• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.105-118
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to obtain proper amount of solid swine manure and poultry manure in the beginning phase of Cornus kousa growth by investigating the initial germination, seedling growth increment, dry weight, chlorophyll content change, body nutrient uptake and chemical changes of soil according to the concentration of solid swine manure and poultry manure fertilization. When treated with solid swine manure and poultry manure, seed germination rate was the highest in the control. However germination rate showed a tendency to decrease when treated with high concentration of swine manure and poultry manure. The survey results of the growth increment were all higher than that of the control. At the 1.0% treatment of both swine and poultry manure, the seedling height growth was highest. Poultry manure treatment made higher result than swine manure treatment at each treatment. Dry weight was the highest at the 1.0% treatment by both swine and poultry manure. Dry amount declined sharply at the 2.0% treatment. Poultry manure was higher in weight than swine manure at every treatment. Chlorophyll content was the highest at the 1.0% treatment by both swine and poultry manure, but declined sharply at the 2.0% treatment. The survey content was higer than that of the control. The amount of nutrients absorbed in the seedling body was generally high at the 1.0% treatment of swine manure and poultry manure. For the planting soil of Cornus kousa the higher concentration of swine manure and poultry manure was, the lower pH became. However, nitrogen, got higher. available phosphoric acid, exchangeable K, Na, and Mg got higher.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.803-813
• /
• 2015

The growth of Irpex lacteus F17 and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production in a selfdesigned tray bioreactor, operating in solid-state conditions at a laboratory scale, were studied. The bioreactor was divided into three layers by three perforated trays. Agroindustrial residues were used both as the carrier of bound mycelia and as a nutrient medium for the growth of I. lacteus F17. The maximum biomass production in the bioreactor was detected at 60 h of fermentation, which was consistent with the CO₂ releasing rate by the fungus. During the stationary phase of fungal growth, the maximum MnP activity was observed, reaching 950 U/l at 84 h. Scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed the growth situation of mycelia on the support matrix. Furthermore, the MnP produced by I. lacteus F17 in the bioreactor was isolated and purified, and the internal peptide sequences were also identified with mass spectrometry. The optimal activity of the enzyme was detected at pH 7 and 25℃, with a long half-life time of 9 days. In addition, the MnP exhibited significant stability within a broad pH range of 4-7 and at temperature up to 55℃. Besides this, the MnP showed the ability to decolorize the polymeric model dye Poly R-478 in vitro.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.306-312
• /
• 2013

화학적 증기증착(Chemical Vapor Deposition, CVD) 방법을 이용하여 단결정 Indium antimonide (InSb) 나노와이어를 $SiO_2$ wafer 위에 성장시켰으며, 성장된 InSb 나노와이어의 결정성과 조성비를 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)과 Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)의 측정을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한, 반응 source로 사용된 InSb 분말의 기상화(vaporization) 정도를 source container의 모형, 즉 open 및 close 시스템으로 변형하여 조절하였고 이렇게 성장된 InSb 나노와이어들의 구조적 특성을 주사전자현미경(Scaning Electron Microscopy, SEM)을 통하여 자세히 분석함으로써, 그들의 성장과정을 Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) 및 Vapor-Solid (VS) 메커니즘으로 설명하였다. Open-boat를 사용하여 나노와이어를 성장시켰을 경우, close-boat 의 경우와 비교하여 합성된 나노와이어의 yield가 높았으며 나노와이어의 길이와 두께도 증가하는 현상이 관측되었다. 이러한 결과는, InSb source 의 기상화 정도가 close-boat에서 보다 open-boat에서 더욱 가속화되면서 공통적으로 일어나는 VLS 성장 이외에 VS 성장이 추가적으로 진행되어지기 때문으로 추측되어진다. 또한, 반응시간을 증가시켰을 때, 나노와이어의 두께가 증가하는 결과를 통하여 InSb 나노와이어의 성장에서 VS 메커니즘이 우세하게 작용하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2004

Shape optimization was performed to obtain the precise shape of cutouts including the internal shape of cutouts in laminated composite plates by three dimensional modeling using solid element. The volume control of the growth-strain method was implemented and the distributed parameter chosen as Tsai-Hill fracture index for shape optimization. The volume control of the growth-strain method makes Tsai-Hill failure index at each element uniform in laminated composites under the initial volume. Then shapes optimized by Tsai-Hill failure index were compared with those of the initial shapes for the various load conditions and cutouts. The following conclusions were obtained in this study (1) It was found that growth-strain method was applied efficiently to shape optimization of three dimensional cutouts in a laminated composite plate, (2) The optimal shapes on the various load conditions and cutouts were obtained, (3) The maximum Tsai-Hill failure index was reduced up to 67% when shape optimization was performed under the initial volume by volume control of growth-strain method.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.565-572
• /
• 2004

