• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 동물식품 내 잔류하는 동물의약품 중 성장보조제인 에스트라디올(Estradiol-17��), 테스토스테론(Testosterone), 프로게스테론(Progesterone)에 대한 분석법을 개발하고자 하였다. 분석대상 물질은 액체크로마토그라피를 사용하여 분리하였고, electrospray ionization(ESI) 과정을 거쳐 질량분석기에 주입되어 multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) 모드로 검출하였다. 개발된 분석법은 CODEX CAC/GL 71-2009에 근거하여 유효성을 검증하였고, 분석의 실효성 허용범위를 충족함을 확인하였다. 국내 유통되는 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기에 대해 확립된 분석법으로 분석을 진행하여 실제시료 적용성을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 개발된 분석법이 국내 유통 축산물에서 확인되고 있는 성장보조제 일부에 대해 신속하고 신뢰성 높은 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다. 후속 연구를 통해 확립된 분석법을 기반으로 분석대상 성장보조제의 범위를 확장하고, 이를 모두 포함시켜 동시분석법을 확립한다면 활용성이 높은 분석법이 완성될 것으로 확신한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1490-1495
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to develop an optimum composition model for a new synbiotic fermented dairy product with high probiotic cell counts, and to experimentally verify this model. The optimum composition model indicated the growth promoter ratio that could provide the highest growth rate for probiotics in this fermented product. Different levels of growth promoters were first blended with milk to improve the growth rates of probiotics, and the optimum composition model was determined. The probiotic viabilities and chemical properties were analyzed for the samples made using the optimal formula. The optimal combination of the growth promoters for the synbiotic fermented milk product was 1.12% peptides, 3% fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and 1.87% isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO). A product manufactured according to the formula of the optimum model was analyzed, showing that the model was effective in improving the viability of both Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2020

This study examined the prevalence of adherence factors, toxin genes, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from piglets with diarrhea before and after the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in Korea from 2007 to 2018. In this period, pathogenic 474 E. coli isolates were obtained from diarrheic piglets. The virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes were assayed using a polymerase chain reaction, and the susceptibility to antibiotics was tested according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. After the ban on AGPs, the frequency of F4 (12.5% to 32.7%) increased significantly, and LT (31.9% to 20.3%) and EAST-I (46.5% to 35.2%) decreased significantly. In addition, the resistance to streptomycin (45.8% to 67.9%), cephalothin (34.0% to 59.4%), and cefazlin (10.4% to 28.8%) increased significantly. Colistin resistance plasmid-mediated genes, mcr-1 and mcr-3, were detected after the ban on AGPs. The results of this study can provide useful data for analyzing the impact of the ban on AGPs on the virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from piglets with diarrhea in Korea.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2006

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neuromodulator of nociceptive responses in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. BDNF synthesis increases in response to nerve growth factor (NGF) in trkA-expressing small and medium-sized DRG neurons after inflammation. Previously we demonstrated differential activation of multiple BDNF promoters in the DRG following peripheral nerve injury and inflammation. Using reporter constructs containing individual promoter regions, we investigated the effect of NGF on the multiple BDNF promoters, and the signaling pathway by which NGF activates these promoters in PC12 cells. Although all the promoters were activated 2.4-7.1-fold by NGF treatment, promoter IV gave the greatest induction. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, SB203580, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor, LY294003, protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, chelerythrine, had no effect on activation of promoter IV by NGF. However, activation was completely abolished by the MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitors, U0126 and PD98059. In addition, these inhibitors blocked NGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2. Taken together, these results suggest that the ERK1/2 pathway activates BDNF promoter IV in response to NGF independently of NGF-activated signaling pathways involving PKA and PKC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2007

Acceptance of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in agricultural animal production is rapidly disappearing. Both government regulations and consumer preference are driving this change. Producers in any country that seek export markets will be forced to give up AGP if they are to sell to the EU and many other markets. This report will first review the history of AGP use in the animal industry and the concerns about development of antimicrobial resistance. A description of the development and structure of the gut and how it is affected by AGP administration will conclude with results of studies to replace AGP with antimicrobial organic acids.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

가뭄은 작물의 성장과 생산성을 방해하는 비 생물학적 스트레스 중 하나다. 비 생물학적 스트레스에 대응하기 위해서는 식물이 불리한 환경 조건에서 스트레스에 나타내는 분자 조절 네트워크를 이해해야 한다. 비 생물학적 스트레스 (가뭄에 대응)에 대처할 수 있는 조합을 선별하기 위한 실험에서 스트레스 조건에서만 발현되는 5개의 가뭄 스트레스 유도성 프로모터를 선별하였으며, 이 중 36개의 cis-regulatory element를 선별하였다. 그 결과 가뭄 스트레스에서만 발현되는 유전자의 프로모터에서 cis-regulatory element를 새롭게 조합하여 미세 제어 조절을 할 수 있는 2 개의 합성프로모터(BL1, BL2)를 제작하였다. 합성프로모터를 포함한 형질전환식물(BL1-GUS, BL2-GUS)의 분석은 합성프로모터가 건조 조건에서 형질전환식물 내의 GUS 유전자의 발현을 증가시키는 것을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 Transient activation assay를 통해 DREB1A와 DREB2C에 의해 합성프로모터가 활성화되는 것도 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 가뭄 특이적인 cis-regulatory element의 조합에 의해 제작한 합성프로모터가 다양한 비 생물학적 스트레스에 반응하고, 식물의 성장 지연을 유발하지 않고 스트레스에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있을 것이라 예상할 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.146-155
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• 1993

