• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.540-547
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of environmentally friendly agents (yucca extract, mineral feed additive, acidifier, nonspecific immunostimulating anionic alkali solution) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient excretion and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 125 pigs were allotted into 5 treatments with 5 replications, 5 pigs per pen in a completely randomized block design. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) control: basal diet, 2) YE: basal diet+120 mg/kg of yucca extract, 3) MFA: basal diet+50 mg/kg of mineral feed additive, 4) NIS: basal diet+3% of NIS (nonspecific immunostimulating anionic alkali solution), and 5) Acidifier: basal diet+0.5% of acidifier (organic acid complex). During the growing phase of the feeding trial, There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (F/G) among treatments, but the Acidifier group showed higher average daily gain (ADG) than the MFA group (p<0.05). During the finishing phase, there were no significant differences in growth performance among treatments, however YE supplementation increased ADG and F/G by 3.1 and 6.15%, respectively, when compared to control group. Proximate nutrients (dry matter, DM; crude protein, CP; crude ash, CA; crude fat, CF; gross energy, GE; calcium, Ca and phosphorus, P) digestibility did not show any significant differences among the treatments. And there were no significant differences in DM, N and P excretion as well. The supplementation of environmentally friendly agents tended to increase carcass weight compared to control group. Pigs fed MFA showed significantly heavier (p<0.05) carcass weight than those fed control or Acidifier diets. Addition of these agents except for NIS to diet for growing-finishing pigs caused a similar feed cost/kg weight gain than control group. Therefore, present study suggested that the optimum environmentally friendly agent would be yucca extracts, considering the effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient excretion, carcass characteristics and feed cost in growing-finishing pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2015

The digestibility of different vegetable protein sources were investigated and the effects of supplementing canola meal (CM) as partial inclusions were studied in growing pigs, to determine the performance parameters and its economic importance. In Exp. 1, four pigs (average initial $BW=15.4{\pm}0.35kg$, 5 weeks of age) fitted with simple T-cannula at terminal ileum, were fed four diets following repeated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design having adoption period of 7 days. Diet 1 was Nitrogen free diet containing corn starch. Diets 2, 3, and 4 were the basal diet supplemented with soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM), and domestic CM respectively. The AID of crude protein was decrease in RSM in comparison to SBM supplementation. The AID of Dietary indispensable amino acids (DIAA) such as Lys, Meth, Pha, and dispensable amino acid Ala, Pro, Asp were decreased (P < 0.05) in RSM supplemented diets. The SID of DIAA does not differ but the SID of Asp was higher (P < 0.05) in RSM and CM diets while SID of Pro was lower (P < 0.05) in RSM in comparison to SBM supplemented diets. In Exp. 2, 192 growing pigs (average initial BW $24.76{\pm}2.55kg$) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with increasing levels of CM i.e. 0, 3.75, 7.50, and 11.25 % respectively. Diets were fed in meal form for 35 days. Increasing CM levels in diets had no effects (P > 0.05) on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. Total weight gain, total feed intake, and feed cost per kg weight gain were not affected by increasing levels of CM in diets but total feed cost (TFC) per pigs was linearly reduced (26.463 to 25.674; P < 0.05). Broadly, the AID, and SID of amino acid was reduced in RSM but was not effected in CM in comparison to SBM supplemented pigs. Moreover, increasing levels of CM in pigs diet had no effect on the ATTD and performance but TFC per pig was reduced. Thus CM inclusion of up to 11.25 % in diets can be used for reducing the production cost in growing pigs without any negative effect.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1416-1420
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• 2006

3원 교잡종 (Landrace$\times$Yorkshire$\times$Duroc) 육성돈 72두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시시 체중은 24.64$\pm$2.46kg이었다. 시험설계는 1)NC(basal diet; antibiotics free diet), 2) PC (NC diet + 0.1% antibiotics; chlortetracycline 0.05% + neomycin 0.05%), 3)DFM0.1(NC diet + 0.1% DFM)와 4)DFM0.3(NC diet + 0.3% DFM)의 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 6 반복, 반복당 3마리씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 총 사양시험 기간 동안, 일당증체량은 PC, DFM0.3, DFM0.1과 NC의 순으로 각각 806g, 781g, 774g및 753g으로 나타났으나, 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 사료효율에 있어서는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 혈액 내 IgG(Immunoglobulin G), WBC(White blood cell)함량에 있어서는 생균제를 0.3%첨가한 처리구에서 가장 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며(P>0.05), RBC(Red blood cell)함량에 있어서는 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 결론적으로 육성돈에 있어서 Lactic acid bacteria를 기초로한 복합생균제의 첨가, 급여 수준의 증가에 따라 성장 능력과 혈액성상이 개선시키는 영향을 주지 못하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2019

