• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2010

The effects of sediment and water movement on the survival and growth of Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh were examined in culture to elucidate why this species grows as an epiphytic alga. The survival and growth rates of Campylaephora tetraspores declined as the sediment concentration increased under both water-movement and no-water-movement treatments. After 5-day cultures under various sediment treatments, the respective survival and growth rates ranged from 27.32 to 78.63% and 0.22 to 0.29 $day^{-1}$ under the no-water-movement and from 15.66 to 82.69% and 0.19 to 0.31 $day^{-1}$ under the water-movement treatments. The maximum survival and growth of C. hypnaeoides tetraspores occurred at 20 and 40 ${\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$, respectively. The survival of Campylaephora tetraspores and germlings declined with increasing dark period, but the tolerance of total darkness based on the survival rates was two-times greater for 5-day old sporelings than for tetraspores after 12 days. In conclusion, Campylaephora hypnaeoides grows as an epiphytic alga because its survivorship and growth decline rapidly with greater water movement and sedimentation and with lower light intensities.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 1998

This paper attempts to forecast regional economic changes and to analyze government polices for interregional balanced economic growth in case of Korea Reunification. It begins with be reunified at the year 2010. The model is largely neoclassical. Since the future of North Korea is unclear, two possible scenarios are presented. The paper projects economic growth of regions, specifically forecasting growth of regions, specifically forecasting GRDP, the number of migrants and the quantity of moving capital. The results obtained show that spatially unbalanced economic growth will take place in the reunified Korea through factor movement. Two polices including public capital provision policy and income subsidy policy are thus suggested and analyed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.349-366
• /
• 1994

The method of treatment in skeletal Class III malocclusion must be chosen according to an etiology and timing of the treatment. Maxillry protraction has been used as an effective treatment method in growing children with maxillary deficiency. The efficacy of maxillary protraction has been viewed as a result of downward-backward displacement of mandible and compensatory dental displacement during the treatment rather than forward -downward growth of maxilla itself. In this study, 104 subjects treated with maxllary protraction, and 19 males and 21 females with known annual growth amount have been chosen longitudinally as treated group and normal group, respectively. And changes in position of maxilla, mandible and dentition have been comparatively analyzed on the lateral cephalometric radiographs by age. The results were as follows : 1. Treated group showed more forward movement of maxilla compare to the normal group and the mandible displaced backward compare to the normal group. 2. Downward movement of maxilla in treated group was similar to that of normal group with statistical signigicance in female 12 year old group and downward movement of mandible in treated group was similar to that of normal group. 3. In treated group, maxillary central incisor moved more forward than the normal group with statistical significance in male 8, 10 year-old groups and female 8, 9, 10 year-old groups. In treated group, downward movement of maxillary central incisor was similar to that of the normal group with statistical significance in male and female 7,8 year-old groups. Considering the above results and the duration of the treatment, the forward movement of maxilla due to maxillary protraction was effective compared to normal growth amount of the normal group.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.138-147
• /
• 2013

Orthodontic tooth movement is a unique process which tooth, solid material is moving into hard tissue, bone. Orthodontic force in general provides the strain to the PDL and alveolar bone, which in turn generates the interstitial fluid flow(in detail, fluid flow in PDL and canaliculi). As a results of matrix strain, periodontal ligament cells and bone cells are deformed, releasing variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. These molecules lead to the orthodontic tooth movement(OTM). In these inflammation and tissue remodeling sites, all of the cells could closely communicate with one another, flowing the information for tissue remodeling. To accelerate the rate of OTM in future, local injection of single growth factor(GF) or a combination of multiple GFs in the periodontal tissues might intervene to stimulate the rate of OTM. Corticotomy is effective and safe to accelerate OTM.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.19.1-19.10
• /
• 2019

