• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.101-101
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• 2002

GH-transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kitsutch) juveniles in tGH＊T$_3$and tGH*PTU were fed with the diets containing 1 ug/g fish of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T$_3$) and 30 ug/g fish of 6-n-propyl-2- thiouracil (PTU), respectively, to assess the effect of these drugs on the change of physiological activity, growth and survival rate in comparison with normal transgenic (tGH＊C) and nontransgenic coho salmon (Wild) for 90 days. Although the daily food intakes of all transgenic (tGH)-groups were higher than Wild, the amount was reduced by exogenous PTU supply. The fred efficiencies of tGH-groups were lower than Wild, but the efficiency was reduced both by T$_3$and PTU. The survival rate of tGH-group was significantly higher than that of Wild, but there was no significant difference among tGH-groups. Although the growth of tGH-coho salmon was faster than Wild. the growth rate of transgenic salmon was increased by exogenous T$_3$, but was reduced by PTU Plasma TT$_4$levels of tGH-groups was approximately 2-fold higher relative to Wild, but there were no difference of plasma TT$_4$levels among tGH-groups. plasma TT$_3$level or tGH-coho salmon was increased by exogenous T$_3$administration, but was reduced by exogenous PTU. In addition, although plasma GH levels of all tGH-groups were higher than that of Wild, the GH level in plasma of transgenic coho salmon was increased by exogenous T$_3$and reduced by exogenous PTU. In the meantime, the transgenic fishes also displayed head, jaw and opercular abnormalities typical of the offsets of this gene construct in coho salmon, indicating that some imbalance in growth processes has been induced. However, the abnormalities of transgenic coho salmon was reduced following exogenous PTU administration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.254-256
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• 1989

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2003

붉바리(E. akaara)의 뇌하수체에서 추출한 mRNA로부터 RACE 방법으로 cDNA를 cloning하고 염기서열을 분석하였다. 붉바리의 성장호르몬 cDNA는 5' UTR, open reading frame, 3' UTR이 각각 21 bp, 615 bp, 247 bp인 전체 883 bp로 구성되어있다. Adenylation signal로 작용하는 sequence인 AATAAA는 poly(A)로부터 20 bp upstream에 위치하는 것을 확인하였다. 염기서열을 바탕으로 추정한 성장호르몬은 204개의 아미노산으로 구성된 단백질로서 signal peptide(17 aa)와 mature protein(187 aa)을 포함하고 있으며 mature protein의 분자량은 21.3 kDa으로 나타났다. 이 호르몬은 단백질의 3차 구조에 중요한 이황화 결합을 할 수 있는 4개의 cysteine 잔기와 1개의 N-glycosylation site를 가지고 있었다. 붉바리 성장호르몬의 염기서열은 농어목에 속하는 다른 어류의 성장호르몬 염기서열과의 유사도가 높게 나타났으며 orange-spotted grouper, gilthead seabream과 각각 96.9%, 88.6%의 상동성을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2012

Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers. To determine the SNP effect on somatotropic hormone concentration and lipogenesis, we measured plasma GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. We also measured mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1) and FA composition in diaphragm tissues. Heifers with genotype CC had the lowest plasma insulin concentration and FASN and SCD mRNA levels among genotypes. FASN mRNA levels in haplotype A tended to positively correlate with saturated FA (SFA) content and negatively correlated with C18:2 and unsaturated FA (USFA) contents. SCD mRNA levels in haplotype A positively correlated with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents and negatively correlated with C18:0 content. They also tended to positively correlate with C16:1, C18:1, and USFA contents and USFA/SFA ratio and negatively correlate with SFA content. Taken together, GH gene polymorphism affects the lipogenic genes expression levels and their relationships with fatty acid compositions in diaphragm tissues of JB heifers at 31 months of age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.315-318
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• 2006