Objective: This study was to investigate the nutrient ileal digestibility of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae and compare with those of three animal protein by-products in growing pigs. Methods: A total of 12 crossbred ($[Landrace{\times}Yorkshire]{\times}Duroc$) growing pigs with average body weights of $24.12{\pm}0.68kg$ were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas after being deprived of feed for 24 h according to published surgical procedures. These pigs had a recovery period of two weeks. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design. Dietary treatments included the following: i) Fish meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% fish meal; ii) Meat meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% meat meal; iii) Poultry meal, cornvegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% poultry meal; iv) Tenebrio molitor, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% dried Tenebrio molitor larvae. Results: Results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Lys was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal diet. Pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet showed increased (p<0.05) AID of His and Arg compared to pigs fed Fish meal or Meat meal diet. The AID of Cys was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed poultry meal and Tenebrio molitor diets compared to that in pigs fish meal diet. Pigs fed meat meal, poultry meal, and Tenebrio molitor diets showed higher (p<0.05) standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of total energy compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. The SID of Arg was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal or meat meal diet. Furthermore, pigs fed poultry meal or Tenebrio molitor diets showed increased (p<0.05) SID of Cys compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, providing pigs with diets that contained Tenebrio molitor larvae meal improved AID and SID of nutrients as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The digestibility of dried mealworm larvae protein and its utilization in vivo are also good. Therefore, dried mealworm larvae protein can be used as protein source at 10% level in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2014

This study examined carcass and meat quality parameters in growing/finishing pigs fed unconventionally versus the concentrate-based system. Ninety-six, 12 wk old pigs ($34{\pm}SD0.3kg$) were randomly divided into three groups, assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: standard complete concentrate mixture, conventional (C diet); unconventional, steamed potato-green forage-concentrate based diet (U diet), and unconventional basal diet+herbage mix (UH diet). Pigs fed U diet showed lower dressing percentage, meatiness, loin eye area, and weight of pork neck ($p{\leq}0.05$), but their carcasses were significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) longer and had increased backfat depth ($p{\leq}0.05$). There was no impact of the diet on the meat content of dry matter, crude ash, acidity, and colour parameters of m. longissimus. Unconventional feeding significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) elevated water the holding capacity of m. longissimus and slightly improved the sensory attributes analysis of meat. The addition of herbs resulted in increased loin eye area ($p{\leq}0.05$), decreased fat content ($p{\leq}0.05$) in m. longissimus, and tended to improve some sensory attributes of meat. There were significant gender differences in response to all diets. There were significant diet${\times}$sex interactions for some measured variables, but there were no clearly identifiable trends with regard to any specific carcass or meat parameters. Feeding unconventional diet to pigs may offer better culinary attributes of the meat, and improve some technologically important characteristics of pig carcass, but may negatively affect some carcass or meat parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.812-819
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to identify and characterize the circular RNA expression and metabolic characteristics in the liver of Jinhua pigs and Landrace pigs. Methods: Three Jinhua pigs and three Landrace pigs respectively at 70-day were slaughtered to collect the liver tissue samples. Immediately after slaughter, blood samples were taken to detect serum biochemical indicators. Total RNA extracted from liver tissue samples were used to prepare the library and then sequence on HiSeq 2500. Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze sequence data to identify the circRNAs and predict the potential roles of differentially expressed circRNAs between the two breeds. Results: Significant differences in physiological and biochemical traits were observed between growing Jinhua and Landrace pigs. We identified 84,864 circRNA candidates in two breeds and 366 circRNAs were detected as significantly differentially expressed. Their host genes are involved in lipid biosynthetic and metabolic processes according to the gene ontology analysis and associated with metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Our research represents the first description of circRNA profiles in the porcine liver from two divergent phenotype pigs. The predicted miRNA-circRNA interaction provides important basis for miRNA-circRNA relationships in the porcine liver. These data expand the repertories of porcine circRNA and are conducive to understanding the possible molecular mechanisms involved in miRNA and circRNA. Our study provides basic data for further research of the biological functions of circRNAs in the porcine liver.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2010

