• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of (a) a self stretching exercise (SSE) maintained below the level of pain with (b) physical therapy (PT) performed without pain limitation in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Forty-three subjects with frozen shoulder were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups - an experimental group (SSE group, $n_1=18$) and a control group (PT group, $n_2=25$). The duration of each intervention was five weeks. We assessed night pains, range of motion (ROM), and shoulder function. Results: Overall, subjects in both groups improved over five weeks (p<0.05). The change in the PT group was greater (p<0.05) Conclusion: SSE carried out under the pain threshold may be used to treat patients with adhesive capsulitis SSE can be prescribed with PT as part of a home program or of group management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.807-819
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a 12-week low-intensity exercise program on muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and cognitive characteristics related to the performance of activity of daily living(ADL). A total of 16 patients who were admitted to the medical unit of a general hospital in ChoongChung province were recruited, eight for the exercise group and eight for the comparison group. Four levels of low-intensity exercise from 'ROM on bed' to 'exercise while walking' were then applied to the exercise group according to their physical condition. During hospitalization, patients in the exercise group performed each level of the prescribed exercise with the researchers until they felt comfortable doing it independently. The researchers also visited the patients' homes after discharge to make sure they could perform the exercise with Theraband in their living environment. The exercise group was contacted by phone once a week to assess the frequency and intensity in which they performed the exercise as well as their physical condition. The subjects in the comparison group participated in measurements for the study without performing the exercise and were contacted by phone after discharge, in a matched time frame with the exercise group, to assess physical condition. Muscle strength, flexibility, balance, cognitive characteristics, and performance of ADL for the two groups were compared at the pretest and the posttest after the low-intensity exercise program by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows : 1) At the postest, measurements of muscle strengths showed that the strength of the dorsal flexor in the exercise group was significantly higher than in the comparison group. 2) Objective balance for the exercise group was significantly better than for the comparison group as measured by 'standing on one foot' and Tinetti gait and balance control. 3) The exercise group showed significantly higher task self-efficacy than the comparison group. 4) Perceived exertion for ADL for the exercise group was significantly lower than for the comparison group. 5) Improvement of performance of ADL without assistance was significantly higher for the exercise group than the comparison group. The findings suggest that a low-intensity exercise program would be useful for the elderly who show decline in their physical functioning due to hospitalization by partly improving physical strength, task self-efficacy, and performance of ADL. Directions for further research on issues of motivating people to exercise as well as of standardizing various types of exercise were discussed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2019

Background: Stroke is one of the most common diseases responsible for physical disabilities. In addition to their physical and occupational therapy, the self-exercise programs were developed for patients with hemiplegia to increase the intensity of their therapeutic exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a customized self-exercise program (CSP) to walking function on improving stroke survivors' muscle strength and ambulation function. Method: To test the effect of the self-exercise program, the following tests were conducted: The functional ambulation category (FAC), Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment gait part (POMA-G), timed up and go (TUG), 10-meter walk, and 2-minute walk. The study included 161 consenting stroke patients (FAC score>1) from a randomized, screened sample of 217. The CSP group participated in a 30-minute CSP each day for 10 weeks in addition to completing a routine rehabilitation program. The control group received only a routine rehabilitation program. All the subjects were monitored by a therapist once a week and had to submit an exercise checklist at the end of each session. Result: The strength of the participants' upper and lower extremity muscles showed no significant differences between the CSP group and the control group. The FAC score and POMA-G also showed no significant differences. However, there were significant differences in the TUG, 10-meter walk test, and 2-minute walk test (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a CSP may improve gait-related function in stroke survivors.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.2197-2202
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• 2020

Background: If there is a difference in leg length, the center of gravity shifts unilaterally toward the short leg, causing loss of balance and secondary postural imbalance, trunk muscle tone changes, gait abnormalities and pelvic imbalance. Objectives: To investigate effects of self exercise program on leg length, balance in adults with leg-length discrepancy. Design: Single blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were selected and divided into resistance exercise, flexibility exercise, and core exercise. Each exercise was performed for 40 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Leg length and balance before and after exercise were measured and analyzed. Results: Following the interventions, resistance exercise group showed significant improvement in balance, but leg length difference did not show significant results. Flexibility exercise group showed significant improvement in leg length difference, but balance did not show significant results. Core exercise group showed significant improvement in leg length difference and balance. There was no significant difference in the comparison between the three groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that customized exercise according to the patient's level is beneficial to the patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 1994

