• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Korean ginseng extracts and their fractions on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevsiae and Saccharomyces uvamm, their glucose consumption and alcohol production. The growth of both yeasts were stimulated by ginseng extracts and their water soluble fractions, but were supressed by ether extracts and an n-butanol extracts. Their growth were enhanced considerably by low molecular weight fractions (< 1,000) in water solubles. Similar results were also obtained with glucose consumption by yeasts. Substances increasing the growth and glucose consumption by yeasts proved to be a low molecular weight fractions (<1,000) in water solubles not saponins. The production of n-propyl alcohol by yeast was enhanced by adding ginseng extracts into the media, but that of ism-butyl alcohol was suppressed at same condition.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2005

Compositae plants are known to contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to agricultural crops as well as weed species. Aqueous or methanol extracts and plant residues from leaves of Xanthium occidentale were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to determine its allelopathic effects, and the results showed that the extracts applied onto filter paper significantly inhibited seed germination as well as root growth of alfalfa. Aqueous leaf extracts of $40g\;L^{-1}$ were completely inhibitory on root growth of alfalfa, while root growths of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were less sensitive. Leaf residue incorporation at $100g\;kg^{-1}$ into soil on seedling growth of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi) inhibited both shoot and root fresh weights of barnyard grass by 94 and $96\%$, respectively. Methanol extracts from BuOn and EtOAc fractions of X. occidentale reduced alfalfa root growth more than did those from hexane and water fractions. The results based on bioassay of extracts and residues show that X. occidentale had potent an allelopathic activity against other plant species.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.471-475
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• 1998

신생아 분변으로부터 장내세균 127균주를 분리하였다. 각각의 균주들의 배양균체를 검정종양세포들에 대해 항종양활성을 측정한 결과, 항종양활성을 나타내는 분리균주는 27균주였고, 그 중 비교적 강한 항종양활성을 보이는 균주는 5균주였으며, 5균주중 위암세포주, SNU-1에 선택적으로 강한 항종양활성을 나타내는 2B4-1 균주를 최종분리하였다. API 20 S system kit를 이용하여 분리 균주 2B4-1을 동정한 결과, Enterococcus faecalis와 99.9%의 % ID value를 나타내었다. 동정된 분리균주 2B4-1과 type strain, Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 775와의 생리생화학적 특성들을 비교해 본 결과, 온도별대 성장률, 내염성, 내산성, arabinose등의 당 이용성 및 통성혐기 상태에서의 생육 등에서는 일치된 결과를 나타내었으나 hippurate hydrolysis test의 음성반응 및 $\beta$-hemolysis test의 음성반응을 나타낸 것으로 보아 Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 775와 2가지의 다른 특성을 나타내었다. 따라서 분리균주 2B4-1은 Enterococus faecalis NCTC 775와는 약간의 특성이 다른 변종으로 확인되어 Enterococcus faecalis 2B4-1으로 동정하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2015

The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, the retention of nutrients and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of a worm leachate (WL) as a source of humic substances (HS) in the drinking water. In Exp. 1, 140 male broilers were penned individually and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water from 21 to 49 days of age. Water was offered in plastic bottles tied to the cage. In Exp. 2, 600 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age housed in floor pens were assigned to three levels of WL (0%, 10%, and 20%) mixed in the drinking water. The WL was mixed with tap water in plastic containers connected by plastic tubing to bell drinkers. The results of both experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts. In Exp. 1, the daily water consumption was similar among treatments but the consumption of humic, fulvic, and total humic acids increased linearly (p<0.01) as the WL increased in the drinking water. The feed conversion (p<0.01) and the ileal digestibility of energy, the excretion of dry matter and energy, the retention of dry matter, ash and nitrogen and the AMEn showed quadratic responses (p<0.05) relative to the WL levels in drinking water. In Exp. 2, the increasing level of WL in the drinking water had quadratic effects on the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The addition of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water had beneficial effects on the growth performance, ileal digestibility of energy, the retention of nutrients as well on the AMEn in broiler chickens; the best results were observed when the WL was mixed at levels of 20% to 30% in the drinking water.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.334-344
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• 1997

라일락 잎에 함유되어 있는 생리활성물질(生理活性物質)을 검정(檢定)코저 수행한 본 실험(實驗)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 침적과 Leaching법으로 추출(抽出)한 라일락 잎 수용 추출물의 식물 생육 억제효과를 검정해 본 결과, 바랭이와 상추의 발아율에 영향을 주었으며, 초장보다 뿌리에 더 큰 억제현상을 보여 1차적인 생리활성효과를 검정할 수 있었다. 2. 라일락 잎의 페놀, 그리고 폴리페놀성 성분을 분석한 결과, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid, pyrogallol 및 catechol의 높은 비율이 동정되었고, 폴리페놀성 물질로는 rutin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol 및 scopoletin 등이 각각 검정되었다. 3. 표준페놀물질인 pyrogallol과 catechol은 공시식물의 생육에 통계적으로 유의한 억제효과를 보였고, 특히 수용성인 pyrogallol $10^{-6}M$과 catechol의 혼합처리에서 억제효과가 크게 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