Numerical stability analysis of one-dimensional axial flow in solid rocket motors is performed based on the Euler equation coupled with an unsteady combustion equation of solid propellant. In order to check the numerical scheme, behavior of a standing wave in a closed tube is examined. A standing wave in solid rocket motor decays or grows depending on the total effect of propellant combustion, nozzle flow, and so on. The stability boundary of the fundamental mode standing wave is determined by changing one of the combustion parameters. In addition growth rates of the wave are calculated numerically in relatively low Mach number flow region for the motors with different port and nozzle throat diameters. The results obtained here agree well with the approximate solution. The same scheme is applied to a motor with shorter length and L＊-instability is observed.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.185-197
• /
• 1999

Heat transfer and solidification of liquid silicon in von-$K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ swirling flow is investigated. The moving boundary is fixed for all times by a coordinate transformation, and finite difference method Is used to obtain the instantaneous location of the solid-liquid Interface and the heat transfer from the surfaces of solid and liquid. For small Stefan number or low wall temperature, the transient heat transfer from the surface of solid(QS(t)) is much larger than that from the liquid side of solid-liquid interface(QL(t)) and QL(t) reaches its quasi-steady-state value much faster than QS(t).

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 1985

$BaTiO_3$ and $SrTiO_2$ were mixed with the mole ratio of 36:65:50, 50: 50 and 65:35 and then heated at 110$0^{\circ}C$~130$0^{\circ}C$ for 1~64 hrs. The solid state reactions and dielectric properties were investigated as a function of amount of solid solution. Activation energy of solid solution decreased with increasing amount of $BaTiO_3$ due to fast diffusion of $Ba^{2+}$ ions. Dielectric constants increased with increasing the soaking time at 125$0^{\circ}C$and 130$0^{\circ}C$ and Curie Temperature shifted to higher temperature with increasing the soaking time at 125$0^{\circ}C$ and 130$0^{\circ}C$. It attributes to the am-ount of solid solution and grain growth, Dielectric constants decreased and Curie Temperature shifted to lower temperature due to decreasing polari-zability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제20권8호
• /
• pp.939-942
• /
• 1999

The tie lines delineating ion-exchange equilibria between NiFe2O4-NiCr2O4 spinel solid solution and Fe2O3-Cr2O3 corundum solid solution were determined at 900, 1000, and 1200 ℃ by electron microprobe and energy dispersive X-ray analysis of oxide phases, using the flux growth technique. Activities of the spinel components were calculated from the tie lines, assuming Temkin's ideal mixing in the corundum solid solution. The spinel phase could be expressed by a regular solution with negative deviations from ideality. The Gibbs free energies of mixing for spinel solid solution were discussed in terms of the cation distribution model, based on site preference energies and assuming random mixing on both tetrahedral and octahedral sites.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of the application of kimchi LAB as starter culture in the production of fermented sausages. For this, the solid-state model media composed to simulate the substantial conditions of meat mixtures were fermented for 120 h after the treatment with different concentrations of kimchi (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0%) and lyophilized kimchi-powder (0.2 % and 0.5%). During the fermentation period, the growth of total viable cells and LAB, and the changes of pH and titratable acidity were investigated. The initial LAB counts ranged from 7.18 to 8.34 Log CFU/ mL for kimchi media and from 6.93 to 6.94 Log CFU/mL for kimchi-powder media depending on the added concentrations. The kimchi LAB in this study were not influenced by the immobilized condition for their adaptation and growth by showing no lag phase and thus acted similar as in the submerged medium. The initially increased counts reached around 9 Log CFU/ mL in 12 h independent of the concentrations of a ded kimchi. However, the growth and metabolic activity of kimchi-powder LAB were influenced by the immobilized condition. Supposedly, as the nutrient supply in solid-state depended solely on diffusion, these differences in the souring properties were caused by the LAB topography in the medium matrix. Nevertheless, the differences in the numbers of LAB between two media were less than 0.5 Log units and the pH drop in the solidstate batches was quite rapid and reached low values. Therefore, it can be assumed that kimchi and kimchi-powder LAB showed the utility as the substitute of commercial starter culture even without a rehydrating pretreatment.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2014

이 연구는 식생모듈박스에 적용한 레플렉숨을 중심으로 식물 생육특성 간의 관계 및 식물의 생육특성과 토양 물리적 특성의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. 이 실험에서 토양 물리적 특성과 식물 생육특성의 관계에 관한 연구의 분석은 SPSS Ver 19.0 for Window용 통계프로그램을 이용하여, 상관분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 토양 물리적 특성과 생육특성의 다중회귀 분석 결과, 레플렉숨에 대한 회귀식은 초장=$3.993-14.070^*$(용적밀도)+$.233^*$(고상)+$.038^*$(액상)+$.068^*$(침투율)로 나타났으며, 이 중 용적밀도와 고상이 유의성 있게 나타났다. 레플렉숨에 대한 회귀식은 초폭=$2.931-33.925^*$(용적밀도)+$.566^*$(고상)+$.206^*$(액상)+$.027^*$(침투율)이며, 이 중 용적밀도와 고상이 유의성 있게 나타났다. 즉, 초장 및초폭과 토양의 물리적 특성은 일정한 회귀식으로 작성할 수 있다. 상하부 생체량과 건중량은 토양의 물리적 특성과 직접적인 상관성이 없는 것으로 나타났다.