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systematic disease with unpredictable course of exacerbation and remission, characterized by pain, joint deformity and reduced activity by joint limitation. The growing public awareness of the need for health management of chronic illnesses, provides impetus for nursing to demonstrate social effectiveness by active nursing intervention in this vast area in general, and with rheumatoid condition in particular. However, nursing interventions to date have not demonstrated its active participation in the management of chronic conditions. Nursing intervention for the patients having rheumatoid arthritis is one such area that needs to be studied intensively and to demonstrate their effectiveness empirically. The purposes of this study were two fold : first, to develop a comprehensive program that was intensified with therapeutic joint exercises in water, self-help group activities and utilization of self-efficacy promoting strategies : and secondly, to determine the effect of aquatic exercise program on pain, physiological changes and quality of life in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirty five female subjects participating in this study were selected from outpatients in the Rheumatism Center, Hanyang University hospital. The period of data collection was from December, 1992 to March, 1993 in seoul and Taejeon. Subjects in Taejeon were assigned to the experimental group. The comprehensive aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 6 weeks in regular swimming pool. Subjects in Seoul did not participated in the program, and treated as the control group. Data were analyzed with repeated measure MANCOVA, t-test, ANCOVA, percentage of change, Kruskal-Wallis 1-Way ANOVA using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) Scores on Korean pain scale, Numeric pain score, and RAI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.11, p=0.022 ; F=4.40, p=0.044 : t=3.10, p=0.002). 2) There was significant improvement in the physiological parameters (higher joint movement parameters, F=15.64, p=0.024 ; higher lean body mass, percentage of change=+12.2, lower body weight, t=1.01, p=0.026 : lower ESR, t=1.69, p=0.001) in the experimental group compaired with subjects In the control group. 3) There was significant improvement in the specific self-efficacy score through the comprehensive aquatic exercise program(t=2.73, p=0.011), but not in the general self- efficacy score(t=0.62, p=0.113). 4) The quality of life failed to show significant improvement in the experimental group as compaired with the control group (F=3.69, p=0.064). 5) In the experimental group, findings from additional analysis showed no significant difference in the specific self-efficacy between those who continued to aquatic exercise after completing 6 week program and those who stopped (X2=0.086, p=0.690). Therefore, adherence to aquatic exercise program for 6 weeks seem to be affected mainly by self-help group activities. An indepth study to delve into articulation of mechanisms affecting the effect of aquatic exercise program be recommended. A further study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of group and individual aquatic exercise program, to assess factors affecting adherence to exercise for an extended length of time.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

This study is a descriptive research attempted to examine the exercise practice of junior high school students and figure out their changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy according to the exercise practice so that they can be utilized as fundamental data for developing exercise intervention programs for junior high school students. The study subjects were students from five junior high schools in B City. Total 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 554 responded ones were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 10.0. According to the results of analyzing the subjects with the exercise changing stage tool, exercise non-practice group including the precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, and preparation stage occupies 57.6% while the exercise practice group including the action stage and maintenance stage consists of 42.4%. And according to the results of discriminating analysis setting total 10 factors of transtheoretical model variables as predictive factors to predict each group based on whether they practice exercise or not, it was found out that the subordinate factors of the changing process, consciousness-raising (F=33.98, p=.000), self-cognitive decision (F=21.55, p=.000), contrary condition provision (F=84.67, p=.000), helping relationship (F=28.52, p=.000), reinforced thinking (F=14.15, p=.000), and stimulus control (F=54.64, p=.000), and the subordinate factors of the decision-making balance, beneficial factors (F=15.65, p= .000) and hindering factors (F=8.58, p=.004), and self-efficacy (F=78.60. p=.000) were significant predictive factors and discriminating variables. Based on the research findings above, it will be necessary to develop exercise intervention programs sufficiently reflecting the changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy suitably for the subjects and make strategies to encourage their active participation and exercise maintenance, through verifying transtheoretical model variables according to whether the junior high school students practice exercise or not.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.238-248
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on pain, exercise self-efficacy, activities of daily living for postoperative lumbar spinal surgery. Method: The study used a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design in quasi-experimental research. The data were collected from April, 2010 to July, 2011. The subjects were 40 lumbar spine surgery patients who had been hospitalized in neurosurgery of G university hospital, 20 assigned for the experimental and 20 for the control group. Exercise of this study reformed to be adapted to lumbar spine surgery patients on the basis of William's flexion exercise and exercise for HIVD surgery patients developed by Kim(1995) and was practiced three times a day for 3 weeks. The data were analysed with ${\chi}^2$-test, t- test, Repeated measures ANOVA using the SPSS program. Result: There was a significant decrease in pain in the experimental group, but there was no significant increase in exercise self-efficacy and activities of daily living between the groups. Conclusion: Muscle strengthening exercise after surgery was effective in improvement of pain. Postoperative muscle strengthening exercise in lumbar spinal patients may be a useful intervention to reduce pain.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.243-247
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climbing exercise program on the spinal alignment and balance ability of students in 20's. The subjects of this study were 30 university students. Experimental group was performed climbing program combined with upper and lower extremity pattern for three times per week, during six weeks. A Self-efficacy questionnaire was used assess the self-confidence, individdual confidence, or belifes in specific tasks. The results of comparison of variations in each group showed that there was a significant difference in the training group(p<0.05). Climbing exercise program combined with upper and lower extremity pattern is effective for improvement of the self-efficay. So, these study results will be useful as reference date for improvement of the self-efficay.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.38-56
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• 1997

