• 제목/요약/키워드: Growth kinetics

검색결과 399건 처리시간 0.031초

Prediction of Listeria monocytogenes Growth Kinetics in Sausages Formulated with Antimicrobials as a Function of Temperature and Concentrations

  • Bang, Woo-Suk;Chung, Hyun-Jung;Jin, Sung-Sik;Ding, Tian;Hwang, In-Gyun;Woo, Gun-Jo;Ha, Sang-Do;Bahk, Gyung-Jin;Oh, Deog-Hwan
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제17권6호
    • /
    • pp.1316-1321
    • /
    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to develop a model to describe the effect of antimicrobials [potassium sorbate (PS), potassium lactate (PL), and combined PL and sodium diacetate (SDA, PLSDA)] on the growth parameters of Listeria monocytogenes such as specific growth rate (SGR) and lag phase periods (LT) in air-dried raw sausages as a function of storage temperature (4, 10, 16, and $25^{\circ}C$). Results showed that the SGR of L monocytogenes was dependent on the storage temperature and level of antimicrobials used. The most effective treatment was the 4% PLSDA, followed by the 2% PLSDA and 4% PL and 0.2% PS exhibited the least antimicrobial effect. Increased growth rates were observed with increasing storage temperatures from 4 to $25^{\circ}C$. The growth data were fitted with a Gompertz equation to determine the SGR and LT of the L. monocytogenes. Six polynomial models were developed for the SGR and LT to evaluate the effect of PS (0.1, 0.2%) and PL (2,4%) alone and PLSDA (2, 4%) on the growth kinetics of L. monocytogenes from 4 to $25^{\circ}C$.

리파마이신B 발효생산의 최대화를 위한 pH변화의 최적화 (Optimal pH Profile in Rifamycin B Fermentation)

  • 이재관;최차용;성백린;한문희
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
    • /
    • 제9권4호
    • /
    • pp.225-230
    • /
    • 1981
  • The kinetic study of rifamycin B production in batch culture of Nocardia mediterranei was undertaken in part of our endeavor to optimize the fermentation condition. The growth parameters such as $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks values for nitrogen source were evaluated by employing Monod equation. From the experiments, $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks were 0.15hr$^{-1}$ and 8.35g/1, respectively. The growth kinetics in batch culture was found successfully interpreted by logistic law, i.e., the initial specific growth rate and the maximum cell mass concentration were determined as function of pH and both found to have maxima. For the production of rifamycin B, a non-growth associated production kinetics was employed and the specific productivity as a function of pH was found to have two maximum points. The yield coefficient and the specific productivity were calculated as mean values in production phase. Utilizing these experimental data as a function of pH, the optimal condition for the rifamycin B production was discussed with regad to the pH effect on the cell growth and production of the antibiotic. As a result, growth phase at pH 6.5 and production phase at pH 7.0 were found to be recommended.ded.

  • PDF

상수처리시 Fe(III) 응집제를 이용한 응집동력학에 관한 연구 : 황산이온의 영향 (Flocculation Kinetics Using Fe(III) Coagulant in Advanced Water Treatment: The Effect of Sulfate Ion)

  • 강임석;이병헌
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제4권4호
    • /
    • pp.367-377
    • /
    • 1995
  • 상수처리시 응집동역학에 관한 연구를 수행하기 위하여 $FE(NO_3)$$_3.9H_2O$을 응집제로 사용하여 Kaolin현탁액을 응집시키는 실험을 행하였다. 응집 동력학은 응집과정중 입자크기의 증가 을 측정하는 것으로서 응집의 mechanism에 대한 이해와 응집시 사용되는 최적 응집제의 량과 종류 그리고 최적 pH를 선정하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 기본적 응집동력학에 대한 연구를 토대로 수중의 황산이온이 응집동력학에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 각 실험조건들은 일련의 Jar Tests를 통하여 선정되었으며 상수처리시 제기될 수 있는 광범위한 탁도와 pH를 포함하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 응집 동력학을 측정하기 위하여 '자동영상분석계(AIA)' 를 이용하여 응집과정중의 입자와 크기분포와 '관상란분석계(PDA)' 를 이용한 응집과정중의 탁도변화에 관한 자료를 상호 비교하였다. 본 실험에서 도출된 결과에 의하면, Kaolin현탁물에 가해진 $10^{-3}M$의 황산이온은 응집과정에 상당히 큰 영향을 초래하였으며 응집된 입자표면의 전위(zeta potential)변하ㅗ에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 응집과정에 가해진 황산이온은 약산성($\le$ pH 6.8)에서의 응집과정을 크게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 응집 동력학의 효율증진은 황산이온이 첨가됨으로 인하여 FE(III)침전물 형성율의 촉진에 기인한 수중입자의 충돌빈도의 증가에 의한 것으로 규명 되어졌다규명 되어졌다

  • PDF

Cu pillar 범프의 금속간화합물 성장과 계면접착에너지에 관한 연구 (Study on the Intermetallic Compound Growth and Interfacial Adhesion Energy of Cu Pillar Bump)