We investigated the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/AKT signaling pathway involved in muscle formation, growth, and movement in the adductor muscle of triploid Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Large and small triploid oysters (LTs and STs) cultured under identical conditions were screened, and the signaling pathways of individuals with superior growth were compared and analyzed. mRNA and protein expression levels of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, and myosin, proteins important in muscle formation, were higher in LTs compared with STs. Expression levels of IGF-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP complex acid-labile subunit were also higher in LTs compared with STs. Phosphorylation of the IGF receptor as well as that of AKT was high in LTs. In addition, the expression of phosphomammalian target of rapamycin and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ was increased and the expression of Forkhead box O3 was decreased in LTs. Therefore, we suggested that the IGF-1/AKT signaling pathway affects the formation, growth, and movement of the adductor muscle in triploid oysters.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2003

This research attempts to describe and explain the development of Korean environmental movement. It finds that the emergence of Korean environmental movement was constrained by the authoritarian nature of Korean politics. In 1970s, environmental movements were primitive and were not organized ones. With the wake of democratization in the 1980s, Korean environmental movement began to get some momentum. And in the 1990s, environmental movement to save clean water has achieved some success in certain areas. However, the emphasis on the growth of local economy in the age of local autonomy system has brought heavy degradation of local environment. The coming of the phenomena of Globalization and Cyber-Age has brought positive effects on Korean environmental movement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2018

In countries and regions population plays an important role. Recently the importance of population migration increased as population growth slowed. Researches on population migration are mainly focused on the analysis of the population movement factors and the regional structure analysis using the network analysis method. Analysis of regional structure through population movement is not enough to explain the phenomenon of migration of small cities and rural regions. In this study, to overcome the limit of previous studies the characteristics of the population movement rate according to the size of the population were analyzed. Also network analysis using the population movement OD (Origin and Destination) and population movement rate OD were conducted and the results of them were compared. As the results of analysis by the regional population scale, the population movement by population size showed a big difference in the areas with more than 100 thousand people and less than 100 thousand people. Migration to the outside of the province was the most frequent in regions with 30,000~50,000 people. The population migration rate network analysis result showed that the new area with large population inflow capacity was identified, which could not be found in the population movement network analysis because population movement number is small. The population movement rate irate is expected to be used to identify the central regions of the province and to analyze the difference in resident attractiveness.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.541-548
• /
• 2023

Behavior serves as an important indicator of the effects of environmental stressors on organisms. In this study, one-year-old abalone Haliotis discus hannai (15.1±0.8 mm) were used and each 0.34 m2 tank was stocked with 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 juvenile abalone. After 328 days, we found that the low stocking density treatment showed significantly higher growth, whereas the high stocking density treatment showed significantly lower growth. In addition, abalone showed a lower rate of movement, distance moved, and velocity at higher stocking densities, but only velocity differed significantly. In contrast, In the Supplied the feed tanks significant difference between the moving distance and velocity. When the two groups of different sizes were mixed in tank, the rate of movement, distance moned, and velocity showed significant differences between differently-sized indivisuals. Our study indicates that breeding abalone at high densities has a negative effect on their growth and survival, which is thought to primarily be caused by spatial competition, and secondarily by differences in body size, ultimately affecting growth and productivity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.538-543
• /
• 1999

The theory of the reflow applied to metallization process was studied, and the factors affecting the reflow and the relation between the reflow and the grain growth were investigated. The driving force for the metal reflow is the difference in chemical potentials along the metal surface, and it causes the atom movement. On condition that metal interconnect is fabricated for semiconductor devices, surface diffusion is the primary atom movement mechanism. The metal reflow is influenced by reflow temperature, reflow time, reflow ambient, thin film thickness, thin film material, underlayer material, pattern size, and aspect ratio. It is supposed that the reflow characteristic varies according to the grain growth during the reflow, so the effect of the grain growth on the reflow should be considered.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to overview the effect of exercise on neural plasticity and the proteins related to neural plasticity. Results: Exercise increased levels of BDNF(brain-derived neurotrophic factor), Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), Synapsin, Synaptophysin, VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) and other growth factors, stimulate neurogenesis, increase resistance to brain insult and improve learning and mental performance. These proteins improved synaptic plasticity by directly affecting synaptic structure and potentiating synaptic strength, and by strengthening the underlying systems that support plasticity including neurogenesis, metabolism and vascular function. Conclusion: Exercise-induced structural and functional change by these proteins can effect on functional movement, cognition in healthy and brain injured people and animals.