• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.156-167
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 VBR(Variable-Bit-Rate) 트래픽의 비선형적이고 버스티한 특성을 모델화 한 GOP ARIMA(ARIMA for Group Of Pictures) 모델을 칼만 필터 알고리즘을 이용하여 실시간으로 예측하는 기법을 제안한다. 칼만 필터를 이용한 예측 기법은 GOP ARIMA의 상태공간 모델링 과정과 향후 N초 간의 트래픽을 예측하는 과정으로 구성된다. 실험을 위해 GOP의 크기가 각각 15인 세 가지 종류의 MPEG VBR 트래픽(뉴스, 드라마, 스포츠)을 제작하였고, 칼만 필터를 이용한 세 가지 종류의 트래픽의 예측 결과를 선형 예측법과 이중 지수 평활법을 이용해 예측한 결과와 비교해 예측 성능이 상대적으로 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 예측값에 신뢰 구간을 설정하는 신뢰 구간 분석법을 통해 트래픽 관점에서 장면 변화를 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 논문의 칼만 필터 기반의 예측 알고리즘은 MPEG 기반 VBR 트래픽을 비롯한 기타 인터넷 트래픽을 실시간으로 예측하는 방법과 이를 이용해 인터넷 서버의 설계 및 자원 할당 정책 등을 위한 트래픽 엔지니어링 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the ability of college students to use automated external defibrillators (AED) and to provide a basic data for helping laypersons easily apply the AED. Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to instruction groups. One group was instructed by pictures (group P), one by videos (group M), and one by telephone dispatchers (group D), Without employing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a single rescuer was asked to apply defibrillation to a mannequin for practice in accordance with the instructions assigned to each group. Results: Regarding the proper pad attachment of the AED, group P followed the instruction $0.31{\pm}0.47times$, group M, $0.81{\pm}0.40times$, and group D $0.69{\pm}0.47times$. Regarding the instruction of taking the hand off a patient for analyzing cardiac rhythm and the instruction of taking the hand off a patient before defibrillation, group P did not follow the instruction; group M followed the instructions $0.50{\pm}0.51times$; and group D followed all instructions at all times. Conclusion: If a dispatcher gives real-time instructions for using an AED to laypersons wtih no experience at the time of AED use, the quality of laypersons' AED use will greatly improve.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.264-275
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to develop a smoking preventive education program for elementary students and evaluate it's effectiveness. This study was a quasi experimental study under the nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 62 who are attending elementary school(31 for each group), 2 different district elementary school. The subjects were matched by grade, similar in anti-smoking educational background of smoking, as well as their residence and income level of their families. The instruments used in this study was 18 criterion referenced test items modeled by Dick & Carey that were developed by researchers for evaluating the subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking. A pretest was administered a week before treatment The program given to the experimental group is composed of the texts explaining the poisonous substances in tobacco, social and cultural harmfulness of smoking to the body and psychology, indirect smoking, smoking of pregnant women, motives of smoking, refusal skills of smoking; and for the subjects' understanding and the better results of study - pictures, role play, discussion, text through computer based multi-media, puzzle searching for hidden pictures, cross-word puzzle, and finally compensation. The data were collected for 50 days form mid- September to the end of October in the year of 2000, composed of formative evaluation, pre-test and summative evaluation via 2 sessions. Accordingly, the collected data were analysed by t-test, paired t-test, repeated measure ANOVA by the SAS program. This research summarize the findings as follows; 1. There was a significant difference in knowledge between the experimental group(after 1 wks t=10.4680, p=.0001; after 4 wks t= 9.310, p=.0001) and control group(after 1 wks t=0.0420, p= .9669; after 4 wks t= -0.378 p=.7079) in between the results of 1 and 4 week after education in summative evaluation (F=27.45, P=.0001). 2. There was non statistical significant difference in attitude between the experimental group (after 1 wks t=1.2292, p=0.2286 ; after 4 wks t=1.330, p=0.1935) and control group (after 1 wks t=0.1819, p=0.8569 ; after 4 wks t=0.2970, p=0.7685) in between the results of 1 and 4 week after education in summative evaluation(F=0.71, P=0.494). To sum up, the statistics of conclusive analysis evaluative for the children under school age of the 'knowledge acquisition' about smoking harmfulness. On the other hand, as there was already sound attitude about smoking, the evaluation of attitude was non significant difference between control group and experimental group, just there was partially significant difference.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1514-1525
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• 1998

VBR(variable bit rate) MPEG 비디오 트래픽의 가장 큰 특징은 픽쳐 형태별로 통계 특성과 GOP(group of pictures)구조에 따른 주기적인 트래픽 발생 패턴이다. 특히, GOP의 시작인 1-픽쳐에서는 다른 픽쳐들보다 매우 큰 양의 트래픽이 발생한다. 따라서, VBR MPEG비디오 정보원이 다중화 될 때, 이들의 시작 시간 배열은 ATM 다중화기의 셀 손실 특성에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 VBR MPEG 비디오 정보원들이 임의의 시작 시간 배열을 갖는 환경하에서의 ATM 다중화기의 성능 해석 모델을 제안하였다. 성능 해석을 위하여 개별 트래픽과 다중화된 트래픽을 NDPP(non-deterministic periodic process)로서 모델링 하였고, 다중화기는 U-state NDPP/D/1/B 큐잉 시스템으로 모델링 하였다. 해석 결과는 모의 실험의 결과와 매우 유사한 경향임을 보여준다. 시작 시간 배열과 ATM 다중화기의 성능간의 관계를 고찰함으로서. 다중화 성능을 최대화하도록 다중화되는 VBR MPEG 비디오 정보원들의 시작 시간을 배열하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to examine how people categorize obese individuals and if they have stereotyping about obese individuals. Twenty-five female volunteer subjects participated in this study. Subjects were undergraduate students in Textiles and Clothing courses at a midwestern university, US. Subjects were asked to give their one-word responses to four statements or questions regarding their impressions of six stimuli. The six stimuli consisted of magazine photographs of women; the magazines were general interest and fashion publications. Subjects then recorded their answers in the boxes for each of the six pictures. As the results, the relevant question as to whether or not more negative attributes would be assigned to the obese model's photographs was confirmed for the Description of Model variable, but not for the Personality of Model or for the Liking the Model variables. There was significant difference in means between the positive and negative descriptions of the Description of Model variable in the direction of negativity toward the obese group seems to confirm that, not only do people categorize others based on appearance, but there was a tendency to favor the average-size group and to view as negative the obese group.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.2464-2479
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• 2014

