• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.554-557
• /
• 1999

This paper represent about design of the controller for battery of Guide-Eye Sign Lamp with traffic auxiliary system for power supply using solar cell. Simulation is represents V-I and power characteristic by Mathematical & Design Center 6.3 & Qnet 2.1. This system is successfully operating with high clearness lights.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 2014

This study investigates the methodology to evaluate the quantified performance of pavement markings and traffic guide signs using digital images. This methodology is significant to attempt to quantify their performance without large brightness photometer at the nighttime and bad weather. The retroreflective performance of pavement markings are evaluated through the contrast of gray levels of pavements and markings in collected digital images under the case of rain, dampness, and dryness. In addition, the appraisal of retroreflective performance of traffic guide signs are implemented through the comparison between interior illuminated and the existing retroreflective traffic guide signs using the contrast of luminance extracted from the value of RGB of backgrounds and legends in collected digital images according to geometric design, driving lanes, and the distance between the car and the sign. As a result, the retroreflective performance of pavement markings deteriorates about 3.5 times and 2 times under the case of rain and dampness respectively than dryness. Also, the performance of the existing traffic guide signs is significantly influenced by geometric design, driving lanes, and the distance, otherwise interior illuminated traffic guide signs. This methodology can be utilized to construct objective information of performance of traffic safety facilities to select appropriate position of expensive high reflective pavement markings and interior illuminated traffic guide signs considering diverse weather and geometric design.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2007

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.629-636
• /
• 2017

Urban railway are the most widely used means of transportation in the metropolitan area. It is difficult to draw out problems through the quantitative analysis technique because most of the research results show that most of the guide signs are installed with many or few guide signs. In this study, we propose a method to evaluate the information load and proper installation location at the main decision point in the transfer passageway for Suseo Station by applying Positive Guidance. As a result of analyzing the information load using this technique, it is suggested that the necessary information should be provided centered on the copper node because it provides confusion of the users by providing the same information in the transfer line. It is necessary to obtain guidance on how to remove the sign (advertising, high ceilings, etc). The study will be regarded as a key for the basis and placement of the guidelines for determining the appropriateness of the in the future urban railway station sign guide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.101-120
• /
• 1991

The Subject of this research work is to study the driver's vision and eye-movement ch-aracteristics under the diffrent condiction of road traffic and driving. The analysis of this investigation was conducted spatially or temporaly into three parts'eye-mark distribution, viewing-time percentage and fixation duration. This dissertation focuses on analysis of dr-iver's visual characteristics to improve road circumstamces. In this study driver's ch-aracteristics are measured with eye-mark recorder and analyzed statistically The main features of this study are : 1st Duration distribution of fixation point is significant in 87% at 5% of the significant level in Gamma Distribution. The average of fixation duration by road are 0.33sec on streets 0.45sec on Roads and 0.86sec on highways. The average of fixation duration by visual objects are 0.4sec on road surface 0.26sec on road shoulder 0.49sec on traffic sign 0.37sec on warning sign and 0.67sex on gwide sign. 2st Moving anglrs of a fixation point are fit in the Exponential Distribution. The average moving angle is appeared to be 3.85。 on streets 2.81。 on roads 2.73。 on highway and 5 。 on intersecyion. 3st As a result of examining alignment of guide and warning sign in traffic signs cxisting foundation methods are less affected by lane than by apeed of a vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.324-327
• /
• 2011

The design requirement for ground mounted sign structures are fairly well defined in the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals and consists of applying an equivalent pseudo-dynamic loading to account for the dynamic effects of wind loads and ignores the dynamic effect due to moving vehicle loads. This design approach, however, should not be applied to the design of bridge mounted sign structures because ignoring the dynamic effects of the moving vehicle loads may produce non-conservative results, since the stiffness of the bridge structure can greatly influence the behavior. Not enough information is available in the literatures which provide guide lines to include the influence of moving vehicles in the design of the bridge mounted sign structures. This paper describes a theoretical methodology, Bridge-Vehicle Interaction Element, which can be utilized to account for the dynamic effect of moving vehicles. A case study is also included where this methodology was successfully applied. It was concluded that the bridge-vehicle interaction finite element developed can provide a more accurate representation of the behavior of bridge mounted sign structures. The result of these analysis enabled development of simple and effective retrofitting scheme for the existing support system of bridge-mounted-structure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.915-926
• /
• 2017