Toxoplasma gondii is a species of parasitic protozoa in the genus Toxoplasma. The definitive host of T. gondii is the cat, but the parasite can be carried by the vast majority of warm-blooded animals, including humans. It is often found in the tissues of food animals including pigs and sheep. To determine the regional prevalence of infection with T. gondii, bloods (n=300) from domestic pigs and tissues (n=200) from slaughter pigs in Gyeongnam province were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of antibody and antigen. A total of 115 sero-positive pigs were identified for a prevalence rate of 38.3%. Of the 50 herds from domestic pigs tested, 34 had at least one sero-positive pig for a herd prevalence rate of 68.0%. Sero-positive rates of pigs in fattening farm were higher than that of pigs in breeding company. Sero-positive rates of sows were higher than that of growing pigs. Seasonally, sero-positive rates of pigs were highest in winter (80.0%) and lowest in spring (23.8%). According to farm size, sero-positive rates of pigs were higher in small size farms (${\leq}$2,000) than that of big size farms (>2,000). However, none of the bloods (n=300) from domestic pigs and tissues (n=200) from slaughter pigs were positive for T. gondii specific DNA by PCR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.822-827
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• 1996

소아에서 대동맥 판막 질환의 경우 합리적인 수술법인 Ross술식을 적용함에 있어,우리 나라의 경우 현실적으로 이용에 어려움이 있는 Ross술식에 필요한 동종이식 판막의 사용을 배제한다는 발상으로 10마리의 15 kg가량의 돼지를 이용 REV술식 등을 시행하고 3마리의 성공 례를 3개월 이상 사육하여 성돈이 된 후 그 판막의 발육 및 기능을 관찰하였다. 대동맥 및 폐동맥 등에 협착의 소견은 없었으며, REV술식으로 사용되었던 monocusp보철편의 변형 및 심한 석회화가 관찰되어 이미 판막으로의 기능 은 상실하였으나 발육에는 큰 지장이 없는 것이 확인되어 REV와 Ross술식의 병행 수술요법이 사람에 서도 적 용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되 며, 계속 석회화 방지에 관한 연구가 진행되면 더욱 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있겠다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2009

Animals produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically modified cells are almost always transgenic, implying that this method is more efficient than the traditional pronuclear microinjection method. Most somatic cells for SCNT in animals are fetus-derived primary cells and successful gene integration in somatic cells will depend on transfection condition. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of electroporation (Microporator) and liposome reagents (F-6, F-HD, W-EX, W-Q, W-M) for tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) gene transfection and to estimate the overall efficiency of transfection of Korean native pig fetal fibroblast cells (KNPFF). Electroporation showed significantly higher transfection efficiency than liposome reagents with regard to the transfection of in vitro cultures in the early stages of development (41.7% with Microporator vs. 18.3% with F-6, 20.0% with F-HD 18.5% with W-EX, 5.0% with W-M and 6.3% W-Q,). Colonies identified as tPA-positives were treated once more with G418 for 10 to 14 days and growing colonies were selected again. When the cells of newly selected colonies were subjected to single-cell PCR, reselection of colonies following second round of G418 selection increased the rate of transgene integration per each colony. These results suggest that transfection with electroporation is the most efficient and the second rounds of G418 selection may be an effective method for transfection of porcine fetal fibroblast cells.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.415-422
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• 1975

계분(鷄糞)이 육성돈(育成豚)의 사료(飼料)로서 그 이용가치(利用價値)를 구명(究明)코저 본실험(本實驗)을 실시(實施)한바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 실험종예시(實驗終豫時)의 체중(體重)은 모든 실험군(實驗群)이 상호간(相互間)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2) 사료(飼料)의 요구율(要求率)을 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)하여 계분량(鷄糞量)의 증가첨가(增加添加)에 따라서 증가(增加)하였는데 대조군(對照群) 2.68에 대(對)하여 계분(鷄糞) 20% 첨가군(添加群)은 3,13, 계분(鷄糞) 40% 첨가군(添加群)은 4.10 이었다. 3) 농후사료(濃厚飼料)의 소비량(消費量)은 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)하여 계분(鷄糞)의 첨가율(添加率)이 높을수록 감소(減少)하였다. 4) 계분사료(鷄糞飼料)의 첨가급여(添加給與)에 따른 경제성(經濟性) 분석결과(分析結果)는 조수익(粗收益)으로 환산(換算)하여 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)하여 계분(鷄糞) 20% 첨가군(添加群)이 460.87원 계분(鷄糞) 40% 첨가군(添加群)이 985.72원의 조수익(粗收益)을 증가(增加)시킬 수 있었다.