• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a wide range of root-colonizing bacteria with the capacity to enhance plant growth and control plant pathogens. Here we review recent progress that indicate some PGPR strains release a blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that promote growth in Arabidopsis seedlings and induce resistance against Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. In particular, the volatile components 2,3-butanediol and acetoin released exclusively from the PGPR strains triggered the greatest level of growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. Pharmacological applications of 2,3-butanediol promoted the plant growth and induced resistance, while bacterial mutants blocked in 2,3-butanediol and acetoin synthesis was devoid of growth-promotion and induced resistance capacities. The results suggested that the bacterial VOCs play a critical role in the plant growth promotion and induced resistance by PGPR. Using transgenic and mutant lines of Arabidopsis, we provide evidences that the signal pathway activated by volatiles from one PGPR strain is dependent on cyto-kinin activation for growth promotion and dependent on an ethylene-signaling pathway for induced pathogen resistance. This discovery provides new insight into the role of bacterial VOCs as initiators of both plant growth promotion and defense responses in plants.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Endophytes provide multifarious benefits such as promotion of plant growth and yield, suppression of phyto-pathogens, phosphate solubilising and fixation nitrogen. A study has been carried out to explore growth promotion and antifungal activities of endophytes of mulberry (Morus spp.). Endophytic bacteria were isolated from mulberry plants and studied their cultural, morphological characters, growth promotion as well as their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium oxysporum , two mulberry root rot associated pathogens. Except two isolates, all bacteria were colourless and the colony size of eight isolates was small. The margin of five isolates was irregular and the consistency of three isolates was creamy, six isolates was slimy and one was mucoid. Texture of seven isolates was convex and others were flat. Eight isolates were gram positive and the rest Gram negative, five were cocci and others were bacilli (rod shaped). Four isolates were motile and all were catalase positive and only three isolates were oxidase positive. Spore staining was positive only for two isolates. The growth promotion study showed that there was significant difference in root length and seedling length. The antagonistic effect of the bacterial isolates was tested against R. bataticola showed significant (p <0.05) influence of the bacteria, days after inoculation and their interaction on the inhibition of fungal growth. The isolate En-7 completely inhibited the fungus followed by En-5 (66.67%). The bacterial isolates significantly (p <0.05) inhibited growth of F. oxysporum in PDA. The mean inhibition was higher (70.45%) in case of En-7 followed by En-8 (68.65%) and En-10 (66.44%). The study reveals that some endophytic bacteria associated with mulberry have growth promotion and antifungal activity and could be explored for promotion of mulberry growth and managing root rot disease.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-97
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• 2002

Since growth promotion was defined by Koch(1935), many researches like Benholdt and Thomsen(1942) have conducted studies for understanding problem of puberty growth. Growth promotion means that growth is developed in puberty, and several researchers have reported that the more becomes economic growth, the more becomes growth promotion. Thereupon, this study was attempted to find Maximum Growth Age(M.G.A.), as an index of height growth promotion in Korea, which was obtained by longitudinal observations of the same group. Thus, this study can explain the earlier tendency of growth. To investigate domestic changes in M.G.A., M.G.A. was calculated with the results of cross-sectional researchs using 25 representative papers between 1940-1953 including measurements by Lee(1940) and data by Kim(1953) in this study. Based on the research data published between 1940 and 2000, height and M.G.A. of males and females who were born between 1925 and 1983 were gotten by years, and a trend of growth promotion for height in Koreans was suggested by examining study subjects. Findings of this study are as follows; 1. M.G.A. for height decreased both in males and females; for males, 14.28 years in 1940, 14.24 in 1953, 13.86 in 1967, 12.74 in 1985, and 11.71 in 2000; for females, 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 10.00 in 1978 and 9.77 in 2000. 2. Regression equations and standard errors of estimate concerning M.G.A. for height by years were obtained; for males, Y$_1$(M.G.A.) = 17.21 - 0.059X$_1$, S$_{Y1X1}$(standard error of estimate about the regression line) = ${\pm}$0.62; for females, Y$_2$(M.G.A.) = 13.81-0.042X$_2$, S$_{Y2X2}$(standard error of estimate about the regression line) = ${\pm}$0.64 3. As a result of finding correlation between year and M.G.A. r=-0.763 (p<0.001) for male and r=-0.699(p<0.001) for female were obtained 4. From a view that the growth promotion has been continued before 2000, M.G.A. decreased 0.6 years for male and 0.4 for female per 10 years. 5. M.G.A. for height is as shown in Table 2. 6. It is thought that the future trend of growth promotion for height will follow the progress from 1940s to now. It shall be reviewed again after development of coming several years is investigated.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.13-27
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• 2006

