• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2024

Offshore wind power generation has significant advantages, including enhanced energy security and job creation. However, despite these benefits, South Korea has not fully utilized its potential in this sector. In contrast, offshore wind power industry development in Europe has been driven by government leadership. Drawing from this experience, South Korea also needs to relax regulations, strengthen necessary infrastructure, and enhance financial support systems to activate the offshore wind power industry. For this, sustained government leadership is absolutely essential. Without addressing the capacity issues in the power grid, we cannot expect offshore wind power generation to succeed. To address grid issues, we propose the enactment of a special law called the "Special Act on Grid Expansion." Considering KEPCO's financial situation, private investment should be encouraged for grid construction. The role of developers is crucial for the successful development and operation of offshore wind power. They manage risks throughout various stages, from site acquisition to construction and operation, which have a significant impact on the success or failure of projects. Since domestic developers currently lack experience in offshore wind power, a cooperative strategy that leverages the experience and technology of advanced countries is necessary. Energy issues should be recognized as important tasks beyond mere political ideologies, as they are crucial for the survival of the nation and its development. It is essential to form a public consensus and implement ways for residents to coexist with offshore wind power, along with the conservation of marine ecosystems and effective communication with stakeholders. Expansion of the offshore wind power industry requires support in various areas, including financial and tax incentives, technology research investment, and workforce development. In particular, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 necessitates the activation of offshore wind power alongside efforts by major corporations to transition to renewable energy. South Korea, surrounded by the sea, holds significant offshore wind power potential, and it is our responsibility to harness it as a sustainable energy source for future generations. To activate the offshore wind power market, we need to provide financial and tax support, develop infrastructure and research, and foster a skilled workforce. As major corporations transition to renewable energy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, offshore wind power must play a significant role. It is our responsibility to fully utilize South Korea's potential and make offshore wind power a new driver of growth.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.93-104
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• 2019

The entrepreneurship can be a source of national growth potential as behavioral tendencies of people who seek innovation, take risks of failure, and proactively respond to opportunities. In particular, in the economic situation of Korea where growth has been stagnated, it is necessary to strengthen the entrepreneurship of women which is relatively lower than men's in order to activate the start-up and economic participation of the whole people. In this regard, this study focuses not only on gender differences in entrepreneurship but also on the hidden impact of social contexts that cause gender differences in entrepreneurship. Specifically, this study examined the moderating effects of childbirth, a factor that reflects the social context of Korea in the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. According to the results of the model that includes the interaction effect of these variables in addition to the independent effects of gender and childbirth, the gender effect disappeared, while the significant effect of both the childbirth variable and the interaction variable of gender and childbirth were confirmed. Furthermore, according to additional analysis, which identified the differences in entrepreneurship by creating four types of treatment groups based on gender and childbirth status, entrepreneurship was significantly lower in the 'female and childbirth' group than in all other groups. The difference between the remaining treatment groups was not statistically significant. These results indicate that differences in entrepreneurship levels between men and women overlap not with the unique trait of men and women, but with the social contextual effects of Korea, where women are under the full burden of childbirth and parenting. This study suggests implications that effective policy measures to promote women's entrepreneurship or economic activity should be taken by taking into account the social context of Korea that suppresses women's entrepreneurial behavior.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2020

This experiment was conducted to solve the failure of fruiting body production in the bottle cultivation of the oyster mushroom cultivar 'Heuktari'. The effects of incubation temperature on primordium formation and fruiting body yield of the oyster mushroom cultivar 'Heuktari' were investigated. The proper temperature for mycelium growth of 'Heuktari' on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium is 23-26℃. The mycelial growth of 'Heuktari' was faster than that of Chunchu 2ho. During mycelial culture in sawdust medium, the temperature of the medium in the bottle initially increased, reached the highest point in the middle of the culture, and then decreased. The higher the set temperature, the shorter the incubation period. When the incubation temperatures were 20℃ and 24℃, respectively, the undeveloped primordium formation rates were low (1.8% and 4.2%, respectively). However, the rate of undeveloped primordium formation increased, and the yield decreased at incubation temperatures of 16℃ and 28℃. Mushroom farms that set incubation temperatures to 18℃ and maintained the medium temperature at less than 28℃ showed undeveloped primordium formation rates ranging between 0.3-0.8%. The rate of undeveloped primordium formation increased and the yield decreased in the farms with high incubation temperatures (above 28℃). We found that in order to reduce undeveloped primordium formation, the air inside the incubation room should be circulated continuously so that the temperature of the medium does not rise above 28℃, and dense incubation conditions should be avoided.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.103-114
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• 1995

