• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권10호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia. The study employs panel data of companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange that distribute dividends from 2007 to 2017. Fixed and random effect regression models are used. Findings based on growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia are in line with the existing theory (i.e., contracting theory). Growth opportunities have a significant negative correlation with debt ratio and dividend yield, which suggests that firms with high growth opportunities are discouraged to generate debt to resolve underinvestment and asset-substitution problem. Firms with more investment opportunities tend to adopt a low dividend payout policy because the cash flows will be used up for investment. The positive impact of firm size on leverage is due to the low bankruptcy risk and cost of a large company. Profitability has a positive impact on the dividend policy because profitable companies can reserve larger free cash flows and, thus, pay higher dividends. The positive influence of ownership on leverage is interpreted by the unwillingness of majority stockholders to commit to equity financing in order to avoid reducing the ownership and preserve control of the company.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study seeks to establish the environmental damage theory applicable to Kenya. The analysis is based on annual data drawn from World Bank on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) for Kenya spanning 1963 to 2017. Research Methodology: The study adopts explanatory research design and autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis. Results: The results revealed a coefficient of -0.017 for GDPPC and 0.004 for GDPPC squared indicating that economic growth has negative effect on CO2e in the initial stages of growth but positive effect in the high growth regime with the marginal effect being higher in the initial growth regime. The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship consistent with Brundtland Curve Hypothesis (BCH). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for sustainable development path that enables present generations to meet own needs without compromising the capacity of future generations to meet their own. Sustainable development may include, investment in renewable energies like wind, solar and adoption of energy efficient technologies in production and manufacturing. The study concludes that BCH is applicable to Kenya and that developing affordable and effective mechanisms to boost sustainable development implementation is necessary to decrease the anthropogenic impact in the environment without any attendant reduction in the economic growth.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.514-516
• /
• 2008

The cancer stem cell hypothesis posits that tumor growth is driven by a rare subpopulation of cells, designated cancer stem cells (CSC). Studies supporting this theory are based in large part on xenotransplantation experiments wherein human cancer cells are grown in immunocompromised mice and only CSC, often constituting less than 1% of the malignancy, generate tumors. Herein, we show that all colonies derived from randomly chosen single cells in mouse lung and breast cancer cell lines form tumors following allografting histocompatible mice. Our study suggests that the majority of malignant cells rather than CSC can sustain tumors and that the cancer stem cell theory must be reevaluated.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 1997

A study has been carried out on the instability of a conical liquid sheet by using the linear instability theory. Various analytical methods using the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability theory were tried to examine the wave growth on cylindrical liquid sheets. Cylinderical liquid sheets were extended to the case with the conical sheets. Perturbations due to tangential motion as well as longitudinal one were taken into account. And it was assumed the the breakup occurs when amplitude ratio exceeds exp(12), drop sizes were predicted only by theoretical approach. The predicted drop size agreed well with the measured Sauter mean diameter, $D_{32}$.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 1999

Based on the pore filling theory, the microstructure evolution during liquid-phase sintering has been analyzed in terms of interrelationship between average grain size and relative density. For constant liquid volume fraction, the microsturucture trajectories reduced to a single curve in a grain size(x)-density(y) map, regardless of grain growth constant. The slope of curves in the map was inversely proportional to average pore size, while it increased fapidly with liquid volume fraction. Increase in pore volume fraction retarded the densification considerably, but showed marginal effect on the slope. The activation energy of densification was predicted to be the same as that of grain growth as long as the liquid volume fraction is constant for any temperature range studied. The present analyses on microstricture evolution may demonstrate the usefulness of pore filling theory and provide a guideline for process optimization of liquid-phase sintering.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2000년도 제18회 학술발표회 논문개요집
• /
• pp.159-159
• /
• 2000