A great deal of attention has been paid to the quality of life in citizens due to the increased number of long term life expectancy. reported as effective in the health promotion of the senior citizens. In this study, the principal investigator developed an exercise program for the senior citizens, which could be educated and managed by nursing staff. This kind approach may support the need of exercise program on regular base via the social organization, which may mean the intentional change of life style. The exercise program consisted of exercise, health education, and a direct the population of the senior A regularexercise has been nursing care. A quasi -experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of excercise program on health of the elderly in senior citizen's center. Independent variable was a 9 weeks exercise program. Dependent variables were: 1) physical health [e.g. physical fitness(cardiopulmonary endurance, back muscle strength, grip strength, muscular tolerance, flexibility and body fat proportion), physiologic parameters(blood pressure, pulse, respiration. and blood glucose), and perceived physical health status; 2) mental health measured by depression score; and 3) cognitive perception of exercise measured by usefulness and self-efficacy. A total of 37 subjects was randomly assigned into either the control group (without the exercise program: n=18) or the intervention group(with the exercise program: n=19). The results of the study analyzed using a SAS, were as follows: 1) In physical fitness of physical health, there was a significant improvement in cardiopulmonary tolerance. back muscle strength. muscular tolerance and flexibility in the intervention group, compared to the control group, while no difference in grip strength and body fat proportion. The exercise program resulted in decreases in blood pressure, pulse, respiration and blood glucose within normal range and improvement of perceived physical health status in the intervention group. 2) There was a slight increase of mental health(depression score) in the intervention group compared to the control group. but without statistical significance. 3) There was a significant improvement in cognitive perception of exercise(e.g. usefulness and self -efficacy) in the intervention group, compared to the control group. It was concluded that the exercise program employed in this study was appropriate for women senior citizens and had a positive effect on health in general.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 2017

The aim of this study was investigated the effect of self-exercise based on health care application on upper extremity function and daily living, satisfaction in patients with stroke. This experiments were participated in thirty patients with stroke. All subjects allocated that randomized each fifteen patients in experimental and control groups. Subjects of both group received the conventional rehabilitation therapy during 30 min/day, 5 for week, for 4 weeks. Additionally, experimental group performed that self-exercise based on health care application, supervised under caregivers, during 30 min/day. Additionally, control group conducted only self-exercise supervised under caregivers, during 30 min/day. The outcome measures were the JHFT(: Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test), FMA(: Fugl-Meyer Assessment), K-MBI(: Korean Modified Barthel Index), VASS(: Visual Analog Satisfaction Scale). In results of study. Two groups showed significant improvements after intervention in all tests(p<.05). In comparison of change score between both group, experimental group showed greater significant improvements than control group in JHFT(p<.05). The experimental group was significant higher than control group in VASS(p<.05). We suggested that self-exercise based on health care application can have a positive effects of the improvements of hand function and satisfaction than usual self-exercise in patients with stroke.