These experiments were conducted for decrease of injury by continuous cropping in the peanut fields of Chonbuk Wangkungarea. The continuous cropping field for four years was used in this experiment. Italian ryegrass and rye were cultivated andlime materials were distributed for improvement of soil fertility. The results were as follows; 1. Forage crops were cultivatedand lime materials were distributed on the continuous cropping field of peanut. The organic matter content of the expermentalplot cultivating Italian ryegrass was only 1.25%. The organic matter content of soil cultivated Italian ryegrass after distributedmagnesium lime was 1.37% and that of soil cultivated Italian ryegrass after distributed gypsum was 1.30%. It was highcontent comparing to that of soil distributed lime materials only. The organic matter content of soil cultivated rye after distributed gypsum was 1.77%. 2. The phosphate content of soil cutivated Italian ryegrass was 332ppm. The phosphate content ofsoil cultivated Italian ryegrass after distributed magnesium lime was 34Oppm and that of soil cultivated Italian ryegrass afterdistributed gypsum was 31 2ppm. The phosphate content of soil cultivated rye only was 386ppm. The phosphate content ofsoil cultivated rye after distributed gypsum was 41 8ppm. This phosphate content was lower than that of soil distributed limematerials only. 3. The phytotoxin content of soil cultivated Italian ryegrass after distributed magnesium lime was decreased to17.7% and that of soil cultivated Italian ryegrass after distributed gypsum was decreased to 25.3%. The phytotoxin content ofsoil cultivated rye after distributed magnesium lime was decreased to 12.0% and that of soil cultivated rye after distributedgypsum was decreased to 12.8% comparing to the phytotoxin content of soil distributed lime materials only. Italian ryegrasswas effective to decrease phytotoxin among the forage crops and gypsum was effective among the lime materials. 4. Abacterial wilt and a late spot of peanut which were known as, main reason of continuous cropping failure were surveyed.lnccidence of a bacterial wilt was 3.4% in the plot cultivated Italian ryegrass only and that was 2.9% in the plot cultivated ryeonly. lnccidence of a bacterial wilt was 2.5% in the plot cultivated Italian ryegrass after distributed magnesium lime and thatwas 2.3% in the plot cultivated rye after distributed gypsum. Inccidence plot cultivated forage crops was lower than that of plotdistributed lime materials. 5. Inccidence of a late spot was high in the plot cultivated forage crops ony, but it was low in the plotcultivated forage crops after distributed lime materials comparing to that of the control plot. 6. The growth and yield of peanutwere bad in the plot cultivated forage crops only comparing to the control plot distributed lime materials only. These resultswere same in the plot cultivated rye after distributed lime materials, but the growth and yield were grown up in the plotcultured Italian ryegrass after distributed lime materials.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.37
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• pp.159-195
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• 2014

An animation film, , is a work that declared a perfect revival of Disney. It is considered that the success was the result of its impressive theme song and characters working influentially. The main characters let audience experience empathy as well as catharsis by building the image of women making their own future without relying on men, and among the characters, Elsa is still popular even if one year has passed since its premiere in Korea. In the narrative genre, the character's degree of completion is regarded to be so important that it can even determine the work's success or failure. Accordingly, to analyze the personality structure among the major components of character rising, this study focuses on the psychodynamics of fear and desire which determines the directions of thought or behavior. Fear is the emotion attributed not to a real threat but to an ominous assumption about the future. Because fear that is originated from the memory of any deficit or suppression distorts our sound needs, escaping from fear means facing the reality. To verify the unique psychodynamics of the characters, the researcher analyzed the hierarchy of their attitudes, psychological dispositions, and psychic functions by using 'MBTI Personality Typology'. According to the results, (1) Elsa and Anna are in a conflicting relationship in terms of psychic functions. Although they are the combination that shows the highest possibility of conflict, the two sisters overcome it basically grounded on fellowship and family love. (2) Although Hans and Kristoff, too, are against each other in terms of psychic functions, the two male characters do not interact with each other in the work. (3) Hans is a person equipped with psychic functions that can complement both Elsa and Anna the most effectively, but he abuses it and turns into the most fatal opponent to them. (4) Olaf is a type of person combining Anna's attitudes with Elsa's psychological dispositions. And according to the results of analyzing the frequency of expressing fear and desire, (1) Elsa employs overwhelming fear and Anna and others characters use desire as the major drive of their behavior. (2) Fear is the underlying deficit internalized in every character and is attributed to 'the deficit of family love', and as a result, they all share the pain of 'loneliness and isolation'. It is thought that analyzing psychodynamics will help us understand the character's growth tale, that is, the narration that they distort their desire for the first motive to avoid fear and end up being ruled by it, and also, they realize the underlying reason for the distorted desire in the process of getting rid of their own fear and reach self-healing. Lastly, regarding character rising in the animation, it is expected that the directions and analysis results of this research will be referred to as a database in creating characters and setting up relations among them.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.121-139
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• 2014