Initial growth mode of Nb on Cu(100) is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory. Nb/Cu is immiscible at room temperature, but isolated Nb atoms are expected to be incorporated up to the second layer by DFT. STM shows that Nb atoms mix with Cu atoms in the first layer at room temperature and diffuse into the second layer upon annealing. In the second layer, Nb/induced features are preferentially found at step edges and appear as bright dots surrounded by dark rings. Details of comparison between experiment and theory will be discussed.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of goal contents on failure tolerance in engineers (i.e., students and experts in engineering). Based on the goal contents theory, which is a sub-theory of self-determination theory, three intrinsic goals (i.e., self-growth, help, social concern) and two extrinsic goals (i.e., money, fame) were under investigation. A total of 398 participants (118 undergraduate students, 181 graduate students, 99 experts) answered survey questions. In the hierarchical multiple regressions, self-growth goal was entered as the first model, then, to the second model, the other four goals were added. The results showed that social concern goal significantly predicted failure tolerance among all engineer groups. Self-growth goal was closely associated with failure tolerance in undergraduate students and graduate students. Help goal was significant only among graduate students. These results suggest that pursuing intrinsic goals, especially, social concern goal is important to increase failure tolerance. Establishing infrastructure and educational climate for pursuing social concern goal can facilitate the development of personal expertise in engineers as well as the improvement of society.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to generate a grounded substantive theory for the practice adaptation process of hemodialysis unit nurses. Methods: Participants in this study were 10 nurses working in one of two hemodialysis units. Data were collected through tape recorded in-depth interviews done between December, 2011 and February, 2012. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results: From the participants' statements, 43 concepts, 18 subcategories and 10 categories were extracted through the open cording process. The 10 categories were: "Burden", "Role conflict", "Fearful", "Conflict of emotion", "Lack systematic job training", "Lack support system", "Compassion", "Rapport created", "Sense of duty", and "Growth". The core category was discovered to be 'recognized growth'. Phenomenon was identified as 'burnout' and this series of processes was categorized as having three stages: 'conflict', 'acceptance', 'growth'. Conclusion: The results of this study provide useful information about the needs of Hemodialysis Unit Nurses during the practice adaptation process based on their stages and types of practice adaptation. Finally, this study contributes data for the development of intervention programs that support the Hemodialysis Unit Nurses' practice adaptation.

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.141-154
• /
• 2014

It is widely confirmed that online retailers can obtain crucial resources and greater growth potential by depending on the external web portal sites as it is explained in resource dependence theory. Nevertheless, recent studies show that the effect of dependence may not always be beneficial for firms and stress the importance of finding relevant contingent factors. In this study, we identify and suggest that firms' age and niche width strategy, whether generalist or specialist, are contributing factors on moderating the positive relationship between resource dependence and firm growth. To test our hypotheses based on the theory, we have collected monthly web traffic data of online retailers and portals from March 2000 and July 2008. The empirical results lend support to our theory of the firm age having a negative interaction effect on web traffic dependence. Moreover, results verified that positive effect of depending on the portals may become greater if the online retailer is a specialist in terms of niche width.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.225-251
• /
• 2011

이 연구는 우리나라 사회복지조직의 조직성장유형을 알아보고 각 조직성장유형의 조직운영방식을 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 위해서 사회복지서비스 제공 역사가 40년 이상된 사회복지법인의 설립자와 동일 법인에서 20년 이상 근무한 관리자가 연구에 참여하였다. 연구자는 연구에 참여한 20명과의 심층인터뷰, 문헌을 통한 정보수집, 결과에 대한 참여자의 확인과 동료연구자와의 협력적 분석을 진행하였다. 자료분석은 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 총 169개의 개념, 49개의 하위범주 그리고 21개의 상위범주가 유목화되었다. 연구결과 우리나라 사회복지조직의 조직성장유형은 '가족애(家族愛) 실천형', '지역사회변화 유도형', '선도(善導)적 선도(先導)형' 등 3가지 유형이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 우리나라 사회복지조직이 가지고 있는 태생적 특성에 대한 심층적 이해, 사회복지조직성장유형의 이론 구축 그리고 사회복지조직운영에 대한 실천적 함의를 제시하고 있다.