${\beta}$-agonists are anabolic compounds that promote fat loss and muscle gain, and their administration to livestock may provide economic benefits by increasing growth rate and feed efficiency. For these reasons, ${\beta}$-agonists are also commonly added to livestock feed as growth promoters. This can introduce a significant risk of secondary human poisoning through intake of contaminated meat. A new method for the simultaneous determination of three ${\beta}$-agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol) was developed in this study and applied to various meat samples. The limits of quantification, derived through a validation test following Codex guidelines, were $0.2{\mu}g/kg$ for clenbuterol and zilpaterol, and $0.4{\mu}g/kg$ for ractopamine. The average recoveries for clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol ranged from 109.1% to 118.3%, 95.3% to 109.0%, and 94.1% to 120.0%, respectively. The recovery and coefficient of variation (CV) values fell within the acceptable range according to the Codex guidelines. This method reduced the analysis time without decreasing detection efficiency by modifying the pretreatment steps. This method could be utilized to manage the safety of imported meat products from countries where zilpaterol use is still permitted, thereby improving public health and preventing ${\beta}$-agonist poisoning due to secondary contamination.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2018

Recently, the use of hazardous chemicals has been continuously increasing. Therefore, the international trade volume is growing and chemical accidents have increased. Nowadays, the safety awareness of the public has increased. As a result, the management and supervision of hazardous chemicals have been strengthened. However, the port policy of Korea has focused on increasing the volume of cargo through facility development. Thus, the port management of hazardous chemicals has been relatively neglected. For national economic growth and society, the port management of hazardous chemicals should be considered to efficiently ensure safety and economic growth. Therefore, this study assumed scenarios where hazardous materials were moved in a dangerous container, not only on appropriate wharfs but also in ports that were close to a big city. The BTX substances were selected among the toxic chemicals with large import and export volumes, and the risk distance and damage effects were predicted using various risk assessment programs. It is expected that this could be used to improve a port safety management system and could be utilized to determine the safety distance in case of an accident.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.548-561
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• 2020

Paecilomyces japonica is widely cultured to produce mycelium for medicinal and health food use. Illumination is an important factor in the growth and production of mycelium in submerged culture. The effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) combinations on the growth and cordycepin content as bioactive substances of mycelium were investigated. The results showed that the mycelium dry weights were lower under dark condition and red LED treatments. Dark condition, fluorescent light, and ultraviolet-A failed to increase the cordycepin content. Blue light was necessary to increase the cordycepin content, and a red-to-blue ratio of 3:7 induced the highest cordycepin content. The cordycepin contents of mycelium in submerged culture were significantly higher in a 12 h/day illumination time under red and blue (red-to-blue ratio of 3:7) LED treatments, showing an increase of up to 38% compared with those under the fluorescent-light control condition. The results demonstrated the roles of light with different wavelengths on the biosynthesis of cordycepin as bioactive substances. The low-heat release and replacement of traditional fluorescent lights with low-energy-consuming LEDs could increase the contents of bioactive substances. After optimization of the cordycepin production using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) to its canonical form, the optimum combination was found to be as follows: illumination time = 17.7 h/day, sugar content in the medium = 9.7 g/50 mL, and incubation time = 61.2 h. The model predicted a maximum response of 3779.2 ㎍/mL cordycepin yield.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1986

경기만 식물플랑크톤 생태에 영향을 미치는 광조건을 알기 위하여 광도, 보상 깊이, 소광계수, 투명도, 부유물질등이 조사 연구되었다. 봄부터 가을까지는 식물플 랑크톤성장에 적절한 광도를 유지하였으나 가을에는 플랑크톤 성장을 제한할 정도 의 낮은 광도를 보였다. 투명도 및 보상깊이도 계절적인 변화를 보여 동계에는 표 층하 1-2m내에 국한되었다. 소광계수는 만 전체에 전반적으로 높은 양상을 보이고 뚜렷한 계절변화를 보였다. 이와같은 낮은 광도, 낮은 보상깊이, 투명도, 높은 소광 계수는 경기만 내 특징인 높은 탁도와 높은 부유물질 농도에 기인된다. 특히 겨울 철의 나쁜 광조건은 조류와 북서계절풍에 의한 심한 수괴의 혼합으로 미세 퇴적물 의 재 부유 현상에 기인된 것으로 보인다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2023

Spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by Phoma medicaginis, is an issue in annual Medicago species. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the response to P. medicaginis infection in a collection of 46 lines of three annual Medicago species (M. truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha) showing different geographic distribution in Tunisia. The reaction in the host to the disease is explained by the effects based on plant species, lines nested within species, treatment, the interaction of species × treatment, and the interaction of lines nested within species × treatment. Medicago ciliaris was the least affected for aerial growth under infection. Furthermore, the largest variation within species was found for M. truncatula under both conditions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification showed that M. ciliaris lines formed a separate group under control treatment and P. medicaginis infection and they are the most vigorous in growth. These results indicate that M. ciliaris is the least susceptible in response to P. medicaginis infection among the three Medicago species investigated here, which can be used as a good candidate in crop rotation to reduce disease pressure in the field and as a source of P. medicaginis resistance for the improvement of forage legumes.