A DNA fragment from an alkali-tolerent Bacillus sp., conferring strong promoter activity, was subcloned into the promoter probe plasmid pPL703 and the nucleotide sequence of this promoter region was determined. The sequence analysis suggested that this highly efficient promoter region containing the complex clustered promoters comprised three kinds of promoters (P1, P2 and P3), which are transcribed by $\sigma^B (formerly \sigma^{37}), \sigma^E(formerly \sigma^{29}) and \sigma^A (formerly \sigma^{43})$ RNA polymerase holoenzymes which play major rules at the onset of endospore formation, during sporulation and at the vegetative phase of growth, respectively. S1 nuclease mapping experiments showed that all three promoters had staggered transcription initiation points. The results of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay after the subcloning experiments also indicated that the expression of these clustered promoters was correlated with the programs of growth and endospore development. Promoter P1, P2 and P3 were preceded by 75% AT, 79% AT and 81% AT regions, respectively, and a partial deletion of AT-rich region prevented transcription from promoter P1 in vivo. Two sets of 5 -AGTGTT-3 sequences and inverted repeat sequences located around the promoter P1 were speculated as the possible cis acting sites for the catabolite repression in B. subtilis. In vivo transcripts from these sequence regions may be able to form a secondary structure, however, the possibility that a regulatory protein induced by the excess amount of glucose could be bound to such a domain for crucial action remains to be determined.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.343-347
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• 1988

토양에서 분리한 알칼리 내성 Bacillus속의 chromosomal DNA로부터 promoter를 cloning하여 선별된 재조합 plasmid p-12내 의 promoter를 subcloning을 하였다. 그 결과 cloning된 promoter 내에는 서로 다른 두 가지의 promoter가 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 이로부터 각각의 promoter를 함유한 재조합 plasmid p-l2B1, p-l2B2를 제조하였다. 또한 CAT 비활성 측정에 의해 각 promoter의 활성을 비교해 본 결과 p-l2B1의 promoter는 p-l2B2의 promoter에 비해 상대적으로 높은 활성을 가지고 있었다. CAT 비활성을 생육시기에 따라 측정해 본 결과 p-l2B1과 p-l2B2는 대수증식기 이후 활성이 급증되었으며 배지 중 첨가된 1.0%의 glucose에 의해 활성이 억제되는 효과를 받았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1975

휴면기간(休眠期間)이 긴 주목종자(朱木種子)의 습층처리(濕層處理)에 따른 종자내(種子內) 생장(生長) 촉진물질(促進物質)과 생장(生長) 억제물질(抑制物質), 당(糖), 전분(澱粉), 단백질(蛋白質) 및 지방(脂肪) 등(等) 성분(成分)의 소장(消長)과 발아촉진(發芽促進)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)코자 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 수행(遂行)하였던바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 습층처리(濕層處理)에 의(依)하여 종자내(種子內) 배육(胚肉)에 있어서의 생장촉진물질(生長促進物質)은 증가(增加)하고 생장(生長) 억제물질(抑制物質)은 급감(急減)하여, 이 양자간(兩者間)의 상호작용(相互作用)이 처리(處理) 1년 이후 11월부터 이듬해 3월사이에 이루어져서 발아(發芽)를 촉진(促進)한다고 생각되며 한편 종피(種皮)에 있어서의 생장(生長) 촉진물질(促進物質)은 배육(胚肉)에 있어서와는 달리 거의 소장(消長)에는 변동(變動)이 없고, 생장(生長) 억제물질(抑制物質)의 양(量)은 급감(急減)하여 지는 것으로 미루어, 종피(種皮)와 발아촉진(發芽促進)과의 관계(關係)는 촉진물질(促進物質)보다 억제물질(抑制物質)의 소실(消失)에 영향(影響)되며 익년(習年) 11월부터 그 다음해 3월사이에 이루어진다고 생각된다. 2. 상치종자(種子)의 발아력(發芽力) 시험결과(試驗結果) 생장(生長) 억제물질(抑制物質)이 발아(發芽)를 좌우(左右)하는 것으로 보아 주목종자(朱木種子)의 발아(發芽)는 생장촉진물질(生長促進物質)보다 생장(生長) 억제물질(抑制物質)에 영향(影響)함이 크다고 생각된다. 3. 습층처리(濕層處理) 함으로서 배육내(胚肉內) 당(糖)과 조단백질량(粗蛋白質量)은 함수율(含水率)과 함께 증가(增加)하나 조지방(粗脂肪)과 전분량(澱粉量)은 감소(減少)하며 이들 성분(成分)의 소장(消長) 또한 발아촉진(發芽促進)과 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)가 있는 것 같다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

The goal of this study was to create a novel baculovirus expression system that does not require recombinant virus purification steps. Transfection of insect cells with transfer vectors containing barnase under control of the Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) promoters ORF3004 or ORF3005 reduced cell growth. Co-transfection with bApGOZA DNA yielded no recombinant viruses and nonrecombinant backgrounds. To further investigate the detrimental effects of barnase on insect cells, two recombinant bacmids harboring the barnase gene under control of the CpBV promoters, namely bAcFast-3004ProBarnase and bAcFast-3005ProBarnase, were constructed. While no viral replication was observed when only the recombinant bacmids were transfected, recombinant viruses were generated when the bacmids were co-transfected with the transfer vector, pAcUWPolh, through substitution of the barnase gene with the native polyhedrin gene by homologous recombination. Moreover, no non-recombinant backgrounds were detected from unpurified recombinant stocks using PCR analysis. These results indicate that CpBV promoters can be used to improve baculovirus expression vectors by means of lethal gene expression under the control of these promoters.