Multi-view video coding is an international encoding standard that attains good performance by fully utilizing temporal and inter-view correlations. However, it suffers from high computational complexity. This paper presents a fast encoder design to reduce the level of complexity. First, when the temporal correlation of a group of pictures is sufficiently strong, macroblock-based inter-view prediction is not employed for the non-anchor pictures of B-views. Second, when the disparity between two adjacent views is above some threshold, frame-based inter-view prediction is disabled. Third, inter-view prediction is not performed on boundary macroblocks in the auxiliary views, because the references for these blocks may not exist in neighboring views. Fourth, finer partitions of inter-view prediction are cancelled for macroblocks in static image areas. Finally, when estimating the disparity of a macroblock, the search range is adjusted according to the mode size distribution of the neighboring view. Compared with reference software, these techniques produce an average time reduction of 83.65%, while the bit-rate increase and peak signal-to-noise ratio loss are less than 0.54% and 0.05dB, respectively.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1004-1014
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• 2006

The purposes of this study is to investigate the present condition of nurses' uniform design and to categorize the image of nurses' uniform design. To investigate the nurses' uniform design, total 241 data were collected from the pictures of nurses who work for private hospital and semi-general hospital in Deajeon and Seoul city and Chungnam province and the pictures of uniform for nurses in general hospital presented at nurses' uniform company web sites. This data was evaluated by 3 major garment characteristics, yin/yang, casual/professional, and lightness/ darkness-were used as criteria for categorizing the image of nurses' uniform design. Focus group consisting of 10 experts majored in Clothing and Textiles were evaluated by 7 point Likert type scales. Nurses' uniform design at the present time showed equal distribution in terms of yin/yang and casual/professional. However, in terms of lightness/darkness, nurses' uniform design were partial to light image. Therefore, dark image, specially dark and masculine image in nurses' uniform design were very rare. Nurses' uniform design had some differences by type of hospital, department, and geographical area. The most important meaning from the result through this study was that the nurse uniforms were classified into groups according to the present condition of nurses' uniform design.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2012

This paper proposes a frame-level rate control algorithm for low delay video applications to reduce the fluctuations in the bitrate. The proposed algorithm minimizes the bitrate fluctuations in two ways with minimal coding loss. First, the proposed rate control applies R-Q model to all frames including the first frame of every group of pictures (GOP) except for the first one of a sequence. Conventional rate control algorithms do not use any R-Q models for the first frame of each GOP and do not estimate the generated-bit. An unexpected output rate result from the first frame affects the remainder of the pictures in the rate control. Second, a rate-distortion (R-D) cost is calculated regardless of the hierarchical coding structure for low bitrate fluctuations because the hierarchical coding structure controls the output bitrate in rate distortion optimization (RDO) process. The experimental results show that the average variance of per-frame bits with the proposed algorithm can reduce by approximately 33.8% with a delta peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) degradation of 1.4dB for a "low-delay B" coding structure and by approximately 35.7% with a delta-PSNR degradation of 1.3dB for a "low-delay P" coding structure, compared to HM 8.0 rate control.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1581-1595
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• 2010

This paper investigates the regional characteristics of street fashion in China. Yanji, Beijing, Shanghai were chosen as three different cities in terms of location, weather, population, and industrial structure. A total of 592 pictures were collected through an internet and fashion magazine search for street fashion in Beijing and Shanghai in addition photos were taken for those in Yanji. Pictures of each city were classified into groups based on overall images covering top, bottom, and accessories to identify the characteristics of style in each group. The classification process included 2 stages. In the first stage, it produced 2 groups: formal and casual. The second stage divided formal into business formal and retro formal; casual was divided into II sub-groups that were easy, sporty, feminine, sexy, ethnic, girlish, nippon, trendy, bulky, military, and mixed. Easy casual showed the highest frequency for 3 cities and military style showed the lowest. Shanghai showed higher frequency in sporty, trendy, and military style than other cities. Each style exposed the similarities and differences in the cities that reflected different regional characteristics.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1991

This experiment was carrid out to investigate whether Aloe arborescens had a radioprotective effect in cobalt-60 gamma irradiated(600 and 700ra4s) mice. The survival ratio of mice for 30 days and blood pictures were investigated. 1. The survival ratios of 600ra4s gamma Irradiated(dose rate 50rads/min.) in pre-irradiation aloe administered group(A), post-irradiation aloe administered group(B) and control group were 73.3%, 72.3% and 63.3%, and those of 700ra4s groups were 63.3%, 60.0% and 51.7%, respectively. 2. The total leucocyte counts of aloe administered groups were less decreased and more rapidly recovery to normal level than those of control group. 3. The lymphocyte counts were rapidly decreased on the 1st day after irradiation in all experimental groups than those of control group. 4. The recovery effects of total leucocyte counts of pre-irradiation aloe administered groups were superior to those of post-irradiation aloe groups and control group.