• 복식
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to research Korean Jowoo-Guan and Chinese Hal-Guan and study transition and symbolism of the birds feather in the cap. The culture of ancient Korea was influenced by North Asia prior to the influence of the Chinese culture, One of the remarkable thing, as the cultural factor of North Asia is the birds worship thought. Korean Jowoo-Guan was derived from the birds worship thought. So in dealing with the plume of Korean Jowoo-Guan, we must recognize Worship to the bird and the symbolical meaning of the bird. The results of study was as follow. 1. Korean Jowoo-Guan was influenced worship to the sun, so it's wearing symbolized the governing class. As the Social development and governing class, the feathering cap was developed to a gold crown, and also the gold crown of Samguk times had been influenced style of North Asia culture. But afterwards the symbolical meaning of the bird was waning, only decorative meaning was remained. 2. Chinese Hal-Guan was warn in Joo-dynasty, but the symbolism of the plume in the cap was not similar to Korean Jowoo-Guan. Chinese Hal-Guan was symbolized bravery of superfluous soldier than Worship to the bird. But afterwards the symbolical meaning of bravery of superfluous soldier was waning, only decorative moaning was remained. 3. Though neighbor countries have mutually influenced and have similar cultural style, they have symbolism of themselves

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2007

Mu-Guan(武冠) is a headgear of northern nomadic people's costume, Ho-Bok(胡服). It became a part of Chinese(中原) Costume through the adoption of Ho-Bok(胡服) by King Muryong(武寧王) of Kingdom of Cho(趙). Chinese(中原人) did not use it as the formal costume of high class but the Costume military or low-level classes because Chinese(中原人) reguad it as a practical costume only for low-level classes. In this process, Mu-Guan(武冠) and it's clothes had got changed. It became high in shape by an influence Hsien-pi(鮮卑族)'s headgear and became generous in it's going with clothes for Chinese(中原) Costume. It needs to attend that Mu-Guan(武冠) could be found in Koguryo(高句麗)'s mural paintings. Mu-Guan(武冠) of Koguryo(高句麗) had kept the same pattern from middle of 4C to late of 5C. Actually Koguryo(高句麗)'s Mu-Guan(武冠) was similar with Han(漢) dynasty's, but It was quite different from Qin(晉) or Wei(北魏) dynasty's which belong to same period with Koguryo(高句麗)'s. It is possible to guess at Koguryo(高句麗) advanced Mu-Guan(武冠) as their own. Koguryo(高句麗) could be aware of 'Changed Mu-Guan(武冠)'. Because there are frequent diplomatic event between Koguryo(高句麗) and Chiese Dynasties, Barbarian Dynasties. Moreover the guess have persuasion by the existence of 'Changed Mu-Guan(武冠)'in Jee-an(集安) district's mural painting as a Costume of holy person. In brief, It could be noticed that Koguryo(高句麗)'s Mu-Guan(武冠) is distinguished from Chinese and Barbarian dynasties' and Koguryo(高句麗) advanced Mu-Guan(武冠) in their own style.

• 복식
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the character and costume of the long-guan clay figures that were excavated in Bu-yeo Jeong-lim Buddist temple foundation. For this, we first examine the Chinese official uniforms with long-guan, classify the types of long-guan, and then investigate the costume that is worn with long-guan. There are three types of long-guan in China, and that of the clay figures in Jeong-lim Buddist temple foundation is of type 1. Therefore, the characters of the clay figures are woman servants, and their costume is either blouse-and-trousers or blouse-and-skirt.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.385-394
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• 2001

