• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1997.02a
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• pp.34-35
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• 1997

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.30.1-30.1
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• 2003

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.155-170
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• 2020

In this paper, using the recently introduced analytical approach for the analysis of mass and heat transfer during film growth in reactors for epitaxy from the gas phase, these processes are analyzed taking into account natural convection and the possibility of changing the rate of chemical interaction between reagents. As a result of the analysis, the conditions under which the homogeneity of the grown epitaxial layers increases with a change in the values of the parameters of the growth process are formulated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1414-1419
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• 2009

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trivalent chromium from different sources on growth, carcass composition, and serum parameters in finishing pigs. Ninety-six crossbred pigs with an initial average body weight of 65.57${\pm}$1.05 kg were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to four treatments with three replicates. Pigs were offered one of four diets including a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ chromium from either chromium chloride ($CrCl_{3}$), chromium picolinate (CrPic) or chromium nanocomposite (CrNano) for 40 days. After completion of the feeding trial, eight pigs from each treatment were selected to collect blood samples, and slaughtered to measure carcass composition. The results showed that supplemental chromium had no significant effect on growth performance, while CrNano increased carcass lean proportion and loin Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05), and decreased carcass fat proportion and 10th rib backfat depth (p<0.05). CrPic supplementation also resulted in lower fat proportion and larger Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05). The addition of Cr from CrNano or CrPic decreased serum glucose (p<0.05) and increased concentrations of total protein and free fat acid in serum (p<0.05). Serum urea nitrogen, triglyceride and cholesterol were decreased (p<0.05), and serum high density lipoprotein and lipase activity were increased (p<0.05) with the supplementation of CrNano. Serum insulin was decreased (p<0.05) by supplemental Cr from CrNano or CrPic, and serum insulin-like growth factor I was increased significantly in the CrNano treated group. These results suggest that chromium nanocomposite has higher efficacy on carcass composition in pigs compared to the traditional chromium sources.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: From year 2005, landfill for food waste has been prohibited. Also, according to London agreement in year 2013, ocean discharge for livestock manure, sewage sludge, and food waste has been regulated. Alternative way for food waste disposal is incineration. However, due to high moisture content, additional input for energy is needed. Therefore, effective way for food waste disposal such as application of food waste compost is needed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven different treatments (livestock compost, food waste compost, food waste + livestock compost, livestock compost + chemical fertilizer, food waste compost + chemical fertilizer, food waste + livestock compost + chemical fertilizer and control) were applied to tomato crop. All treatments were replicated with completely randomized design. Tomato growth treated with LC+NPK showed the highest values at 6 weeks for all parameters such as leaf length (11.80 cm), leaf width (6.88 cm), and chlorophyll (61.12 O.D.), compared to other treatments. Subsequently the FWC+LC+NPK treatment was followed (11.51 cm, 6.40 cm, 59.50 O.D. for leaf length, leaf width, and chlorophyll, respectably). EC, OM contents, and CEC in the soil treated with the composts significantly increased. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the effect of food waste compost application on tomato growth and soil chemical properties, we carried out field experiment treated with 7 treatments with 3 replicates. The LC+NPK treatment showed highest values for all parameters. Some parameters such as shoot length and total length for tomato were not significantly different between the LC+NPK and the FWC+LC+NPK treatments.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2009

Nosema sp. infection in the Indian tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta exerts a complex of influences on its host. The instar duration was extended significantly (P<0.001) except in $1^{st}$ instar. The infected larvae took about 48 days to reach the spinning stage against 40 days in the uninfected ones. The final weight attained by the larva at the end of each instar of development declined significantly following infection, as did weight gain and relative growth rate (RGR). The growth recorded/ day declined in infected larvae compared to uninfected ones from 8.2% during $1^{st}$ instar to 43.3% during $5^{th}$ instar. Food ingestion and digestion increased with advancement of the instar significantly irrespective of the status of the larvae but the relative consumption rate (RCR) declined. These parameters significantly declined in infected larvae (except food digested during $2^{nd}$ instar). The decline was more during $3^{rd}$ instar. In contrast, the approximate digestibility (AD %) was significantly higher in infected larvae than uninfected ones leaving the $1^{st}$ instar larvae unaffected. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change in a patterned way following the microsporidia (Nosema sp.) infection. The values of ECI significantly changed during $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $5^{th}$ instars; while the change in ECD during $2^{nd}$, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ were significant. During the entire larval life all the parameters tends to decline significantly following microsporidia infection but AD registered a significant increase. Nosema sp. spore concentration has increased 270.7 times during larval development in the course of experimentation.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

