• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

The a-C:H films have been grown on the glass substrate by PECVD mathod, where plasma was generated with a 60Hz line power source. The carbonization is checked from peak intensities of D($sp^3$) and G($sp^2$) peaks in Raman spectra. The hydronization and C-H bonding status in films can also be determined from FTIR results. Both the bonding strength of C-H and the ratio of $sp^3$ to $sp^2$ in bonding are found to be slightly dependent of partial pressure of $C_2H_2$. Judging from above results, we can conclude that the best value for partial pressure of $C_2H_2$ in growing process of thick films is about 15%.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.90-98
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• 1998

At the threshold of the 21st century People have been exploring the future of each field. Accordingly In the area of housing the increase in income level and high-technology development facilitated full scale research on the future housing. The purpose of this research is to try to set up a systematic theory on the future housing by investigating theoretical backgrounds of the future housing and development of the future housing planning concept, A document research method was used to analyze the development of the future housing planning concept of three periods from its origin in the 19th century to present : the burgeoning period growing period and maturing period. In particulary this research examines development of the future housing planning concept from the 19th century in which future housing planning concept was emerged to the early part of the 20th century: the burgeoning period. The future housing planning concepts of this period are analyzed as follows ; In order to solve the social problems arising in the process of the Industrial Revolution, the concept such as ; "ideal city", "high rise apartment housing" and "industrialized housing" was formulated. housing" was formulated.ated.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

The number of shared offices has increased and changed within the flow of the era into various forms in recent days. Co-working spaces and related shared space businesses are growing fast, keeping pace with the trend recently. It is confirmed that the need of spaces grew 180% since 2015 to 2017. Most of the shared offices in Seoul are placed in Gangnam circle, it is verified that shared office is providing work, space, and community by visiting cases of foreign companies, domestic companies, local companies. Meanwhile, shared space can be categorized into serviced office, co-working space, virtual office, and daily office. It is to consider various target levels by leasing service or the difference of costs. It is divided into forms of dispersion, circulation, and concentration and is planned to increase the utilization of communities' traffic according to the allocation of shared office. The business is conducted network-centered. During the process of communication, members can get chances to exchange and build communities. They are making business ecosystem which they can coexist and grow together. Shared offices have a view of a solution to empty rooms and will last for a while, and it is expected that co-working system be settled as office space and giving people sense of belonging on their workspace.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.18-34
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• 2004

This paper will review data obtained primarily from our preclinical investigations that show that exposure to stress has a significant impact on drug taking. Stress increases reward associated with psychomotor stimulants, possibly through a process similar to sensitization, and a growing clinical literature indicates that there is also a link between substance abuse and stress in human addicts. One explanation for the high concordance between stress-related disorders and drug addiction is the self-medication hypothesis, which suggests that a dually-diagnosed person often uses the abused substance to cope with tension associated with life stressors or to relieve symptoms of anxiety and depression resulting from a traumatic event. However, another characteristic of drug self-administration is that drug delivery and its subsequent effects on the HPA axis are under the direct control of the individual. This controlled activation of the HPA axis may result in the production of an internal state of arousal or stimulation that is actually sought by the individual (i.e., the sensation-seeking hypothesis). During abstinence, however, exposure to stressors or drug-associated cues can stimulate the HP A axis to remind the individual about the effects of the abused substance, thus producing craving and promoting relapse. Stress reduction, either alone or in combination with pharmacotherapies targeting the HPA axis may prove beneficial in reducing cravings and promoting abstinence in individuals seeking treatment for addiction. Of primary importance is to reduce the impact of cocaine-associated environmental stimuli on the HPA axis so that they no longer function as triggers for relapse.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.8 no.3B
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• pp.322-326
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• 1999

We have investigated the growing process of a silicon film on the $CeO_2/Si$ surface. The silicon was deposited by using electron beam deposition method. The $CeO_2$(111) film was grown on a (111)-oriented silicon substrate at $700^{\circ}C$ at oxygen [partial pressure of $5\times10^{-5}$ Torr. To investigate the condition of epitaxial growth of si films on the $CeO_2/Si$ substrate, we deposited Si at various temperature니 The overlayer silicon was characterized by using x-ray diffraction(XRD). double crystal x-ray diffraction (DCXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At temperature higher than $690^{\circ}C$, $CeO_2$ layer was observed at the $CeO_2/Si$ interface, which was formed by chemical reaction with silicon and oxygen dissociated from $CeO_2$. When silicon was deposited on the $CeO_2/Si$ at $620^{\circ}C$, silicon grew epitaxially along the (111)-direction.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.488-493
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• 2009

