• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2021

The dung beetle, Gymnopleurus mopsus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is one of endangered species in South Korea. It was last recorded in 1971. To restore this species, we introduced G. mopsus populations from eastern and southern regions of Mongolia in July 2019 and August 2019, respectively. One of the main tasks for the restoration of endangered insects is to develop breeding techniques to eventually incorporate these insects into the restoration system. In a series of laboratory experiments, we investigated effects of short-term hibernation periods on life-history traits of G. mopsus. Adult G. mopsus that had hibernated for 30, 60, and 90 days had lower survival rates than adults that had hibernated for 120 days. We also compared developmental time of these four experimental groups and found a significant difference in the egg - phase. However, the duration of hibernation did not affect the fecundity, brood-ball size, or body size of F1 adults. Follow-up studies are currently being conducted to further investigate the effect of a short-term hibernation period on population growth of G. mopsus under laboratory conditions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.741-746
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the influence of exogenous p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and transplanted tumor cell growth in nude mice. Materials and Methods: A549 cells were divided into the following groups: control, non-carrier (NC), PUMA (transfected with pCEP4-(HA) 2-PUMA plasmid), DDP ($10{\mu}g/mL$ cisplatin treatment) and PUMA+DDP (transfected with pCEP4-(HA)2-PUMA plasmid and $10{\mu}g/mL$ cisplatin treatment). The MTT method was used to detect the cell survival rate. Cell apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry, and PUMA, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting. Results: Compared to the control group, the PUMA, DDP and PUMA+DDP groups all had significantly decreased A549 cell proliferation (p<0.01), with the largest reduction in the PUMA+DDP group. Conversely, the apoptosis rates of the three groups were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the PUMA and DDP treatments were synergistic. Moreover, Bax protein levels significantly increased (p<0.01), while Bcl-2 protein levels significantly decreased (p<0.01). Finally, both the volume and the weights of transplanted tumors were significantly reduced (p<0.01), and the inhibition ratio of the PUMA+DDP group was significantly higher than in the single DDP or PUMA groups. Conclusions: Exogenous PUMA effectively inhibited lung cancer A549 cell proliferation and transplanted tumor growth by increasing Bax protein levels and reducing Bcl-2 protein levels.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.365-369
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal blade size and timing to transplant seed-stock of Ecklonia cava Kjellman onto the reef structure. We used the modified artificial stepped reef structure. A total of 14 units (3.0 m length ${\times}$ 3.5 m width ${\times}$ 1.1 m height) were deployed 7-8 m deep under the water to examine the optimal blade size and timing to transplant seed-stock of E. cava onto the structures. Sporophytes of E. cava <1 cm in length were all died within 1 month of transplantation. The blades of 5-10 cm in length which were transplanted in March 2007 survived and grew well on the artificial reefs. Growth rates of 5-10 cm size class were higher than those of longer blade sporophytes (20-30 cm size class, transplanted in April) while the survival rates showed no difference between the classes of blade size. Both classes of 5-10 and 20-30 cm in length grew until July, and a reduction in size had occurred in September. These results indicate the importance of the blade size of E. cava and timing for successful transplantation of the seaweed on artificial reef structures.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

This study was conducted to compare cold tolerances and growth rates of 5 basic species, commercial lines, and breeding lines of zoysiagrass. Total 41 zoysiagrasses were tested at the northern part (Jeokseong-myeon) and the middle part (Cheonan) of South Korea. Cold tolerance (survival rate during winter), growth rate, green-up speed, and density data were collected visually. Four types of zoysiagrasses (Z. matrella, Z. tenuifolia, USm, and S4M2) with genetic characteristics of Z. matrella died during winter cold, while the others survived. Midium leaf type zoysiagrasses, such as Anyang1, Samdeock1, Anyang2, SJ21, and Pyeongdong, with genetic characteristics of both Z. sinica and Z. macrostachya showed vigorous growth rate one year after planting at the northern part (Jeokseong-myeon). Twenty nine ($70.7\%$) zoysiagrasses showed vigorous growth rate, but the other twelve ($29.3\%$) zoysiagrasses died by cold and drought condition at the middle (Cheonan) part of S. Korea. Anyang2, AJ9-7, Samdeock1, Samdeock2, Samdeock3, and Zenith-C showed vigorous growth rate even though cold and drought environmental condition were artificially provided at these region. But, SJ2-19, NSm, 88Mey, 88Mey-7S, 88Mey-9S, SJ2l-10, ASm, and DBm which did not die at the northern part, showed serious injury at the middle part of S. korea. From this results, we can conclude that drought is as important factor as low temperature for zoysiagrasses during winter.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.202-206
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• 2003

