• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2002

Procedures to establish well-balanced development and effectiveness of environmental impact assessment need include various stakeholder's participation in writing and reviewing document of environmental impact assessment, collecting public opinion, and post monitoring. Accordingly, to encourage effective and efficient collection of resident's opinion analyze present conditions and problems and suggest institutional and politic alternative proposals of it. This study resulted in following conclusions. In institutional aspects, (1) Proposal for drafting document of environmental impact assessment (2) Composition of committee for collecting and regulating stakeholder's opinion (3) Width of civil participation scale. In politic aspects, (1) Use of local community (2) Guide of local information from local society and environmental specialist (3) Understandable document and data of environmental impact assessment (4) Strength of roles and duties of local government.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

The goal of this study is to investigate the ergonomic factors in designing or selecting the hand tool handle. Electromyogram (EMG) were measured for various wrist postures and handle sizes under two loading conditions. Anthropometric data were measured and the correlation with EMG measurement data were analyzed. Investigations of this study show that wrist posture should be neutral for minimum muscle tension and optimum handle size can be found by measuring the EMG measurement data. It show that hand width and EMG measurement data is greatly correlated also. This study can be a guide of designing or selecting a hand tool, but further study with large sample sizes and various groups is needed for making general conclusion.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1973

Since 1967 the Towing Tank of Inha University has been planed constracted and was completed 1971. The size of the tank is 79m length, 5m width 3m depth. At one end of the tank, 18kw wave maker is installed which can produce regular and irregular waves, max. 6m length 40cm height. The towing carriage is driven by four 2.2kw motor and reuglated by electronic speed regulator, and it's max. towing speed is 2.5m/sec, resistance dynamometer and some other instruments including clamp, towing guide etc. are designed and made by us. Here under, the authors wish to give some details of facilities and calibrated performance of the towing carriage, wave maker and resistance measuring system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.599-605
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• 2009

This paper presents a numerical evaluation of the flow rate of air conditioner outdoor unit by investigating the effects of fan location and shroud shape. To determine optimal design parameters, we investigated the exhaust flow rate by changing shroud height, fan height, fan guide height, and fan width. The 3rd order central composite design was performed to select three most important parameters affecting the exhaust flow rate. According to the result of response surface method, the exhaust flow rate of the optimum model increased by 6.25% compared to that of the base model.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.33.1-33.7
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• 2019

Background: The concept of the ideal morphology for the alveolar bone form is an important element to reconstruct or restore the in maximizing esthetic profile and functional alveolar bone restoration. The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the normal alveolar bone structure to provide the standard reference and guide template for use in diagnosing for implant placement, determining the correct amount of bone augmentation in actual clinical practice and producing prostheses based on three-dimensional imaging assessment of alveolar bone. Methods: This study was included 11 men and 11 women (average age, 22.6 and 24.5 years, respectively) selected from among 127 patients. The horizontal widths of alveolar bone of maxilla and mandible were measured at the crestal, mid-root, and root apex level on MDCT (multi-detector computed tomography) images reconstructed by medical imaging software. In addition, tooth dimensions of the central incisors, canines, second premolars, and first molars of maxilla and mandible, including the horizontal width of the interdental alveolar bone crest, were also measured and statistically analyzed. Results: The horizontal alveolar bone width of the palatal side of maxilla showed a distinct increment from the alveolar bone crest to the apical region in both anterior and posterior areas. The average widths of the maxillary alveolar ridge were as follows: central incisor, 7.43 mm; canine, 8.91 mm; second premolar, 9.57 mm; and first molar, 12.38 mm. The average widths of the mandibular alveolar ridge were as follows: central incisor, 6.21 mm; canine, 8.55 mm; second premolar, 8.45 mm; and first molar, 10.02 mm. In the buccal side, the alveolar bone width was not increased from the crest to the apical region. The horizontal alveolar bone width of an apical and mandibular border region was thinner than at the mid-root level. Conclusions: The results of the preliminary study are useful as a clinical guideline when determining dental implant diameter and position. And also, these measurements can also be useful during the production of prefabricated membranes and customized alveolar bone scaffolds.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2023

The Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute is currently evaluating spirometry tests used for worker health examinations by applying the 2005 American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) spirometric test standardization guide and reviewing the application of the 2019 ATS/ERS guide. To compare results obtained using the new evaluation criteria with previous results and determine whether it is appropriate to apply them to Korean workers' health examinations, we reviewed spirometry results from 325 special health examination institutions. Although evaluation criteria such as extrapolation volume, correction error, and forced inspiratory vital capacity were applied more strictly, institutions had higher reliability scores. Primarily because the acceptability and repeatability of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity were judged separately, and thus, deduction width was reduced. The study shows that adopting the new evaluation criteria would reduce the possible use of inappropriate data, increase tester and doctor understanding of result selection and interpretation, increase result reliability, and reduce the testing burden.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.694-701
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• 2018