  • 임기태;김병준;이기욱;이민재;주영창;박영배
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
    • /
    • 제15권4호
    • /
    • pp.17-24
    • /
    • 2008
  • 열처리 및 electromigration에 따른 Cu pillar 범프 내 금속간화합물의 성장거동을 비교하기 위해서 각각 $150^{\circ}C$$150^{\circ}C,\;5{\times}10^4\;A/cm^2$의 조건에서 실험을 실시하였다. 또한 금속간화합물의 성장이 Cu pillar 범프 접합부의 기계적 신뢰성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 4점굽힘강도실험을 실시하여 열처리에 따른 계면접착에너지를 평가하였다. 리플로우 후에 Cu pillar/Sn 계면에서는 $Cu_6Sn_5$만이 관찰되었지만, 열처리 및 electromigration 실험 시간이 경과함에 따라 $Cu_3Sn$이 Cu pillar와 $Cu_6Sn_5$ 사이의 계면에서 생성되어 $Cu_6Sn_5$와 함께 성장하였다. 전체($Cu_6Sn_5+Cu_3Sn$)금속간화합물의 성장거동은 Cu pillar 범프 내 Sn이 모두 소모될 때 변화하였고, 이러한 금속간화합물 성장거동의 변화는 electromigration의 경우가 열처리의 경우보다 훨씬 빠르게 나타났다. 열처리 전 시편의 계면접착에너지는 $3.37J/m^2$이고, $180^{\circ}C$에서 24시간동안 열처리한 시편의 계면접착에너지는 $0.28J/m^2$로 평가되었다. 따라서 금속간화합물의 성장은 접합부의 기계적 신뢰성에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다.

  • PDF

Sn-Ag-Bi/Cu 솔더 조인트의 aging시 금속간화합물 성장 거동 (Growth Behavior of Intermetallic Compounds in Sn-Ag-Bi/Cu Solder Joints during Aging)

  • 한상욱;박창용;허주열
    • 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2003년도 기술심포지움 논문집
    • /
    • pp.133-137
    • /
    • 2003
  • The effect of Bi additions to the eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder alloy on the growth kinetics of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layers during solid-state aging of Sn-Ag-Bi/Cu solder joints has been Investigated. The Bi additions enhanced the growth rate of the total IMC layer comprising of $Cu_6Sn_5$ and $Cu_3Sn$ sublayers. This enhanced IMC growth rate was primarily due to the rapid increase In the growth rate of $Cu_6Sn_5$ sublayer. The growth rate of $Cu_3Sn$ sublayers was little influenced and appeared to be retarded by the Bi additions. The observed growth behavior of $Cu_6Sn_5$ and $Cu_3Sn$ sublayers could be understood if the interfacial reaction barrier at the $Cu_6Sn_5/solder$ interface were reduced by the segregation of Bi at the interface.

  • PDF

Effect of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid additive on the nucleation kinetics and growth aspects of L-arginine phosphate single crystals

  • Kumar, R.Mohan;Babu, D.Rajan;Ravi, G.;Jayavel, R.
    • 한국결정성장학회지
    • /
    • 제13권4호
    • /
    • pp.153-156
    • /
    • 2003
  • Pure and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) doped L-arginine phosphate (LAP) single crystals were grown from the aqueous solution by temperature lowering method. The effect of EDTA additive on the solubility and metastable zone width of LAP solution has been investigated. Addition of EDTA has enhanced the metastable zone width of LAP and hence bulk crystals could be grown. The growth rate along the [100] direction increases with EDTA additive. Powder X-ray diffraction and FTIR studies reveal the absence of EDTA in the lattice of LAP, This reveals that the addition of EDTA to LAP doesn't influence the crystallinity. However, the transmittance and NLO properties significantly increase with EDTA additive and hence bulk LAP crystals are useful for laser fusion experiments.

Rheological properties and crystallization kinetics of polypropylene block copolymer with repeated extrusion

  • Sung Yu-taek;Seo Won Jin;Kim Jong Sung;Kim Woo Nyon;Kwak Dong-Hwan;Hwang Tae-Won
    • Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.21-25
    • /
    • 2005
  • Rheological properties and crystallization kinetics of the polypropylene (PP) block copolymer and recycled PP block copolymer were studied by advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical microscopy. In the study of the dynamic rheology, it is observed that the storage modulus and loss modulus for the PP block copolymer and recycled PP block copolymer did not change with frequency. In the study of the effect of the repeated extrusion on the crystallization rate, half crystallization time of the PP samples was increased with the number of repeated extrusion in isothermal crystallization temperature ($T_c$). From the isothermal crystallization kinetics study, the crystallization rate was decreased with the increase of the number of repeated extrusion. Also, from the result of Avrami plot, the overall crystallization rate constant (K) was decreased with the increase of the number of the repeated extrusion. From the study of the optical microscopy, the size of the spherulite of the PP samples did not change significantly with the number of repeated extrusion. However, it was clearly observed that the number of the spherulite growth sites was decreased with the number of repeated extrusion. From the results of the crystallization rate, isothermal crystallization kinetics, Avrami plots, and optical microscopy, it is suggested that the crystallization rate of the PP block copolymer is decreased with the increase of the number of repeated extrusion.