This study was conducted to compare the growth status of aerial parts, photosynthesis and microclimate between fixing light transmittance (Control) and changing light transmittance (C.L.T.) during ginseng growing seasons. Control showed 8％ light transmittance rate during growing seasons. But C.L.T. showed 18％ light transmittance rate during early (April-June) and late growth stage (September-October) and 6％ light transmittance rate middle growth stage(July-August). Air temperature, leaking water rate and soil water content of C.L.T. was higher than those of control during early and late growth stage. But Air temperature, leaking water rate and soil water content of C.L.T was lower than those of control during middle growth stage C.L.T. exhibited superiority in survival ratio, stem diameter, stem length, L.A.I. and stem angle compared to control. Chlorophyll content of C.L.T. was lower than that of control but S.L.W., stomatal opening and photosynthetic rates of C.L.T. was higher than those of control. Also Alternaria blight disease and defoliation of C.L.T. was lower than those of control.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

Since significant losses of seagrass coverage have been reported from many parts of the world, numerous restoration projects through seagrass transplantation have been attempted worldwide. Different survival rates and establishment time of transplants have been reported depending on transplanting time and methods. The staple method, which is direct seagrass planting method using staples to anchor seagrass transplants on the sediments, have been widely adopted in seagrass transplanting because this method achieves high survival rates in various sediment environments. To assess the morphological plasticity and the growth characteristics of transplants, we transplanted eelgrass, Zostera marina in December 2004 using the staple method. Shoot density, morphological characteristics and leaf productivities of the transplanted shoots and shoots of natural eelgrass beds in the vicinity of the transplanting site and environmental parameters in the planting site were monitored for about 1 year postplanting monthly. Transplant shoot density increased without initial decline, while leaf width and sheath length of transplants decreased after transplanting. Leaf productivities per shoot of transplants also considerably lower than those of natural shoots for the first 3 months post-transplanting. Shoot density, morphological characteristics and leaf productivity per area of transplants became similar to those of natural population about 1 year after transplanting. Although eelgrass transplants might have experienced some transplanting stress during the early stage of the transplantation, transplants appeared to adapt well to new environments of the transplanting site.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.502-509
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• 2011

It is important to determine optimum soil covering depths for tree survival and growth because soil covering depths for establishing tree planting bases in coastal reclaimed lands are related to the costs for soil collection, transportation and land reclamation. The objectives of this study were carried out to determine optimum soil covering depths for the normal growth of planted trees in a coastal reclaimed land. The study sites were located in Asan National Industrial Complex in Pyeongtaek City, Gyeonggi-do. Four tree species (Pinus thunbergii, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Zelkova serrata, Quercus acutissima) with one hundred eighty trees of each species were planted in various depths of soil covering (no soil covering, 0.5 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m soil covering treatments) on April 1998, and the tree growth patterns were measured on September 2000. The change of soil properties, tree mortality rate, root collar diameter and height growth were measured from each soil covering depth treatment on September 2000. Soil pH, EC, exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$), anion $Cl^-$, and base saturation increased with decreased soil covering depths. The mortality rates of tree species showed decreased with increased soil covering depths. The height growth of tree species increased with increased soil covering depths. Height growth of Pinus thunbergii was significantly different between the soil covering depth below 0.5m and other three covering depths, while the growth of other species (C. pisifera, Z. serrata, Q. acutissima) was significantly higher in soil covering depths below 1.5 m than in other soil covering depth treatments. The root collar diameter growth of all tree species showed increasing trends with increased soil covering depths. It is recommended to cover the soil depths above 1.5 m to decrease mortality and to stimulate the tree growth of C. pisifera, Z. serrata and Q. acutissima, while P. thunbergii which is a salt tolerate species could be planted in the 1.0 m soil covering depth.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2001

