• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain fundamental information of growth response of interior landscape plants under a fluorescent lighting, a sunlight at indoor. Ficus elastica Roxb. vu. decora Hort, Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii', Codiaeum variegatum Blume var. pictum Mvell. Arg. 'Exalant' and Cordyline terminalis Kunth var. red edge Hort were examined under 100lux, 500lux, 1,000lux and 2,000lux light intensity consisted of fluorescent lighting and sunlight at indoor condition. Result of experiments are as follows; 1. A Ficus elastica Roxb. var. decora Hort plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status showed the best result under 2,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting in cases of all conditions. 2. A Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii' showed the best effective adaptations under law intensity among experimental plants. A Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii', plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status showed the best result under 1,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting in cases of all conditions. 3. It need the best high establishment of fluorescent lighting among experimental plants for good plant growth. A Codiaeum variegatum Blume var. pictum Mvell. Arg. 'Exalant' plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status was better showed under high light intensity in case of same light source. A plant growth status showed the best result under 2,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting. 4. A Cordyline terminalis Kunth var. red edge Hort plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. but, A plant growth status was better showed under $500lux\sim1,000lux$ than 2,000lux in cases of all intensity of fluorescent lighting. while, A plant growth status was better showed under $1,000lux\sim2,000lux$ in cases of all intensity of sunlight.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.344-351
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• 1996

Microorganisms growing alcoholic distillery wastes were isolated from soil. Of them, the selected strain EL-9 had a capability of accumulating poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) when grown in alcoholic distillery wastes. The strain EL-9 was identified as a genus Actinobacillus based on the morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. The strain EL-9 was named temporarily as Actino- bacillus sp. EL-9. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth of Actinobacillus sp. EL-9 were 30$\circ$C and 7.0, respectively. The optimal medium compositions for cell growth comprised glucose 2%, NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$ 0.15%, Na$_{2}$HP0$_{4}$-12H$_{2}$O 0.25%, KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$ 0.25%, MgSO$_{4}$4-7H$_{2}$O 0.15%, FeSO$_{4}$-7H$_{2}$O 0.005%, CaCl$_{2}$-2H$_{2}$O 0.003% and trace element solution 5m/l. To investigate the optimal conditions for PHB production, two-stage culture technique was used. The result showed that the optimal conditions for PHB production are identical those for cell growth. When propionic acid was added as a cosubstrate, PHB/HV copolymer was produced.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2008

Aerobic bacterial growth on Korean pan.fried meat patties as a primary quality deterioration factor was modeled as a function of temperature to estimate microbial spoilage on a real.time basis under dynamic storage conditions. Bacteria counts in the stretch.wrapped foods held at constant temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$ were measured throughout storage. The bootstrapping method was applied to generate many resampled data sets of mean microbial counts, which were then used to estimate the parameters of the microbial growth model of Baranyi & Roberts in the form of differential equations. The temperature functions of the primary model parameters were set up with confidence limits. Incorporating the temperature dependent parameters into the differential equations of bacterial growth could produce predictions closely representing the experimental data under constant and fluctuating temperature conditions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

Iris laevigata is geographically restricted and legally protected in Korea. In this study, a mesocosm study was conducted to examine the effects of environmental conditions such as water levels and soil nutrient conditions on the growth and survival of I. laevigata seedlings. Complete submergence lowered the total number of leaves, biomass, and survival rates. A rise in soil nutrients increased overall seedling growth and increased tiller numbers via the promotion of asexual reproduction. Also, we found that the lowest measured values of seedlings are associated with the most stressful condition due to the interaction of low soil nutrients and high water levels. I. laevigata seedlings, however, are distributed in low-nutrient habitats such as floating mat, even though they do not grow well under these conditions. This study suggests that I. laevigata does not prefer low-nutrient condition but choose another benefit such as low competition. Also, the water level must be lower than the seedling height for effective growth and management of I. laevigata.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2021