Associations were analysed between polymorphisms localized in intron 3 of the growth hormone gene (GH-MspI) and milk production traits of 543 China Holstein cows. A PCR-RFLP method was used for identification of genotypes. The following frequencies of genotypes and alleles were found: 0.77, 0.21 and 0.02 for +/+, +/- and -/-, respectively, and 0.87 and 0.13 for $GH^+$ and $GH^-$, respectively. Significant differences between herds were observed in the frequencies of both genotypes and alleles. The results of least squares analysis showed that in all three lactation phases the GH +/+ cows yielded most milk (p<0.01 for lactation I and p<0.05 for lactations II and III), whereas +/- cows showed higher milk fat content than +/+ individuals (p<0.05 for lactation I and II, and p<0.01 for lactation III). The +/+ cows yielded more fat than +/- individuals (p<0.01 only in lactation I). The +/+ cows yielded more milk protein than +/- individuals (p<0.01 for lactation I, II, and III). The +/+ cows produced milk of higher protein content than that of +/- individuals (p<0.05 only in lactation II). Based on these results, we conclude that the +/+ of GH locus should be the favored genotype in China Holstein cow breeds for use in marker-assisted selection programmes.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1989

조직특이적 및 일반적 유전자 발현에 미치는 SV40와 murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) enhancer의 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) 유전자의 아래쪽에 이들 enhancer들을 삽입한 재조합 플라스미드 들을 제조하였다. 원숭이세포(CV1PO)와 HeLa 세포에 이들 플라스미드들을 이입시킨 후, CAT 유전자가 발현되는 정도를 조사하였다. Enhancer가 없는 플라스미드에 비해 SV40와 MCMV enhancer는 CAT의 발현을 각각 20배와 150배로 가중시켰다. CAT 유전자의 앞에 있는 SV40 프로모터를 2.2kbp의 소성장호르몬(bGH) 유전자의 조절부위로 치환한 경우는 enhancer가 있어도 전혀 CAT 의 말현이 검출되지 않았다. 조절부위을 230 bp 로 짧게 하여 치환한 경우는, SV 40 enhancer 가 있을 때, CAT의 말현이 매우 증가하였다. 이와는 내조적으로 더 강한 MCMV enhancer는 bGH 특이적인 발현을 별로 증가시키지 못하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Fish shows great difference in growth rate between individuals during larval development and early growth. This difference seriously reduces the production efficiency in fish culture. Growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system is said to play some pivotal roles in fish growth. In this study, we investigated differences of GH, IGF1 and GHR gene expressions in juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with different growth performance. Red spotted groupers were reared under the same environmental condition (water temperature $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, natural light) for 96 days after hatching. They were divided into 3 groups by size (fast growing, middle growing and slow growing groups: FGG, MGG, and SGG, respectively). RNA was extracted from the brain, liver and muscle tissues from each group, and target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. In the brain with pituitary gland, expression of GH gene in FGG was significantly higher than the expression in SGG, but the expression of IGF1 and GHR genes in the muscle was highest in SGG. Difference of GHR and IGF1 mRNA in the liver between groups with different growth performance was less clear than that in other tissues, although level of IGF1 mRNA was higher in SGG than in MGG. These results suggest that hormonal governing of growth is not the same in fast growing and slow growing fish, and size grading could cause a shift of hormonal state and growth pattern in this species.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2006

Purpose : Growth retardation is one of the serious problems in children with nephropathy requiring long-term steroid therapy. We observed the efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) on the growth in children with long-term steroid therapy. Methods : We studied 60 children(male 47, female 13) with nephropathy who received rhGH(1 U/kg/week) for more than 0.5 years($1.39{\pm}1.12$). Their mean age was 11.0 years($11.17{\pm}2.62$). They received steroid therapy from January 1987 through July 2005, and the mean duration of steroid therapy was $4.32{\pm}2.97$ years. Among the patients, there were 32 nephrotic syndrome, 9 IgA nephropathy, 4 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 4 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 2 Henoch $Sch\ddot{o}nlein$ nephritis, 2 Alport syndrome and 7 other cases. Data were gathered on the growth parameters, such as growth velocity, height standard deviation score(SDS), IGF-1, IGFBP-3, bone mass density(BMD) and general chemistry changes. Results : Height velocity increased significantly with rhGH therapy from $3.29{\pm}1.95$ to $8.66{\pm}3.75$(cm/yr) and height SDS decreased from $-0.72{\pm}0.93$ to $-1.04{\pm}0.86$ at one year after steroid therapy but increased to $-0.55{\pm}0.96$ at one year after rhGH administration(P<0.05). BMD improved from $0.71{\pm}0.14$ to $0.79{\pm}0.15g/cm^2$(P<0.05). IGF-1 increased from $445.09{\pm}138.01$ to $506.62{\pm}181.31ng/mL$(P<0.05). IGFBP-3 decreased from $4073.75{\pm}700.78$ to $3933.61{\pm}789.25ug/L$ numerically, but there was no statistically significant difference(P=0.533). Conclusion : The administration of rhGH in the short stature patients who received long-term steroid therapy showed improvement in growth parameters such as SDS, growth velocity, and BMD without significant side-effects or changes in the biochemical parameters.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