The subway is the transportation means most commonly used by the citizens of the metropolitan area along with the buses in the metropolitan area and major metropolitan municipalities. However, satisfaction with the signboards is low and the signboards need to be improved. In this study, we investigated the problem of guide signs of city hall and exchange area with L - shaped history structure for guide signs affecting route finding. As a result, it is necessary to confirm whether the moving distance is long and moving accurately to the desired destination due to the L - shaped historical structure in both the station and the alternate area. In both stations, the number of the guide signs, Problems such as installation position, height, other. In this study, the movement within the subway station is classified according to the space. The type of guide sign installation was defined, and the specific principles for guiding the movement route were proposed. This research is expected to be useful as an important basic data for the types and layout of subway stations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2010

Due to the recent emergence of global warming concerns, the UN has made the issue of climate change its top priority. Accordingly, Korea has announced a new national master plan titled, 'Participation in global efforts in climate change through -Low Carbon, Green Growth-'. As part of the plan, the constructions of bicycle path networks are being pushed forward. Although the building of bicycle paths and infrastructure is being implemented, little consideration has been given for bicycle path signage. This essay is the study of methodology in the installation of signs on bicycle paths. The research includes a theoretical study of the standard and installation position of signs with consideration of the geometry of bicycles as well issues such as the distance required for the bicyclist to recognize and understand the road sign and to take actions like stopping, In addition, experimental verification of the test results has been carried out. Also, the test on height of signs by changing the installation heights according to a bicyclist's forward vision angle has been conducted.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we present Emergency exit signs are installed to provide escape routes or ways in buildings like shopping malls, hospitals, industry, and government complex, etc. and various other places for safety purpose to aid people to escape easily during emergency situations. In case of an emergency situation like smoke, fire, bad lightings and crowded stamped condition at emergency situations, it's difficult for people to recognize the emergency exit signs and emergency doors to exit from the emergency building areas. This paper propose an automatic emergency exit sing recognition to find exit direction using a smart device. The proposed approach aims to develop an computer vision based smart phone application to detect emergency exit signs using the smart device camera and guide the direction to escape in the visible and audible output format. In this research, a CAMShift object tracking approach is used to detect the emergency exit sign and the direction information extracted using template matching method. The direction information of the exit sign is stored in a text format and then using text-to-speech the text synthesized to audible acoustic signal. The synthesized acoustic signal render on smart device speaker as an escape guide information to the user. This research result is analyzed and concluded from the views of visual elements selecting, EXIT appearance design and EXIT's placement in the building, which is very valuable and can be commonly referred in wayfinder system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.348-355
• /
• 2022

Objectives: To compare the vital sign stability and cost of two commonly used sedatives, midazolam (MDZ) and dexmedetomidine (DEX). Patients and Methods: This retrospective study targeted patients who underwent mandibular third molar extractions under intravenous sedation using MDZ or DEX. The predictor variable was the type of sedative used. The primary outcome variables were vital signs (heart rate and blood pressure), vital sign outliers, and cost of the sedatives. A vital sign outlier was defined as a 30% or more change in vital signs during sedation; the fewer changes, the higher the vital sign stability. The secondary outcome variables included the observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale, level of amnesia, patient satisfaction, and bispectral index score. Covariates were sex, age, body mass index, sleeping time, dental anxiety score, and Pederson scale. Descriptive statistics were computed including propensity score matching (PSM). The P-value was set at 0.05. Results: The study enrolled 185 patients, 103 in the MDZ group and 82 in the DEX group. Based on the data after PSM, the two samples had similar baseline covariates. The sedative effect of both agents was satisfactory. Heart rate outliers were more common with MDZ than with DEX (49.3% vs 22.7%, P=0.001). Heart rate was higher with MDZ (P=0.000). The cost was higher for DEX than for MDZ (29.27±0.00 USD vs 0.37±0.04 USD, P=0.000). Conclusion: DEX showed more vital sign stability, while MDZ was more economical. These results could be used as a reference to guide clinicians during sedative selection.