The fungal isolate Isaria javanica pf185 has potential as a mycopesticide because it demonstrates insecticidal activity against the green peach aphid and antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. For commercialization of this isolate, determination of the optimal and least expensive culture conditions is required; however, these data are not currently available. This study describes the conditions for optimal development of conidia and production of metabolites for the biocontrol of the fungal pathogen. The optimal culture conditions were examined using cultures on solid agar and liquid media. High growth temperature enhanced spore formation but reduced antifungal activity in both solid and liquid media. The highest spore yield was obtained in a medium containing glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source. Soybean powder and wheat bran were effective nitrogen sources that promoted spore production and antifungal activity of the isolate. These results revealed the basic, cost-effective growth media for commercial production of a biopesticide with insecticidal and antifungal properties for use in integrated pest management.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.94-108
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• 2023

Termitomyces sp. that grow in symbiosis with fungus-farming Termites have medicinal properties. However, they are rare in nature, and their artificial culture is challenging. The expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules favor the growth of cancer cells. The study evaluated the optimal conditions for the artificial culture of Termitomyces and their inhibitory activity on AXL and immune checkpoint molecules in lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines. The culture of 45 strains of Termitomyces was compared. Five strains with marked growth rates were selected. Four of the selected strains form a single cluster by sequence analysis. The mycelium of 4 selected strains produces more fungal mass in potato dextrose broth than in a mixed media. The bark was the most appropriate solid substrate for Termitomyces mycelia culture. The mycelium of all five selected strains showed a higher growth rate under normal CO₂ conditions. The culture broth, methanol, and ethyl acetate of one selected strain (T-120) inhibited the mRNA relative expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules in cancer cell lines. Overall, these results suggest the potential usefulness of Termitomyces extracts as a coadjuvant therapy in malignant diseases.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2024

As the limitations of Moore's Law become evident, there has been growing interest in advanced packaging technologies. Among various 3D packaging techniques, Cu-SiO₂ hybrid bonding has gained attention in heterogeneous devices. However, certain issues, such as its high-temperature processing conditions and copper oxidation, can affect electrical properties and mechanical reliability. Therefore, we studied depositing only a heterometal on top of the Cu in Cu-SiO₂ composite substrates to prevent copper surface oxidation and to lower bonding process temperature. The heterometal needs to be deposited as an ultra-thin layer of less than 10 nm, for copper diffusion. We established the process conditions for depositing a Co film using a Co(EtCp)₂ precursor and utilizing plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), which allows for precise atomic level thickness control. In addition, we attempted to use a growth inhibitor by growing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) material, octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS), on a SiO₂ substrate to selectively suppress the growth of Co film. We compared the growth behavior of the Co film under various PEALD process conditions and examined their selectivity based on the ODTS growth time.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2014

As global warming continues over the coming century, marine organisms will experience a warmer, more acidic ocean. Although these stressors may behave antagonistically or synergistically and will impact organisms both directly (i.e., physiologically) and indirectly (i.e., through altered species interactions), few studies have examined the complexities of these effects in combination. To address these uncertainties, we examined the independent and combined effects of elevated temperature and $pCO_2$ on the physiology of the adult sporophyte stage of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, and the grazing of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. While elevating $pCO_2$ alone had no effect on M. pyrifera growth or photosynthetic carbon uptake, elevating temperature alone resulted in a significant reduction in both. However, when M. pyrifera was grown under elevated temperature and $pCO_2$ together, growth and photosynthetic carbon uptake significantly increased relative to ambient conditions, suggesting an interaction of these factors on photosynthetic physiology. S. purpuratus held under future conditions generally exhibited reduced growth, and smaller gonads than urchins held under present-day conditions. However, urchins fed kelp grown under future conditions showed higher growth rates, partially ameliorating this effect. Feeding rates were variable over the course of the experiment, with only the first feeding rate experiment showing significantly lower rates for urchins held under future conditions. Together, these data suggest that M. pyrifera may benefit physiologically from a warmer, more acidic (i.e., higher $pCO_2$) ocean while S. purpuratus will likely be impacted negatively. Given that kelp-urchin interactions can be important to kelp forest structure, changes to either of these populations may have serious consequences for many coastal environments.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.94-97
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• 1995

