• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.5
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• pp.7-17
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• 1965

1. New mulberry branches after spring prunning seemed not to have the growth period acording to the Fig. 1. The branches after summer prunning, however, showed the tendency of relatively fast growth for the first month and of hardy growth for the latter. 2. Due to the self-regulation in the course of growth, available branches in spring have been decided in number from the end of June to the beginning of July and in fall in early August. 3. The wattles decreased in number by means of picking up buds and so compared with the control the considerable effects were shown in the treatments. 4. Most buds on mulberry branches after the prunning were sprouted at the begining of whole budding period. The branches of the first sprouted buds were available and the latter became of the wattles. 5. After spring or summer prunning the shoots grew in vigorous if some of then were taken out. Therefore the length of branches increased by 20∼60％. It was the best way that the branches were taken out one third when the branches grew 30∼60cm in height.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 1997

This study was carried out to clarify the effects of number of branches per pot on the growth and yield in long term bag-culture of sweet pepper. Two plants were grown in pot with four, six, and eight branches. The results are summarized as the followings : 1. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, and stem dry weight did not significantly differ among treatments, while the number of leaves and leaf area were the greatest In the treatment with eight branches per pot. 2. Although fruit length was not influenced by the number of branches per pot, fruit diameter and fruit weight were greater with four branches per pot. The yield of the four branches was 124.5ton/ha, which was not significantly different from the yield of the eight branches, 113.4ton/ha. Considering the average fruit weight, fruit quality, and labor saving, four branches per pot appears to be appropriate. 3. Although the yield of eight branches per pot during the first five months was higher, however, four branches per pot should be recommended for the long term bag- culture of sweet pepper because the yield of the four branches from April, which is the middle stage of growth to the final harvest was higher than the yields of the others.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2020

Salix gracilistyla has a characteristic of fast growth especially in the river side or infertile soil, showing a lot of lateral branches and a strong root system among the Salix. spp. On the basis of results observed, we provide several growth characteristics of S. gracilistyla among some selected provenances. In two-year results, root collar diameter ranged from 33.5 mm to 56.7 mm. Taeback showed the lowest value, and Jeongseon and Hoengseong were higher than the other areas in the traits above. Height growth was the lowest in Samcheok and the highest in Wonju. To examine growth and development of lateral branches is important because S. gracilistyla has a lot of lateral branches which account for high biomass production. Length of lateral branch showed high variation, in which the highest number was observed in Yeongwol and the lowest in Samcheok. Many lateral branches were shown in Wonju. Preliminary study on biomass resources evaluation, we analyzed correlation between volume and length, and volume and root diameter. High correlation was observed between root diameter and plant volume. And we compared the observed volume with the caculated volume by regression formula. To evaluate Salix species as biomass resources, it is needed to survey growth characteristics continuously and adopt selection of individuals or families of high biomass and caloric values by reliable data. In addition, Salix spp. can be also applicable to selection breeding regime because of feasible propagation and fast growth.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.4
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• pp.27-31
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• 1965

The aim of this work was to investigate how the mulberry shoots grew well when the mulberry branches were cut down, in hight, 1/3, $\frac{1}{2}$ and 2/3 of them, respectively, just before the Spring budding. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The rate of un-sprouted buds decreased sharply down as much as half of the control if the mulberry branches were cut off. The treatment, 1/3, was best one of various cut down sizes and the un-sprouted buds concentrated on the lower parts of the branches. 2. Even though the branches were cut down, at first it seemed flat to accelerate the sprouting of buds, but rather to have a tendency to become late. The speed of leaf growth, however, became faster after the sprouting. It took 7~9 days from the beginning of buddings to the 5th full grown leaf, and.7 days for the shortest one in the treatment, 2/3, when compared with 16 days of the control. 3. If the branches were cut down, the growth of the new sprouts was accelerated. For 45 days (on 5th of May to on 10th of June), therefore. the shoots had grown up to 1.6～2.5 times of the control, 34cm long. The shoots of which the branches were cut down at 2/3 of them were longest (83cm). Furthermore. the speed of shoot growth of cut-down branches was faster than that of the control. 4. In the increased rate of the number of the mulberry leaves, there was not significant difference between the control and the treatments. 5. The total amount of shoot growth showed considerably much more in the treatments than in the control. The successing growing shoots of treatment, 2/3 were little in a number but longest per one shoot in mean shoot length. 6. It seems to be much available that we may cut down branches at 2/3 of them in order to get the scions for the cutting as soon as possible.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-29
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• 1990