This study presents physiological rates of oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, feeding rates, O/N ratio and assimilation efficiency of the blood cockle, Scapharca subcrenata, determined from specimens collected in Yeoja bay on the south coast of Korea. Physiological parameters were measured monthly under static, laboratory controlled conditions with ambient conditions, and measurements were performed seasonally in order to estimate scope for growth and its probable sources of variation. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates have been increased as temperature increased with the highest value of August, 2008. Feeding rate was the highest during April whereas the lowest was during August which is a period of gametogenesis with minimum biomass of phytoplankton around sampling area. Assimilation efficiency was not significantly different seasonally and O/N ratio decreased during July to August. The scope for growth was negative during high temperature months(July to August), reflecting the high temperature and low feeding rate, and had its highest positive values during spring and autumn. Data on the physiological parameters and scope for growth of Scapharca subcrenata obtained in this study will be used to assess the carrying capacity for blood cockle cultivation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different dietary ratio of metabolizable glucose (MG) to metabolizable protein (MP) on growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters and the ruminal microbial community of 8 to 10-month-old heifers. Methods: A total of 24 Holstein heifers weighing an average of 282.90 kg (8 month of age) were randomly assigned to four groups of six. The heifers were fed one of four diets of different dietary MG/MP (0.97, 1.07, 1.13, and 1.26). Results: The results showed that the ratio of MG/MP affected the growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters and the ruminal microbial community of heifers. The average daily gain of heifers was enhanced by increasing the ratio of MG/MP (p<0.05). The concentration of blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as the concentration of total volatile fatty acid in the rumen fluid of heifers decreased with the improvement in the ratio of dietary MG/MP (p<0.05). However, the relative amount of Ruminococcus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in the rumen of heifers was increased significantly (p<0.05) when the dietary MG/MP increased. At the same time, with the improvement in dietary MG/MP, the amount of Fibrobacter succinogenes increased (p = 0.08). Conclusion: A diet with an optimal ratio (1.13) of MG/MP was beneficial for the improvement of growth, rumen fermentation, dietary protein and energy utilization of 8 to 10-month-old dairy heifers in this experiment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.262-266
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• 2016

This study evaluated the growth kinetics of Salmonella spp. in processed meat products formulated with low sodium nitrite (NaNO₂). A 5-strain mixture of Salmonella spp. was inoculated on 25-g samples of sausages formulated with sodium chloride (NaCl) (1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) and NaNO₂ (0 and 10 ppm) followed by aerobic or vacuum storage at 10℃ and 15℃ for up to 816 h or 408 h, respectively. The bacterial cell counts were enumerated on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, and the modified Gompertz model was fitted to the Salmonella cell counts to calculate the kinetic parameters as a function of NaCl concentration on the growth rate (GR; Log CFU/g/h) and lag phase duration (LPD; h). A linear equation was then fitted to the parameters to evaluate the effect of NaCl concentration on the kinetic parameters. The GR values of Salmonella on sausages were higher (p<0.05) with 10 ppm NaNO₂ concentration than with 0 ppm NaNO₂. The GR values of Salmonella decreased (p<0.05) as NaCl concentration increased, especially at 10℃. This result indicates that 10 ppm NaNO₂ may increase Salmonella growth at low NaCl concentrations, and that NaCl plays an important role in inhibiting Salmonella growth in sausages with low NaNO₂.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.895-903
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratios (UFA to SFA ratios) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 45 crossbred pigs ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire), with an average initial body weight of 60.3±2.4 kg, were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 dietary UFA to SFA ratios. Results: Both average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas backfat thickness was decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased quadratically or linearly (p<0.05) respectively, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased quadratically (p<0.05) with increasing dietary UFA to SFA ratio. In M. longissimus thoracis, the proportion of C18:1 and monounsaturated FA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were increased linearly (p<0.05) as dietary UFA to SFA ratio increased. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the proportion of SFA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and the UFA to SFA ratios were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Meat color scores and shear force of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas drip loss and cooking loss were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Conclusion: Appropriately boosted dietary UFA to SFA ratio could be conductive to optimize blood lipid parameters and tissue FA composition. However, when the ratio is too high or too low it tends to have negative effects on growth performance and meat quality.