This study was performed to formulate the most recent traits of physical growth of youth, and to identify the need of youth for health promotion planning in modern Korea. Study participants were 171 boys and 400 girls in two senior high schools in Seoul, Korea. Health records were collected from the individual students in May 2005. Longitudinal data on stature and body weight from 6 to 16 years old were analysed. Significance tests on some measures were performed by t-test and ANOVA. Major conclusions were as follows: 1. Girls were taller than boys during the specific time of adolescence. However, this phenomenon was not found in the growth process investigated by peak age and in over-all mean growth process of body weight. 2. Peak age came later in boys than in girls in both stature and body weight. This meant that boys matured later in stature and body weight than girls. However, boys were larger in peak velocity than girls. 3. Peak ages distributed more widely in girls than in boys both for stature and body weight. 4. Even in such short growth process from 6 through 16 years old, growth spurt tended to appear in several times. 5. Growth spurt tended to appear more often in boys than in girls.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.815-818
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• 2003

Various kinds of chinese herbs have been known as to promote growth rate of animals. We investigated the growth promoting effect of the selected plants by using fish and rats as experimental animals. In a preliminary test by using fish, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Artemisia capillasis were found to be effective. Based on this result, we manufactured the mixture of plant extracts and applied this mixture to rice, named as Kiwoomi/sup TM/. When we administered Kiwoomi/sup TM/ to rats, it was found to be effective in growth promotion. Kiwoomi/sup TM/ - administered group showed 49.3% (0.75g/kg B.W.) and 52.3% (1.59/kg.B.W.) growth promotion, respectively. On the other hand, Control group showed 46.2% growth promotion. This growth promotion was supported by increase of GH and IGF-1 level in the Kiwoomi/sup TM/- administered group. From these results, we suggest that this functional rice could be helpful for growing children.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.312-321
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life according to the stages of survivorship in patients with female genital neoplasm. Methods: Data were collected from August 1st, 2011 to September 31st 2011 from 142 gynecologic cancer patients who completed treatment or were treated at an out-patient clinic. The instrument were HPLP developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender, PTGI developed by Tedeschi & Calhoun, and Korean C-QOL. Results: Health promotion behavior scores were significantly higher in the acute survival stage than the extended survival stage. Post-traumatic growth score was higher in the acute survival stage than the extended survival stage. The quality of life scores were higher in the lasting survival stage than the extended survival stage. Conclusion: Gynecological cancer patients in the extended survival stage reported low scores of health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life. Intervention needed to be developed to improve health promotion behavior, post-traumatic growth and quality of life for patients with female genital neoplasm in the extended survival stage.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.350-354
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• 2000

The growth promotion of a Taxus brevifolia cell suspension culture was investigated using conditioning factors. The conditioning factors produced and secreted from cultured cells usually stimulate cell division and the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, the effective incubation time for the optimal secretion of conditioning factors was firstly determined for the promotion of cell growth. Conditioned media obtained by cultivating for 2 and 5 days showed the promotion of initial cell growth during the early cell growth period. However, the positive effect of the conditioning factors on the initial cell growth did not continue because of the depletion of the medium nutrients. Accordingly, the addition of a carbon source to the conditioned medium prolonged the positive effect on the cell growth. The addition of sucrose to the conditioned medium resulted in the maximum cell density being reached 4 days earlier compared to the control group and an increased substrate yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2022