Tough study of movement of Tae-Geuk-Guan(太極拳), we understand Tae-Geuk-Guan(太極拳) & essential movement. Theory about creator of Tae-Geuk-Guan(太極拳) is indistinct. there are Jangsampung-theory(張三豊設), Wangjongak-theory(王宗岳設), Jinwangjung-theory(陳王廷設), Jinbok-theory(陳卜設). Tae-Geuk-Guan(太極拳) is military arts developed before Song empire(宋). Tae-Geuk-Guan(太極拳) has many branch.(Jin-sik陳式, Yang-sik楊式, Mu-sik武式 O-sik吳式, Son-sik孫式) Tae-Geuk-Guan'(太極拳) manual movement use fist(拳), palm(掌), hook shape(鉤) and its using form has many type like Bung, Yi, Jae, An, Chae, Yul, Ju, Go. Its gait has many type like Sang-bo(上步), Tae-bo(退步), Jin-bo(進步), Deng-gak, Bun-gak(分脚), Bak-gak(拍脚). Essential theory of Tae-Geuk-Guan(太極拳) is Yi-Sim-Hang-Gi(以心行氣) & Yi-Gi-Un-Sin(以氣運身). It means mind(心) moves qi(氣) and qi(氣) moves body(身).

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1997년도 Proceedings of KIN-CIN Joint Symposium 97 on Safety of Shipping and History of Maritime Communication between Korea and China around 9th Century
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• pp.175-183
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• 1997

The Jiao Guan Ship was a sea ship, used by Zhang Baogao, the Silla great sea merchant, in the marine trade with china during the 8th cetury A.D. and the 9th century A.D. Studying on the Ship type of the Jiao Guan Ship is the urgent problem to be solved, in the sphere of learning abuot the history of communication between China and Korea. The authors take the initial probe into this subject , by researching Zhang Baogao's marie activities, and point out that the Jiao Guan Ship's original type should be the Sha Ship which was the sea ship sailing the sea in northern China , in the tang Dynasty. At the same time, the authors estimate the constructions and equipment of the ship.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

This preliminary study examines historical background of construction, establishment process, and destroy process for the Goryeo-sa-haeng-guan in Myeong-Ju during the Song Dynasty. The research was conducted based on local journals at that time. The Myeong-Ju is one of the famous port cities for marine trade. The Myeong-Ju had a good relationship with the Goryeo. Especially, the Song Dynasty built the Goryo-sa-haeng-guan for Goryeo envoys and traders to maintained a good partnership with Goryeo. A comprehensive review on records and historical issues of the Goryeo-sa-haeng-guan helps us to understand foreign policy and inter-relationship between Korean and China.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.94-113
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• 2013

동관왕묘(東關王廟)는 중국 촉(蜀)나라의 장수 관우(關羽)를 모신 사당이다. 이러한 사당이 우리나라에 세워지기 시작한 것은 1598년 정유재란 때부터이다. 당시 조선에 파병된 명나라 장수들은 관우의 힘으로 일본의 침략을 막아내길 염원하면서 그들의 주둔지마다 관왕묘를 세웠다. 임진왜란이 끝난 후 중국 명나라 황제와 조선의 국왕은 외세를 물리치려는 의지로 관왕묘를 세우고자 하였다. 1599년 8월 조선 정부는 '동관왕묘조성청' 이라는 관청을 임시로 설치하고 인력과 물력을 총동원하였다. 명나라 기술자의 감독 아래 연 2,400명의 조선 장인과 역군(役軍)들이 중국 제저우(解州) 관제묘(關帝廟)를 본으로 삼아 영건하여 3년 뒤인 1602년 봄에 동관왕묘를 완공하였다. 한 중 기술자가 협력하여 세웠기 때문에 관왕묘의 정전 건축과 내부 구조 및 조각상에는 양국의 양식이 반영되어 있다. 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 동관왕묘 내부에는 7기의 조각상이 서 있다. 관우상 1기는 금동상이며, 나머지 6기는 소조상 위에 채색한 것이다. 이들 조각상들은 1602년에 만들어졌고, 관우와 그를 배위하는 관평(關平) 주창(周倉) 조루(趙累) 왕보(王甫)는 삼국시대에 실존했던 인물들의 초상조각이었다. 하지만 그들의 복식은 관우를 추숭하던 당송대에 확립된 도상을 따르고 있었으며, 세부적으로는 명대적 요소와 조선적 배치가 절충되어 있었다. 이로 미루어 송대 이후 확산된 <의용무안왕(義勇武安王)> 판화의 도상이나 명나라 만력황제가 1593년 조영한 제저우 관제묘의 명대 관우 도상이 동관왕묘를 제작할 때 직접 영향을 끼쳤을 것으로 여겨진다. 하지만 현재 동관왕묘와 비교되는 중국 제저우 관제묘의 경우 건축과 조각상이 모두 청대 18~19세기에 중건된 것이기 때문에 직접적인 비교는 어렵다. 오히려 그렇기 때문에 동관왕묘의 조각상은 17세기 초 한 중 관왕묘 중에서 제작시기가 가장 이른 예로서 당시의 원형을 지니고 있다는 점, 한 중 기술자의 합작으로 규모가 매우 크다는 점, 금동으로 만든 관우상은 유일하다는 점, 문무 배위상을 각 1쌍씩 마주 배열하여 조선왕릉의 석인 배치와 친연성이 있다는 점 등 여러 면에서 미술사적 가치가 매우 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2001