Predicting corporate failure has been an important topic in accounting and finance. The costs associated with bankruptcy are high, so the accuracy of bankruptcy prediction is greatly important for financial institutions. Lots of researchers have dealt with the topic associated with bankruptcy prediction in the past three decades. The current research attempts to use ensemble models for improving the performance of bankruptcy prediction. Ensemble classification is to combine individually trained classifiers in order to gain more accurate prediction than individual models. Ensemble techniques are shown to be very useful for improving the generalization ability of the classifier. Bagging is the most commonly used methods for constructing ensemble classifiers. In bagging, the different training data subsets are randomly drawn with replacement from the original training dataset. Base classifiers are trained on the different bootstrap samples. Instance selection is to select critical instances while deleting and removing irrelevant and harmful instances from the original set. Instance selection and bagging are quite well known in data mining. However, few studies have dealt with the integration of instance selection and bagging. This study proposes an improved bagging ensemble based on instance selection using genetic algorithms (GA) for improving the performance of SVM. GA is an efficient optimization procedure based on the theory of natural selection and evolution. GA uses the idea of survival of the fittest by progressively accepting better solutions to the problems. GA searches by maintaining a population of solutions from which better solutions are created rather than making incremental changes to a single solution to the problem. The initial solution population is generated randomly and evolves into the next generation by genetic operators such as selection, crossover and mutation. The solutions coded by strings are evaluated by the fitness function. The proposed model consists of two phases: GA based Instance Selection and Instance based Bagging. In the first phase, GA is used to select optimal instance subset that is used as input data of bagging model. In this study, the chromosome is encoded as a form of binary string for the instance subset. In this phase, the population size was set to 100 while maximum number of generations was set to 150. We set the crossover rate and mutation rate to 0.7 and 0.1 respectively. We used the prediction accuracy of model as the fitness function of GA. SVM model is trained on training data set using the selected instance subset. The prediction accuracy of SVM model over test data set is used as fitness value in order to avoid overfitting. In the second phase, we used the optimal instance subset selected in the first phase as input data of bagging model. We used SVM model as base classifier for bagging ensemble. The majority voting scheme was used as a combining method in this study. This study applies the proposed model to the bankruptcy prediction problem using a real data set from Korean companies. The research data used in this study contains 1832 externally non-audited firms which filed for bankruptcy (916 cases) and non-bankruptcy (916 cases). Financial ratios categorized as stability, profitability, growth, activity and cash flow were investigated through literature review and basic statistical methods and we selected 8 financial ratios as the final input variables. We separated the whole data into three subsets as training, test and validation data set. In this study, we compared the proposed model with several comparative models including the simple individual SVM model, the simple bagging model and the instance selection based SVM model. The McNemar tests were used to examine whether the proposed model significantly outperforms the other models. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the other models.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.731-736
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• 2005

Purpose : Acute pyogenic osteomyelitis is uncommon in children. Delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment are leading to growth failure and deformation. We review the clinical manifestations and treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children according to age. Methods : A retrospective analysis was made of 32 patients who underwent antibiotic management or operation between Aug 1989 and Dec 2003 for acute pyogenic osteomyelitis in age from 0 to 15 years old. Results : The study group was composed of 21 boys and 11 girls. The subjects were divided into four groups according to age : 0-1 yr(n=6), 1-5 yr(n=11), 6-10 yr(n=8), and 11-15 yr(n=7). Nineteen cases were diagnosed in Winter. Femur was the most common infected site(37.5%). There were no predisposing factor in 17 patients, and 7 of 15 patients had trauma history. Sepsis was important predisposing factor in neonates. The chief complaints were pain, swelling and fever. S. aureus(61%) is the most common organism. Twenty-nine patients were treated with operation and concomitant antibiotics. Two cases had sequelae in follow-up period : One is avascular necrosis of femur and the other is discrepancy of leg length. Conclusion : In our review, because of poor prognosis in septic neonates, we recommend to treat actively neonatal sepsis and prevent or detect osteomyelitis early. Because most of patients were diagnosed and treated in orthopedic surgery, the rate of operation was too high. So, protocol for further evaluation and management of acute osteomyelitis in pediatric patients were needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1980