Larger crack widths can be observed more in FRP-reinforced concrete members than in steel-reinforced concrete members as a result of the lower elastic modulus and bond strength of FRP reinforcement. The ACI 440.1R-15 design guide provides equations derived as the maximum bar spacing to control the crack widths indirectly. On the other hand, it is not concerned with long-term effects on the crack control design provisions. This study provides suggestions for how to incorporate time-dependent effects into the crack width equation. The work presented herein includes the results from 8 beams composed of four rectangular and T-shaped FRP-reinforced concrete beams tested for one year under four-point bending. Over a one year period, the crack widths increased as much as 2.6~3.0 times in GFRP and AFRP-reinforced specimens and 1.1~1.4 times in the CFRP-reinforced specimens compared to steel-reinforced specimens. In addition, the average multiple for crack width at one year relative to the instantaneous crack width upon the application of the sustained load was 2.4 in the specimens with a rectangular section and 3.1 in the specimens with a T-shaped section. As a result, it is recommended conservatively that the time-dependent coefficient be taken as 2.5 for the rectangular beams and 3.5 for T-beams.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2008

In this paper, we proposed the new rectangular waveguide-NRD waveguide transition in which the transition function about the standard waveguide is built in within the NRD waveguide ifself. The newly proposed rectangular waveguide-NRD waveguide transition was realized use of NRD waveguide input/output side wall thickness and hole width. In the case of the wall thickness, it was nearly identical with the half of the NRD waveguide guide wavelength and the width of an hole was nearly coincide with the length of the long side of the standard waveguide connected with the NRD waveguide. This kind of the principles is applicable to be unrelated with the frequency band. In this paper, it made in 38 GHz band with the rectangular waveguide-NRD waveguide transition and the feasibility was confirmed. In the back-to-back structure, the rectangular waveguide-NRD waveguide transition manufactured in 38 GHz band has the insertion loss less than 0.4 dB and also has the return loss less than 20 dB.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2014

The construction of roads, tunnels, and bridges results in changes to the local terrain that may influence the ground safety factor, which represents the stability of geotechnical structures. In this study, we assessed construction sites that had collapsed as a result of terrain change, and then simulated variation in the ground safety factor with respect to terrain change caused by road construction. We assumed steep slopes to simulate changes in terrain in a mountainous area and assumed that earthworks took place for road construction by cutting a platform into the slope and altering the slope angle of the terrain both above and below the road. We calculated values of the ground safety factor through a stability analysis of the slope both above and below the road, and examined the variation in the safety factor of the above- and below-road slopes with respect to changes in road width. We found that if the slope angle was the same above and below the road, then the change in the ground safety factor during/after road construction occurred in the slope below the road, and if the slope angle above the road differed from that below, then the change occurred in both the above- and below-road slopes. Furthermore, the ground safety factor was essentially constant for road widths exceeding 2-6 m, depending on both above- and below-road slope angle. The findings of this study can be used to guide the management of construction sites and to assess changes in ground stability during road construction work, particularly in the early stages of earthworks, when the road width is narrow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.596-599
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• 2004

The robotic $CO_2$ welding is a manufacturing process to produce high quality joints for metal and it could provide a capability of full automation to enhance productivity. Despite the widespread use in the various manufacturing industries, the full automation of the robotic $CO_2$ welding has not yet been achieved partly because the mathematical model for the process parameters of a given welding task is not fully understood and quantified. Several mathematical models to control welding quality, productivity, microstructure and weld properties in arc welding processes have been studied. However, it is not an easy task to apply them to the various practical situations because the relationship between the process parameters and the bead geometry is non-linear and also they are usually dependent on the specific experimental results. Practically, it is difficult, but important to know how to establish a mathematical model that can predict the result of the actual welding process and how to select the optimum welding condition under a certain constraint. In this research, an attempt has been made to develop an intelligent algorithm to predict the weld geometry (top-bead width, top-bead height, back-bead width and back-bead height) as a function of key process parameters in the robotic $CO_2$welding. To achieve this above objective, Taguchi method was employed using five different process parameters (tip gap, gas flow rate, welding speed, arc current, welding voltage) as a guide for optimization of process parameters.