모발은 피부를 둘러싸고 있는 피부 부속기관이며, 외부로부터 들어오는 물리적, 화학적 자극에 대하여 보호하고, 미용 효과 등의 기능을 가지고 있다. 모발은 피부의 표피와 진피의 사이에서 발생하며, 모발성장주기를 가지고 있다. 모발성장주기는 모발이 성장하는 시기(anagen)와 성장을 끝내는 시기(catagen), 성장을 멈추고 휴식하는 시기(telogen)로 구분할 수 있다. 모발성장기 중, 성장기의 모낭 부위에는 많은 성장인자들이 분포하고 있다는 것이 이미 보고된 바 있다. 뇌하수체에서 분비되는 인간 성장 호르몬은 신진대사를 수행하는 신호를 전달하며, 기관의 성장을 촉진하는 역할을 수행한다. 성장호르몬은 혈류를 따라 온몸으로 이동되며, 여러 가지의 성장인자들을 활성하거나 억제하는 조절 작용을 한다는 연구결과가 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간성장호르몬을 유전자재조합기술을 이용하여 관찰이 용이하도록 6개의 히스티딘 아미노산을 첨가하였으며, 나노크기의 리포좀으로 캡슐화한 LhGH를 (주)리제론으로 부터 받아 사용하여 마우스(C57BL6/CrN)에서 LhGH에 의한 모발의 성장 관계를 알아보았다. 8주령의 마우스 3마리씩 증류수, Liposome, Minoxidil, His hGH, LhGH를 실험의 목적에 따라 20일, 6주 동안 도포하였고, 피부 속의 침투 경로는 형광면역반응법을 이용하여 형광현미경으로 관찰하였다. 또한, 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 모발 수의 변화를 비교하여 보았다. 마우스 피부에 도포한 LhGH는 피부표피의 모공과 모발을 따라 피부 안으로 이동되는 것이 광학현미경으로 관찰되었다. 또한 LhGH는 성별에 관계없이 모발 수를 증가시켰으며, 피부 밖으로 도출된 모발 수를 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 자연적으로 탈모된 마우스에서도 발모를 증진시켰으며, 발모 후 3주 동안 새로운 탈모현상을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과로 LhGH는 마우스(C57BL/6CrN)에서 모발의 수를 증가시키며, 탈모된 피부에서 모발의 재성장을 촉진시키는 효과가 있다고 생각한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.178-188
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• 2019

Objective: To determine the clinical pregnancy (CP) and live birth (LB) rates arising from frozen embryo transfers (FETs) that had been generated under the influence of in vitro fertilization (IVF) adjuvants given to women categorized as poor-prognosis. Methods: A registered, single-center, retrospective study. A total of 1,119 patients with first FETs cycle include 310 patients with poor prognosis (109 treated with growth hormone [GH], (+)GH group vs. 201 treated with dehydroepiandrosterone, (-)GH group) and 809 patients with good prognosis (as control, (-)Adj (Good) group). Results: The poor-prognosis women were significantly older, with a lower ovarian reserve than the (-)Adj (Good) group, and demonstrated lower chances of CP (p< 0.005) and LB (p< 0.005). After adjusting for confounders, the chances of both CP and LB in the (+)GH group were not significantly different from those in the (-)Adj (Good) group, indicating that the poor-prognosis patients given GH had similar outcomes to those with a good prognosis. Furthermore, the likelihood of LB was significantly higher for poor-prognosis women given GH than for those who did not receive GH (p< 0.028). This was further confirmed in age-matched analyses. Conclusion: The embryos cryopreserved from fresh IVF cycles in which adjuvant GH had been administered to women classified as poor-prognosis showed a significant 2.7-fold higher LB rate in subsequent FET cycles than a matched poor-prognosis group. The women with a poor prognosis who were treated with GH had LB outcomes equivalent to those with a good prognosis. We therefore postulate that GH improves some aspect of oocyte quality that confers improved competency for implantation.