We developed a simple method to control the length of carbon nanotube array by using oxygen plasma etching. In this way, we could obtain a carbon nanotube with a uniform length (20, 30, 50, $70\;{\mu}m$), that was parallel to the substrate. Moreover, our growing method of carbon nanotube array gives a uniform diameter ~3.5nm, which is consistent with our previous results. Using the same etching method, we demonstrated the carbon nanotube radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna. The results could be useful for carbon nanotube applications such as flexible and transparent conductive films.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2009

This study was undertaken evaluate the general image for dental hygienist. A questionnaire was given to each Dentist, the staff of dental. 65 Dentist, 145 the staff of dental were included in the subjects between Jul. 1 and Oct. 30, 2008. The collected data was analysed by the SPSS Win 12.0/PC using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA. The image for the dental hygienist was analyzed by 28 items. As a result of analysis on image of dental hygienist, The Dentist's group and staff's group, both appreciated positive image that explain process of treatment to patient very well, having professional knowledge and experienced skill, carries on an effective and valuable work. give a confidenced to patient. These group also gave negative image in the aspect that the dental hygienist is stressful job, handmaid of Dentist, participate of decided something for dental clinic, having association activities. It is necessary for dental hygienist by oneself development ability through science congress variety major and acquirement new technology, exchange information, interchange activities, and association of dental hygienist should efforts for growing up image through mass media.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 1996

Mercury (Hg) is ubiquitous throughout the earth's atmosphere. The uniqueness of its atmospheric geochemistry is well-known with the high environmental mobility and relatively long atmospheric residence time (c.a., 1 year) associated with its high chemical stability. Despite a growing recognition of the environmental significance of its global cycling, the prexisting Korean database for atmospheric Hg is extremely rare and confined to a number of concentration measurements conducted under relatively polluted urban atmospheric environments. To help activate the research on this suvject, an in-depth analysis on the current development in the measurements of atmospheric mercury and the associated fluxes has been made using the most using the most updated data ests reported worldwide. As a first step toward this purpose, the most reliable techniques commonly employed in the measurements of its concentration in the background atmosphere are introduced in combination with the flux measurement techniques over soil surface such as: dynamic enclosure (or field flux chamber) method and field micrometeorological method. Then the results derived using these measurement techniques are discussed and interpreted with an emphasis on its mobilization across the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere interface. A unmber of factors including air/soil temperature, soil chemical composition, soil water content, and barometric pressure are found out to be influential to the rate and amount of such exchange processes. Although absolute magnitude of such exchange processes is insignificant relative to that of the major component like the oceanic environment, this exchange process is thought to be the the predominant natural pathway for both the mobilization and redistribution of atmospheric Hg on a local or regional scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.417-425
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• 2020

There is a growing global interest in food choices that could affect health. Consumer food choices are dictated by numerous factors such as attitudes, beliefs, desires and preferences stemming from psychological and physiological attributes. The present study aimed to understand consumers' internal perceptions about cream soup, cream sauce, and tomato sauce using ZMET (Zaltman's Metaphor Elicitation Technique). The 9 step ZMET interview process was conducted for a sample of 36 consumers (12 consumers for each sauce). A content analysis of the survey results was carried out. From this, 56 concepts of cream soup were derived, and 15 constructs that met with the agreement of more than one-third of the total sample consumers were extracted. These 15 constructs included 'Soft', 'Recollection', 'Familiar', 'Warm', 'Comfortable', etc. Similarly, for cream sauce, 67 concepts and 20 constructs 'Silky', 'Warm', 'Restaurant', 'Family', 'Memory', etc. were deduced. A total of 66 concepts and 20 constructs for tomato sauce 'Sourness', 'Sauce Bottle', 'Pleasant', 'Ingredient', 'Cooking', etc. were derived. The analysis of consumers' consensus maps through this study provides a deep and useful understanding of consumers and their latent needs. Also, the results of this study indicate that exploring consumers' internal perceptions is critical to understanding their healthy food choices. This can be used as basic data for formulating marketing strategies.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.2197-2204
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• 2015

In recent years, medical image diagnosis has growing significant momentous in the medicinal field. Brain and lung image of patient are distorted with salt and pepper noise is caused by moving the head and chest during scanning process of patients. Reconstruction of these images is a most significant field of diagnostic evaluation and is produced clearly through techniques such as linear or non-linear filtering. However, restored images are produced with smaller amount of noise reduction in the presence of huge magnitude of salt and pepper noises. To eliminate the high density of salt and pepper noises from the reproduction of images, a new efficient fuzzy based median filtering algorithm with a moderate elapsed time is proposed in this paper. Reproduction image results show enhanced performance for the proposed algorithm over other available noise reduction filtering techniques in terms of peak signal -to -noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), image enhancement factor (IMF) and structural similarity (SSIM) value when tested on different medical images like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) scan brain image and CT scan lung image. The introduced algorithm is switching filter that recognize the noise pixels and then corrects them by using median filter with fuzzy two-sided π- membership function for extracting the local information.