Korean input-output tables for 1975 and 1985 are first deflated into 1975 constant domestic prices(hypothetical terms), and the constant price I-O data are used to decompose the sources of industrial growth and structural change during the 1975-85 period. Using the same methodology, our results for the 1975-85 period are then linked to the results for the earlier period(1955-75) in order to analyze and evaluate the "demand-side" sources of industrialization over the past three decades. The results from the decomposition of the whole economy indicate that over three decades(1955-85) the relative contribution of domestic demand expansion (DDE) to growth and structural change has continuously declined while the contribution of export expansion(EE) has generally continued to rise. The contribution of import-substitution(IS) which had been significantly higher than that of EE during 1955-63 declined substantially, remaining at an insignificantly low level during the period following 1963. Although it is well known that the government's industrial policy in the 1970s emphasized import-substitution in heavy and chemical industries, no significant changes in the export-oriented growth pattern could be observed even for that period, except for a minor decline in the relative contribution of EE. This may be attributed to the substantially larger, backward-linkage effects of EE than that of IS. The sources-of-growth decompositions for major branches of the manufacturing sector generally support the major conclusions derived from the decomposition for the whole economy. The IS contribution which had been significantly high in almost all manufacturing branches during the 1955-63 period declined to low levels in all but two branches, heavy industry and machinery, during the following period. On the other hand, the relative contribution of EE showed a continuous rise in almost all manufacturing branches(except food processing). Finally, the sources of growth for 1975-85 which were decomposed by detailed sub branches, are analyzed by correlating them with changes in relative prices and industrial protection rates by sub-branches for the same period. A major result is that contrary to general expectations, the EE contributions by sub-branch are not negatively correlated with the nominal rates of protection and/or the effective rates of protection for the same sub-branches. It is also found that no statistically significant, positive correlation exists between IS contributions and nominal protection rates or effective protection rates. These unexpected results may be explained by the peculiar nature of the Korean system of industrial incentives for the past period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 1986

In cold water irrigation, some growth and yield were decreased by heavy application of nitrogen but in-creased by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Among growth characters, number of spikelets per panicle and grain filling ratio were affected significantly. Cold damage in number of spikelets, spikelet sterility and degeneration of spikelet and branch could be reduced by increasing application amount of phosphate, potassium and in particular silicate. Number of spikelets per branch was closely related with number of spikelets per secondary branches. Number of abortive grains and immature grains had negative correlations with yield and could be reduced by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Heavy nitrogen application led to high total nitrogen content and restrained the uptake of phosphate, potassium and silicate. However, adverse results were showed by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Inorganic element contents in branches were lower than those in leaf blades, but higher than those in chaff. Branches showed little differences in inorganic element contents between heading stage and maturing stage. Inorganic element contents in branches were considered to be influenced by those in leaf blades and to affect those in chaff. Some growth characters related to source and sink, such as degeneration of branches and spike-lets, sterility ratio, ripening ratio, and yield had closer relationship with nutrient contents in branches than those in leaf blades and chaff. The results demonstrated that the rachis branch not only was a transport pathway of nutrient but also would play an important role in accumulating substances in panicles.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of treatment time and concentration of a chemical pinching agent, dikegulac, on branches and growth of Rhododendron simsii 'California Sunset'. R. simsii 'California Sunset' developed lateral branches naturally but the number of them was few. Treatment of dikegulac delayed the terminal bud development, increased in size, the chlorophyll contents of the leaf, and the number of lateral branches in June. Especially, the number of lateral branches were better at $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dikegulac than the others. But growth in August of R. simsii 'California Sunset' was naturally lower than June, there was no effect of lateral branches by dikegulac.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.360-370
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• 2019

Woody crops cultivated in short-rotation coppices are attractive sources of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production, since they are some of the most abundant renewable resources. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the growth period on bioethanol production using short-rotation woody crops (Populus nigra ${\times}$ Populus maxiwiczii, Populus euramericana, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa, and Salix alba). The carbohydrate contents of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches were 62.1-68.5% and 64.0-67.1%, respectively. The chemical compositions of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches did not vary significantly depending upon the growth period. However, the 3-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches (glucose conversion: 26-40%) were hydrolyzed more easily than their 12-year-old counterparts (glucose conversion: 19-24%). Furthermore, following the fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates from the crop branch samples (by Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7296) to ethanol, the ethanol concentration of short rotation coppice woody crops was found to be higher in the 3-year-old branch samples (~ 0.18 g/g dry matter) than in the 12-year-old branch samples (~ 0.14 g/g dry matter). These results suggest that immature wood (3-year-old branches) from short-rotation woody crops could be a promising feedstock for bioethanol production.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.637-646
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• 2013

In order to model a variety of natural trees that are appropriate to outdoor terrains consisting of multiple trees, this study proposes a modeling method of new growth rules(based on the convolution sums of divisor functions). Basically, this method uses an existing growth-volume based algorithm for efficient management of the branches and leaves that constitute a tree, as well as natural propagation of branches. The main features of this paper is to introduce the theory of convolution sums of divisor functions that is naturally expressed the growth or fate of branches and leaves at each growth step. Based on this, a method of modeling various tree is proposed to minimize user control through a number of divisor functions having generalized generation functions and modification of the growth rule. This modeling method is characterized by its consideration of both branches and leaves as well as its advantage of having a greater effect on the construction of an outdoor terrain composed of multiple trees. Natural and varied tree model creation through the proposed method was conducted, and using this, the possibility of constructing a wide nature terrain and the efficiency of the process for configuring multiple trees were evaluated experimentally.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1986

This study was investigated about influence of different cold water irrigation on the nutrient uptake of leaf blade, rachis branches and chaff. Longer duration of cold water irrigation increased total nitrogen content in leaf blade, branches and chaff but decreased the content of phosphate, potassium and silicate. The highest content of total nitrogen and phosphate showed at heading stage, that of potassium in leafblades and branches at heading but in chaff at maturing stage, and that of silicate at maturing stage. Inorganic element content in branches was similar with that in chaff in general. The excessive uptake of nitrogen by cold water irrigation caused decrease in the uptake phosphate, potassium and silicate showing clear nutrient disorder in the blades and chaff. High total nitrogen and low silicate in rice plants seemed to lead to degeneration of branches and spikelets, and to spikelet sterility. Degeneration and sterility appeared to be closely related to nutrient status of branches.