Purpose : The aim of this study was to clarify the role of VEGF expression as an independent prognostic factor and to identify the patients at high risk for poor prognosis in stage IB cervical cancer. Materials and methods : A total of 118 patients with stage IB cervical cancer who had radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were included in the study. All known high risk factors of the patients were pathologically confirmed from the surgical specimen. Of the 118 patients, n patients were treated with postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. VEGF expression was examined using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of post-hysterectomy surgical materials. A semiquantitative analysis was made using a scoring system of 0, +, ++, and +++ for increasing intensity of stain. We classified the patients with scores from 0 to ++ as low VEGF expression and the patients with a score of +++ as high VEGF expression. Results : Of the 118 patients, 35 patients $(29.7\%)$ showed high VEGF expression. Strong correlations were found between the high VEGF expression and both deep stromal invasion (p=0.01) and the positive pelvic node (p=0.03). The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates for all 118 patients were $95.5\%\;and\;93.8\%$. The 5-year overall (p=0.03) and disease-free survival (p<0.001) rates were $98.5\%\;and\;100%$ for low VEGF expression (0, +, and ++) and $85.5\%\;and\;79.7\%$ for high VEGF expression, respectively. Pelvic and distant failures for low versus high VEGF expression were $1.2\%$ versus $17.1\%$, (p=0.001) and $0\%$ versus $14.3\%$ (p<0.001), respectively. In a Cox multivariate analysis of survival, the high VEGF expression (p=0.02) and the bulky mass (p=0.02) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. The high VEGF expression (p=0.002), and bulky mass (p=0.01) demonstrated as significant prognostic indicators for disease free survival. Conclusion : These results showed that VEGF expression was a highly significant predictor for pelvic and distant failure and the most significant prognostic factor of overall and disease free survival for the patients with stage IB cervix cancer treated with radical surgery. We strongly suggest that the immune-histochemistry for VEGF expression be performed in a routine clinical setting in order to identify the patients at high risk for poor prognosis in early stage cervical cancer. Furthermore, postoperative and/or chemotherapy did not reduce the pelvic failure and distant metastasis. To improve the cure rate for the patients with high VEGF expression in stage IB cervical cancer, antiangiogenic therapy including anti-VEGF Ab may be new treatment option.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find means to reduce the foul smell emitted from chicken manure. Rice water was inoculated with Lactobacillus sakei and then examined to determine the bacterial survival rates during storage, and whether fermentation had occurred. Rice water was an excellent medium for the growth of L sakei, given that a viable cell count was maintained for 15 days during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ and decreased slightly thereafter. Furthermore, microorganisms in chicken manure were separated and 14 species were identified. The antibacterial activity of an L. sakei supernatant against the identified microorganisms was measured using the agar diffusion method. The growth of 11 out of 14 species was inhibited, and only Corynebacterium variabile, Enterococcus faecium, and Raoultella ornithinolytica survived. Rice water was fermented by inoculation with L. sakei and mixed with chicken manure, and the quantities of ammonia, ethyl mercaptan, and hydrogen sulfide were measured after 48 hours. Emissions of ammonia and ethyl mercaptan were reduced significantly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2015

To meet the increasing demands of specific pathogen free (SPF) minipigs in biomedical researches, 8 pregnant Chinese Wuzhishan minipigs (WZSP) sows with clear background were chosen to obtain SPF WZSP by hysterectomy. At $111{\pm}days2$ of the pregnancy, piglets were aseptically taken out from the sows and artificially suckled for 40 to 45 days in the positive isolators. Then, the piglets defined as F0 were transferred to barrier environment and fed with standard feeds. The original SPF colony was formed for breeding by selected piglets from F0 group of 6-8 months old. Biological characteristics of SPF WZSP were collected and further compared to those of conventional (CV) WZSP, including growth performance, reproductive performance, hematology and blood biochemistry, and major pathogens detection. As a result, 61 F0 piglets were obtained from 8 candidate sows, and 55 out of them survived. After strictly selection, 35 F0 piglets were used to form the original SPF colony, which produced 14 litters of SPF piglets defined as F1. Piglet survival rates, growth performance, and reproductive performance of SPF WZSP were similar to CV WZSP. Some hematology and blood biochemistry parameters showed significant differences between SPF and CV WZSP. Eighteen kinds of pathogens were identified to be free in F0 and F1 SPF colony by repeated pathogen detections. In conclusion, we established a satisfied SPF WZSP colony maintaining original characteristics, free of controlled diseases, and being proved to be a suitable laboratory animal.