Modem agricultural production needs to provide sustainable management practices that are eco-friendly and low cost. Plant extracts are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plant growth regulators. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of various plant extracts produced using different extraction methods on the vegetative growth of rice under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For this study, seventeen plant extracts were made from plant species such as leaves of M. arvense, C. asiatica, M. oleifera, V. radiata, V. unguiculate, P. guajava, A. vera, and A. tuberosum, aboveground plant parts of C. rotundus, M. sativa, and P. frutescens, roots of R. undulatum, tubers of A. sativum, leaves and stems of G. max (cv. Taegwang) as well as rice straw and hulls (cv. Hopyeong). As a test crop, we applied these extracts to rice plants. For the purpose of making our extracts, some plant materials and species were collected in fields and others were purchased from Chonnam Hanyaknonghyup Cooperation (South Korea). Leaves, roots, and aboveground plant parts of plant species were dried, ground, extracted (water, boiling water and ethanol) and fermented. Rice growth promotion effects were determined using plant extracts at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% concentrations under petri dish conditions. Seven selected plant extracts were applied to rice seeds with soil drench application or seedling at 3-4 leaf stages with soil and foliar applications under greenhouse conditions. For comparison with extracts, we used urea at 0.6%. Of the 17 water extracts used in this study, 10 extracts reduced rice growth, but the other 7 extracts (P. guajava, A. vera, A. tuberosum, M. sativa, A. sativum, and G. max) increased growth by 40-60% on compared to the control in Petri dish bioassay. Thus, these 7 extracts were selected for further study. Under greenhouse conditions, rice growth also increased by 20-40% when the same 7 extracts were applied to rice seeds using soil drench application. Furthermore, at the 3-4 leaf stage rice growth also increased 30-80% or 30-60% when the same 7 extracts were applied using soil and foliar applications. Overall, the 7 extracts produced higher rates of growth promotion when soil drench application was used than when foliar application was used. In the case of boiling water and ethanol extracts, rice growth increased only 20% in response to both soil drench and foliar application of the same 7 extracts. Rice growth promotion was greater when extracts were produced using water extraction method than boiling water and ethanol extraction methods. Most notably, the 7 water extracts used in this study produced higher rates of growth promotion than urea at 0.6% which is typically used for crop growth promotion. Overall, the 7 water extracts when applied using soil drenching method can be used as effective growth promotors of rice in organic agriculture.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-29
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• 2013

This study tries to measure the direct and indirect effects of the Regional Strategic Industry (RSI) promotion projects in Chungbuk Province in Korea. In specific, it critically examines whether there exists policy consistency and connectivity between the hardware-oriented Stage I (2002~2007) and the software-centered Stage II (2008~2012) RSI promotion projects. Applying System Dynamics (SD) techniques, this study examines complex system characteristics of RSI promotion projects, all of which have been derived from the causal and stock-flow models and their simulated results. Major findings are as follows: Firstly, 'the continuous investment' is regarded as the most crucial policy leverage for the strategic industry promotion and regional economic growth. Secondly, without exceptions, the RSI promotion projects should switch their evaluation criteria to performance-oriented ones. Thirdly, in selecting their subprojects, the RSI promotion projects should pay due attention to evaluating technology value and marketability. Fourthly, it should put policy priority in strengthening cluster networking and interconnectivity among projects, inevitably supporting a selective number of virtuous network systems. Fifthly, auxiliary projects such as marketing, technology aid, and knowledge-based services should not be overlooked.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.96-108
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• 2011

In spite of arduous policy efforts to address the deprived region problem emerged in the rapid industrialization and urbanization processes since the 1960s, it is well acknowledged that there are some policy limitations. In a recent effort to improve the policy for the deprived regions, the national territory is divided into 4 groups such as urban, rural, growth promotion, and special situation areas and various policies for the deprived regions have been consolidated into a policy for the growth promotion areas. The purpose of the study is to classify the already-designated 70 growth promotion areas and examine the differentiated characteristics of different types in order to propose more regionally situated policy approach to the deprived areas. The study shows that the types of the 70 growth promotion areas are much differentiated one another in terms of internal characteristics and dynamics. It is therefore further argued that the policy efforts need to be area-specific in order to address the policy demand for the deprives regions in a more efficient way.