• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2016

This paper presents the design of a negative group delay circuit (NGDC) using the filter synthesis approach. The proposed design method is based on a frequency transformation from a low-pass filter (LPF) to a bandstop filter (BSF). The predefined negative group delay (NGD) can be obtained by inserting resistors into resonators. To implement a circuit with a distributed transmission line, a circuit conversion technique is employed. Both theoretical and experimental results are provided for validating of the proposed approach. For NGD bandwidth and magnitude flatness enhancements, two second-order NGDCs with slightly different center frequencies are cascaded. In the experiment, group delay of $5.9{\pm}0.5ns$ and insertion loss of $39.95{\pm}0.5dB$ are obtained in the frequency range of 1.935-2.001 GHz.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.243-249
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• 2007

We propose an effective voice-based gender identification using group delay(GD) Generally, features for speech recognition are composed of magnitude information rather than phase information. In our approach, we address a difference between male and female for GD which is a derivative of the Fourier transform phase. Also, we propose a novel way to incorporate the features fusion scheme based on a combination of GD and magnitude information such as mel-frequency cepstral coefficients(MFCC), linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients, reflection coefficients and formant. The experimental results indicate that GD is effective in discriminating gender and the performance is significantly improved when the proposed feature fusion technique is applied.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Healthcare resource constraints may predispose treatment delays. We aim to review existing literature on whether delayed treatment results in worse outcomes in HCC. PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception till December 2022. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes included post-treatment mortality, readmission rates, and complications. Fourteen studies with a total of 135,389 patients (delayed n = 25,516, no delay n = 109,873) were included. Age, incidence of male patients, Child-Pugh B cirrhosis, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A HCC were comparable between delayed and no delay groups. Tumor size was significantly smaller in delayed versus no delay group (mean difference, -0.70 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.14, 0.26; p = 0.002). More patients received radiofrequency ablation in delayed versus no delay group (OR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.27; p < 0.0001). OS was comparable between delayed and no delay in HCC treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.29; p = 0.07). Comparable DFS between delayed and no delay groups (HR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.30; p = 0.95) was observed. Subgroup analysis of studies that defined treatment delay as > 90 days showed comparable OS in the delayed group (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.16; p = 0.51). OS and DFS for delayed treatment were non-inferior compared to no delay, but might be due to better tumor biology/smaller tumor size in the delayed group.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2015

This paper presents a design of a transmission line negative group delay (NGD) circuit with multiple pole characteristics. By inserting an additional transmission line into a conventional NGD circuit, the proposed circuit provides further design parameters to obtain wideband group delay (GD) and to help reduce signal attenuation. As a result, the number of gain compensating amplifiers can be reduced, which can contribute to stable operation when integrated into RF systems. The multiple pole characteristics can provide wider NGD bandwidth and can be obtained by connecting resonators with slightly different center frequencies separated by quarter-wavelength transmission lines. For experimental validation, an NGD circuit with two poles GD characteristic is designed, simulated, and measured.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.374-379
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• 2010

In this paper, we have mathematically analyzed lumped element type negative group delay circuit (NGDC) and derived general design equation. The applicability of the proposed design equation is validated with mathematical and circuit simulation as well as with experimental results for intentional mobile telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) downlink band. As a design example, single branch NGDC with -0.8ns of group delay (GD) for narrow bandwidth of the specific frequency is simulated and fabricated. Finally, $\pi$-network NGDC is proposed and validated to obtain wideband GD response of $-1.7{\pm}0.06$ nsec for 60 MHz.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 1997

Several studies have evaluated the effects of types of relative frequency and delay interval of knowledge of results(KR) on motor skill learning independently. The purpose of this study was to determine more effective types of KR relative frequency and KR delay interval for motor learning. Forty-six healthy subjects (15 female, 31 male) with no previous experience with this experiment participated. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 29 years (mean=23.9, SD=0.474). All subjects were assigned to one of four groups: a high-instant group, a high-delay group, a low-instant group, and a low-delay group. During the acquisition phase, subjects practiced movements to a target (400 mm) with either a high (83%) or low (33%) KR relative frequency, and with either an instantaneous or delayed (after 8s) KR. Four groups were evaluated on retention (after 3min and 24hr) and transfer (450 mm) tests. The major findings were as follows: (1) there were no between-group differences in acquisition and short-term retention (p>0.05, (2) a low (33%) KR relative frequency during practice was as effective for learning as measured by both long-tenn retention and transfer tests, compared with high (83%) KR practice conditions (p<0.05), (3) delayed (8s) KR enhanced learning as measured by both long-term retention and transfer tests, compared with instantaneous KR practice conditions (p<0.05), and (4) there were no interactions between KR relative frequency and KR delay interval during acquisition, retention, and transfer phases. The results suggest that relatively less frequent and delayed KR are more effective types for motor learning than more frequent and instantaneous KR.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.39-39
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• 1995

No Abstract. See Full-text

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.386-391
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• 2019

This paper presents analysis results for the effect of the directional group delay of the antenna to implement a precision radio navigation system. The analysis was conducted through antenna simulation and test, and the test was performed in an anechoic chamber. The directional group delay of the antenna was calculated in phase-based analysis method. The results showed that a variation of up to 7.7ns in group delay occurred per antenna direction. The group delay variation from the analysis is 2.31 meters when converted into distance. It was tested using a real radio navigation system based on the time of arrival (TOA). The test verified the distance variation of 2.1 meters, and this value is similar to those obtained from the simulation and chamber test analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.135-137
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• 2002

In the favor of adjusting microwave signal, Hairpin type Filter, which delay microwave signal enough to several nanosecond, is a key component. One of the main advantage in using Hairpin type Filter is a conveniency for equipping with Delay Module, and because of having a wide bandwidth, Hairpin type Filter can be designed to satisfy the most applications. In this work, we attempted to estimate the delay time in a superconductive hairpin type filter A software to synthesize even and odd order equiripple hairpin type filter has been developed. This software arbitrarily locate its transfer zeros making symmetric of asymmetric amplitude response and equalizing group delay. Borland C++ compiler has been used. The program was designed to run under MS-DOS, Window 98, Window 2000. The program optimizes the position of the transfer function zeros in order to fulfill the group delay specification masks. We designed and fabricated a hairpin type HTS 2-pole microstrip bandpass filter to operate at 5.8Ghz. The fabrication method was pulsed laser deposition and YBCO films were deposited on sapphire substrates with a Ce$O_{2}$ thin layer as a buffer layer. We also developed a new style hairpin type filter by using interdigitide inner-pole. Compared to the same size regular hairpin type filters, our filters had a lower center frequency.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyze the delay phenomenon that can occur when controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle using a camera and describe a solution to solve the phenomenon. The group of pictures (GOP) value is changed in order to reduce the delay according to the frame data size that can occur in the moving image data transmission. The appropriate GOP values were determined through experimental data accumulation and validated through camera self-test, system integration laboratory (SIL) verification test and system integration test.