Tae-Geuk-Guan'(太極拳) Tae-Geuk(太極) is arranged Yum-Yang-O-Hang(陰陽五行) and created from Mu-geuk(無極). Mu-geuk(無極) means great chaos. Jin-sik Tae-Geuk-Guan(陳式太極拳) has tenth essential theory. There are Li(理), Qi(氣), Samjul(三節), Sacho(四稍), Ojang(五臟), Samhap(三合), Yukjin(六進), Sinbup(身法), Bobup(步法), Gangyou(剛柔). Li(理) is Rules of all things. Qi(氣) is body. Body is divided into Samjul(三節), Sacho(四稍). Ojang(五臟) is inside body and make human'body and Qi(氣). Samhap(三合) is union of mind & intention, Qi & power, muscle & bone. Yukjin(六進) is movement of body. Sinbup(身法) has Chong(縱), Hoeng(橫), Ko(高), Jeo(低), Jin(進), Toe(退), Ban(反), Chuk(側). Bobup(步法) has Jin(進), Toe(退), Ban(反), Chuk(側). Yang-sik Tae-Geuk-Guan(揚式太極拳) has tenth essential theo. There are Songyo, Heolungjungkyung(虛靈頂勁), Hamhungbalbae(含胸拔背), Chimgyunsuju, Bunheosil(分虛實), Yongeuibulyonglyuk(用意不用力), Sanghasangsu(上下相隨), Naeoeisanghap(內外相合), Sangyunbudan(相連不斷), Dongchungguchung(動中求靜).

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of Nei-Guan acupressure on nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic prostatectomy with intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA). Methods: Data were collected between August 13, 2012 and January 31, 2013 at a hospital in Busan. The participants were 45 men, who underwent the surgery laparoscopic prostatectomy, with IV-PCA. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, repeated measures ANCOVA and Games-Howell test with PASW 18.0. Results: Nei-Guan acupressure had an interaction effect on nausea between group and time (F=5.01, p<.001), group (F=10.80, p<.001), time (F=26.51, p<.001) in laparoscopic prostatectomy with IV-PCA and also an interaction effect on vomiting between group and time (F=2.77, p=.032), group (F=8.89, p=.001), time (F=4.01, p=.022). Conclusion: Results indicate that nei-guan acupressure is a potentially effective therapy for the prevention of nausea and vomiting which occur with IV-PCA. Therefore, if patients complain of nausea and vomiting when receiving IV-PCA, nurses can provide patients with information about nei-guan acupressure and help them with nausea and vomiting.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Purpose: This study tested the effects of Nei-Guan acupressure on nausea, vomiting, and anorexia of lung cancer patients on chemotherapy. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used to identify the effect of Nei-Guan acupressure on nausea, vomiting, and anorexia of lung cancer patients on chemotherapy. The participants were 60 patients who were admitted to a hospital for chemotherapy from February 1 to October 28, 2009. The patients were randomly assigned to the control group (n=30) or experimental group (n=30). The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were significantly decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group on the day of discharge from the hospital. However, the levels of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia between two groups were not statistically significant seven days after the discharge. Conclusions: Nei-Guan acupressure is effective in decreasing nausea, vomiting and anorexia of the patients with lung cancer on chemotherapy on the on the day of the discharge while the effectiveness is not certain 7 days after the discharge. Further study is needed to confirm these findings.