The witches' broom disease of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud with which mycoplasmalike organisms are associated is widespread throughout Korea and poses serious threat to the cultivation of paulownia. Attempt was made to investigate the feasibility of field control of the disease with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC). A total of 84 paulownia trees (6 year-old, DBH: 10-15cm) exhibiting severe symptoms of witches' broom were selected and treated during March to September. Solution of 1-10g of OTC dissolved in 0.1­2.0 of water was transfused into infected trees with gravity flow method from a dark-brown colored plastic reservoir (11 volume) through plastic tubes (1.2m long) connected to 2-4 holes (5 mm in diameter and 4-5cm in depth) bored in the basal part of the tree trunks (Fig. 1 and 2). Of 60 diseased paulownia trees injected with 2g of OTC in 0.1-2.0l of water during May to September, 1979, 58 trees resulted in complete remission of symptom development and resumption of healthy new growth at least up to September, 1980 when the last observation of the effect of OTC treatment for this experiment was made. The rest of two trees were dead probably due to too severe infection. Of 24 paulownia trees treated in March and April, 1979 complete remission of symptom development was obtained with 8 trees, and nine trees were partially prevented from symptom development in the following season. The remaining 7 trees were dead due to failure in uptake of OTC and partly because the trees were in too far advanced stage of infection. Application of highly concentrated solution of 2g of OTC dissolved in 0.1-0.2l of water per tree was just as effective as the 2g/1-2l treatment. Injection of 2g/1-2l required 3-4 days while treatment of 2g/0.1-0.2l reduced the time for injecting one tree down to less than 24 hrs. The result of this experiment demonstrates that basal trunk injection of 2g OTC/0.1-0.2l/tree is feasible for field control of paulownia witches' broom, provided that tree injection is performed in actively growing season (May-September) and at the initial stage of disease development.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

The Lean Startup, a methodology for minimizing failure rate of startups, has been receiving attention since its publication in 2011. Although it has been receiving enormous attention as an effective methodology of startups' growth and the emergence of unicorn companies, it is undeniable that the theoretical research and cases on this topic have not been fully accumulated in Korea. Progress of management theory has been made when combining the theory and case studies. In this paper, we thus excavated the 'Cardoc' case, which has applied the lean startup concept to the entire process of service and customer development from the inception of its product design. The following are the findings of the case. First, for the successful application of lean startup, it is essential that all team members to understand the lean startup concept and are willing to apply it thoroughly to the business management. Second, the prompt launching of MVP(Minimum Viable Product) is more important than table discussion. Third, it is crucial to select the appropriate key metrics and analytic tools for effective learning. Fourth, startup must scale up promptly as soon as it verifies the product-market fit through the BML(Build-Measure-Learn) iteration cycle. Fifth, all new business expansion should be lean. Cardoc is currently testing new MVPs in order to move onto the next scale-up process with huge investments in newly added segments. This study is meaningful in that it elaborates the representative case of a Korean startup that has applied the lean startup strategy under the circumstance of insufficient discussion of Korean startup cases in comparison with growing attention both in concept development and case accumulation abroad. We hope that this paper can be a stepping stone for future relevant research on the implementation of lean startup methodology in Korea.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 2002

Purpose; Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multi-system involvement and renal damage is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Renal involvement is more common and severe in children than in adults. Therefore, renal biopsy plays a crucial role in planning effective therapy. In this study, we investigated the clinical and pathological findings of lupus nephritis in children to aid clinical care of the disease. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 40 patients who were diagnosed as SLE with renal involvement in Shinchon Severance Hospital from Jan. 1990 to Sep. 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The ratio of male to female patients was 1:3 and the median age at diagnosis was 12.1(2-18) years old. FANA(95.0%), anti-ds DNA antibody(87.5%), malar rash(80.0%) were the most common findings among the classification criteria by ARA. Microscopic hematuria with proteinuria(75.0%), nephrotic syndrome(55.0%), and microscopic hematuria alone(15.0%) were the most common renal presentations in the respective order at diagnosis. There were 27 cases with WHO class IV lupus nephritis confirmed by renal biopsy and 3 cases with pathological changes of WHO class type. Different treatment modalities were carried out : prednisolone only in 5 cases, prednisol-one+azat-hioprine in 9 cases, prednisolone+azathioprine+intravenous cyclophosphamide in 14 cases, prednisolone+cyclosporine A+intravenous cyclophosphamide in 12 cases, plasma exchange in 9 cases and intravenous gamma-globulin in 2 cases. The average follow-up period was $51.8{\pm}40.5$ months. During $51.8{\pm}40.5$ months. During follow-up, 4 patients expired. The risk factors associated with mortality were male, WHO class IV and acute renal failure at diagnosis. Conclusion: Renal involvement was noted in 63.5% of childhood SLE, and 67.5% of renal lesion was WHO class IV lupus nephritis which is known to be associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore aggressive treatment employing immunosuppressant during the early stages of disease could be helpful in improving long-term prognosis. But careful attention should be given to optimize the treatment due to unique problems associated with growth, psychosocial development and gonadal toxicity, especially in children.