmosphere source.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of quality and yield in potatoes grown at paddy field before rice transplantation during the spring season. Three potato cultivars ('Jowon', 'Haryeong', and 'Goun') were grown in Gangneung (asl 5 m) and Seocheon (asl 20 m). In both locations, weather condition belonged to the fourth zone (spring cropping) in potato production location's distribution of Korea. Daily mean soil temperature in both the locations was $0.2-0.6^{\circ}C$ lower than air temperature, while soil moisture was adequate level to potato growth in spite of spring drought. TR ratio was not affected by location, but by cultivar. Specific gravity, starch content, dry matter rate, and yield were significantly influenced by location and by cultivar. There was no difference in total tuber number by location, however there was a large gap in marketable tuber yield according to locations and cultivars. There were high negative relationships between yield and main qualities such as dry matter rate and starch content, while high positive correlation was observed between main qualities. It was possible to produce potato before rice transplanting at drained paddy fields located in representative two locations of potato spring cropping and their characteristics in growth and quality were similar to those generally well known in upland cultivation. Paddy field was thought to be more favorable than upland in terms of available soil moisture supply against spring drought. Further research, however, was needed to increase soil temperature and also preliminary review on proper cultivar according to location seemed to be needed for high yield.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2016

This work investigates the performances of active hood lift system(AHLS) activated by two different operating methods through the experimental test. In the AHLS, the deployment time of the system and decrement of pedestrian injury are the most important factors for the pedestrian safety during the pedestrian-vehicle impact. After introducing the working principle of AHLS using spring actuator and gunpowder actuator, the deployment time of AHLS and decrement of pedestrian injury are evaluated by the experimental test. It has been identified that the gunpowder actuator can provide a faster deploying time of AHLS.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.540-543
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• 2007

We have investigated the vegetation in the peninsula located in Ongjeong-Li Seomyeon in Youngweol-gun. Since this is a limestone area, boxtrees, Abelia mosanensis T. H. Chung ex Nakai, and Selaginella stauntoniana Spring were abundant, as these are types of vegetation characteristic of limestone areas. Pinus densiflora S. et Z. was the most dominant woody plant, but vegetational changes, such as the dominance of Quercus variabilis Blume, Quercus dentata Thunb, and Quercus mongolica Fischer, were observed in spots. In particular, the growth of nursery plants of pinus densiflora S. et Z. was not observed, and young trees like Quercus mongolica Fischer grow as low vegetation of Pinus densiflora S. et Z.. Thus, the ecological succession of Quercus mongolica Fischer is predicted. Outside the investigation area, as herbaceous plants, various vegetations were observed, including Selaginella stauntoniana Spring, Thalictrum coreanum H. Lev., Mukdenia rossii(Oliv.) Koidz., Platanthera freynii Kraenzl., Cephalanthera longibracteata Blume, Potentilla dickinsii Franch., Patrinia rupestris(Pall.) Juss., Swertia pseudochinensis H. Hara, Vicia venosa(Willd.) Maxim., Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef., Disporum smilacinum A. Gray, Artemisia stolonifera(Maxim.) Kom. for. Stolonifera, Smilax nipponica Miq., Adenophora triphylla var. japonica(Regel) H. Hara, Isodon inflexus(Thunb.) Kudo, Gentiana scabra Bunge for. Scabra, Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum(Miq.) Ohwi, Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb., Syneilesis palmata(Thunb.) Maxim., Asparagus schoberioides Kunth, Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray, Galium kinuta Nakai & Hara, Saxifraga fortunei var. incisolobata, Lilium amabile Palib., Siberian iris, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Atractylodes ovata(Thunb.) DC., and Lysimachia clethroides Duby.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological impact of wetlands by changing the species diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and birds following the creation of an artificial wetland with a size of 30 m*30 m on bare land in reclaimed land in Haenam-gun, Korea. We investigated monthly fauna of benthic macroinvertebrates and birds in and outside wetlands and physicochemical indicators for 7 months from March to September 2014. During the study period, the water temperature and dissolved oxygen levels were consistently higher in wetlands than lakes. Many species of benthic macroinvertebrates were observed in summer (16 species in July) due to seasonal effects, and the species diversity index was highest in July and then gradually decreased. Thirteen species of birds were observed in March, 6 species in April, 5 species in July, and 1 species in June, where most winter birds and migratory birds were observed around wetlands in spring. The species diversity index also decreased after being high in July except for spring. This suggests that the abiotic environment in the wetland can be improved by creating an artificial wetland in the reclaimed land, and the increase in benthic macroinvertebrates can ultimately be a basic direction to restore the wetland ecosystem in the reclaimed land.