In 1994, an abnormal rice growth was observed in a 0.5-ha scale farmer's field located at Chogye-Myeon, Hapcheon-Gun, Gyeongnam Province where rice cv. Hwayeongbyeo was seeded directly in dry paddy field conditions. The major symptoms were less stands per acreage, short leaf length, and hypertrophy of root tip portion. The disorder was identified as rice seeding bight caused by Rhizopus sp. The average plant stand per m2 in the infested field was 108, while it was 375 in the normal field, and leaf growth was retarded to less than one-third of healthy plant. The average leaf lengths of infected and healthy seedlings were 12.8cm and 38.9cm, respectively. When the infected seedlings were transplanted to pots, flooded-soil conditions developed no new root growth but upland conditions allowed 11.2 new roots emerging. The length of newly emerged root in infested soil was 5.3cm in upland and 7.1cm in intermediate flooding conditions. However, it was 10.9cm in non-infested soil with intermediate flooding conditions. When the plants were matured, the stem length of infected plants was reduced slightly as compared to normal plants, whereas the length of panicle was not significantly different between infected and healthy plants. The number of panicle per plant, however, greatly different with variation of infection degree. Grain quality such as the number of complete and incomplete grains per panicle, the complete grain weight per panicle, and the weight of 1000 grains was not significantly different.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.322-322
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• 2017

To avoid drought stress under rainfed upland conditions, it is important for rice to efficiently utilize water at shallow soil layers supplied by rainfall, and access to water retained in deer soil layers. The root developmental characteristics of rice, which play important role in the adaptability to drought conditions, vary depending on the variety. Moreover, water availability for plant differs depending on the soil types that have different physical properties such as water holding capacity, permeability, capillary force, penetration resistance, etc. In this study, we evaluated growth and yield responses of rice varieties to various soil water deficit conditions under three different soil types. The experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization-Mwea from October 2016 to January 2017. Two upland varieties (NERICA 1 and 4) and one lowland variety (Komboka) were grown in handmade PVC pots (15.2 cm diameter and 85.0 cm height) filled with three different types of soil collected from major rice-growing areas of the country, namely black cotton (BC), red clay (RC), and sandy clay (SC). Three watering methods, 1) supplying water only from the soil surface (W1), 2) supplying water only from the bottom of the pots (W2), and 3) supplying water both from the soil surface and the bottom of pots (W3), were imposed from 40 days after sowing to maturity. Soil water content (SWC) at 20, 40, and 60 cm depths was measured regularly. At the harvesting stage, aboveground and root samples were collected to determine total dry weight (TDW), grain yield, and root length at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm soil layers. Irrespective of the watering methods, the greatest root development was obtained in RC, while that in BC was less than other two soils. In BC, the degree of yield reduction under W1 was less than that in RC and SC, which could be attributed to the higher water holding capacity of BC. In RC, the growth and yield reduction observed in all varieties under W1 was attributed to the severe drought stress. On the other hand, under W2, SWC at the shallow soil depth in RC was maintained because of its higher capillary force compared with BC and SC. As the result, growths and yields in RC were not suppressed under W2. In SC, deep root development was not promoted by W2 irrespective of the varieties, which resulted in significant yield losses. Under W1, the rice growth and yield in SC was decreased although shallow root development was enhanced, and the stomatal conductance was maintained higher than RC. It was suspected that W1 caused nutrients leaching in SC because of its higher permeability. Under rainfed conditions, growth and yield of rice can be strongly affected by soil types because dynamics of soil water conditions change according to soil physical properties.