Kinetics of Cell Growth and Cyclosporin A Production by Tolypocladium inflatum when Scaling Up from Shake Flask to Bioreactor

  • El Enshasy, H.;Fattah, Y. Abdel;Atta, A.;Anwar, M.;Omar, H.;Magd, S. Abou El;Zahra, R. Abou
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제18권1호
    • /
    • pp.128-134
    • /
    • 2008
  • The kinetics of cell growth and Cyclosporin A (Cyc A) production by Tolypocladium inflatum were studied in shake flasks and bioreactors under controlled and uncontrolled pH conditions. In the case of the shake flask, the production time was extended to 226 h and the maximal antibiotic concentration was 76 mg/l. When scaling up the cultivation process to a bioreactor level, the production time was reduced to only 70h with a significant increase in both the cell growth and the antibiotic production. The maximal dry cell weights in the case of the controlled pH and uncontrolled pH cultures in the bioreactor were 22.4g/l and 14.2g/l, respectively. The corresponding maximal dry cell weight values did not exceed 7.25g/l with the shake flask cultures. The maximal values for Cyc A production were 144.72 and 131.4 mg/l for the controlled and uncontrolled pH cultures, respectively. It is also worth noting that a significant reduction was observed in both the dry cell mass and the antibiotic concentration after the Cyc A production phase, whereas the highest rate of antibiotic degradation was observed in the stirred tank bioreactor with an uncontrolled pH. Morphological characterization of the micromorphological cell growth (mycelial/pellet forms) was also performed during cultivation in the bioreactor.

Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 솔더범프의 금속간화합물 성장거동에 미치는 PCB 표면처리의 영향 (Effect of PCB Surface Finishs on Intermetallic Compound Growth Kinetics of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder Bump)

  • 정명혁;김재명;유세훈;이창우;박영배
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.81-88
    • /
    • 2010
  • Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 솔더범프의 금속간화합물 성장거동에 미치는 PCB 표면처리의 영향을 알아보기 위해서 PCB 패드 표면에 각각 OSP, immersion Sn, 그리고 ENIG를 처리하였고, 열처리는 $150^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 전류인가시 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 솔더범프의 접합부 계면반응에 미치는 표면처리의 영향을 알아보기 위해서 $150^{\circ}C$, $4{\times}10^3\;A/cm^2$ 조건에서 electromigration특성을 비교 평가하였다. 열처리시 OSP와 immersion Sn의 금속간화합물 성장거동은 서로 비슷한 경향을 보인 반면, ENIG는 다른 표면처리에 비해 훨씬 느린 성장거동을 보였다. electromigration특성 평가결과 열처리에 비해 금속간화합물의 성장이 가속화되나 표면처리별 경향은 유사하였고, 전자 이동 방향에 따른 음극-양극에서 금속간화합물 형성의 차이를 보이는 극성효과(polarity effect)가 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다.

생물적 환경정화를 위한 부착미세조류 Nitzschia sp.의 생장에 미치는 광학적 특성과 그에 따른 인산염 성장 동력학 (Effects of Optical Characteristics on the Growth of Benthic Microalga, Nitzschia sp. and Its Growth Kinetics of Phosphate for Bioremediation)

  • 오석진;강인석;윤양호;양한섭;박종식
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
    • /
    • 제14권4호
    • /
    • pp.205-212
    • /
    • 2009
  • 부착미세조류에 의한 생물적 환경정화의 가능성을 시험하기 위해서 Nitzschia sp.(진해만 클론원종)을 이용하여, 생장에 미치는 광도 및 파장의 영향과 인산염 생장 동력학 실험을 수행하였다. 파장은 발광다이오드를 이용하여 청색(450 nm), 황색(590 nm), 적색(650 nm)그리고 형광등을 이용한 복수파장이었다. 청색파장에서 Nitzschia sp.의 생장은 다른 파장보다 높았으나, $100\;{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ 이상의 광량에서는 광저해현상을 보였다. 복수파장에서도 높은 광량($100\;{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$이상)에서 최대세포밀도가 감소하는 현상이 나타났다. 진해만에서 복수파장의 보상광량($I_0$)에 해당하는 수심은 4-10 m이며, 부유물질에 따라 하계에는 수심(약 4m)이 극히 낮았다. 따라서 최대생장을 보일 수 있는 수심은 제한될 것으로 보인다. 생장동력학 실험에 따라 유도된 파장별 최대생장속도는 달랐지만, 반포화상수($K_s$)는 큰 차이가 없었다. $K_s$는 다른 부유성 미세조류와 비교하여 높아, 높은 인산염 환경에 적응되어 있으며, 세포내 인의 축척효율이 높을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 저층에 특정파장(생장 촉진효과를 보인 청색파장 등)을 주사함으로써 Nitzschia sp.의 생장을 촉진시켜 부영양화 된 저질의 영양염을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 이에 따라 빈산소 문제도 해소할 수 있어 생물적 환경정화에 유용한 대상 종으로 생각된다.