• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7843-7847
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• 2014

Background: Although breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in women, the majority of the studies describing the characteristics of BC in elderly patients have been limited to survival assessments or tumor features, without using younger BC patients as a reference group. The aim of our study was to describe and compare tumor characteristics and management patterns in elderly versus younger breast cancer patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 152 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery in our institution between 2002 and 2012. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to age at the time of diagnosis. Results: There were 62 patients in the elderly group (${\geq}65$ years) and 90 patients in the younger group (<65 years). Compared to the younger group, tumors in the elderly group were more likely to be larger (p=0.018), of lower grade (p=0.005), and hormone receptor-positive (p>0.001). There were no significant differences regarding histology, localization, lymph node involvement, or types of surgical procedures between the 2 groups. Comorbidities were more common in elderly patients (p<0.001). In addition, elderly patients were more likely to receive hormonal therapy (p<0.001) and less likely to receive radiotherapy (p=0.08) and chemotherapy (p=0.003). There was no difference in survival and locoregional recurrence rates between the groups. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that breast cancer in elderly patients has more favorable tumor features, warranting less aggressive treatment regimens after surgery.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2013

This thesis revolves around dual sensory therapy techniques using perception arts group counseling program focused on Popcorn Brain phenomenon. The program emphasizes intrinsic motivations for changes by activating the brain's dual sensory such as a sense of smell, tactile sensation and vision to deal with brain issues caused by digital devices addiction. Perception arts group counseling program is based on voluntary satisfaction of relationship desires, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and belonging. Expression methods using dual sensory were presented as an alternative to resolving digital devices addiction by blending cognitive-behavioral counseling technique and group art therapy technique. The blending method offers an environment that can maintain a change to a senseless and lackluster brian due to excessive uses of digital devices, the main cause of Popcorn Brain, by emphasizing "thoughts${\rightarrow}$emotions${\rightarrow}$behavior" with a structural expression approach. If perception arts group counseling program is established in more systematic fashion and used strategically to offer such environment, it may be used as a treatment for brain issues described above. In addition, the program can be used a basis for encouraging voluntary treatment to satisfy relationship desires.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.427-436
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• 2019

This study investigated the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the knee angle, MAS, and TUG of the affected side in patients with hemiplegic strokes. This study selected 20 patients who received rehabilitation treatment at a hospital after having been diagnosed with stroke. The control group (n=10) received the general physiotherapy (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation), and the experimental group (n=10) applied the extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) to the injured limb after PNF treatment. This study used an integrated kinematics analyzer (4D-MT, Relive, Korea) to analyze walking, timed up and go test to evaluate the dynamic balance ability of patients, and MAS to evaluate the spasticity. In the study results, knee angle were significantly different in all groups(p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the groups(p>0.05). In the study results, TUG were significantly different in all groups(p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the groups(p>0.05). Based on the results of this study, I hope that more detailed research will proceed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.150-161
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for the effective development and operation of forest healing by analysing the preference of adults on the forest therapy program. The survey of 516 normal adults on the forest therapy program was conducted. Using SPSS 21.0 Program, data analysis of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of each program confirmed number of covariate, and so we conducted a factor analysis to short meaningful data. And then we looked at the forest healing program preference difference according to demographic characteristics(sex, age, residence, occupation) through reliability analysis, frequency analysis, T-test, analysis of variance(ANOVA). Facter analysis was performed by use of the VariMax orthogonal rotation factor analysis to abbreviate 37 forest therapy program. Through this, the program has been reduced such as 7 program group(1: psychology-based treatment, 2: teaching and counselling-based treatment, 3: camping and forest bath-based treatment, 4: diet-based treatment, 5: nature and plant-based treatment, 6: meditation-based treatment, 7: respiration and yoga-based treatment) and 7 independent programs(1: sleeping in the forest, 2: vision quest, 3: soaking in water, 4: walking wearing shoes, 5: viewing the forest, 6: mountaineering, 7: athletics in the forest). With this criterion, the forest therapy program difference in accordance with sex, age, residence, occupation has been investigated. First, it was verified that there was a significant difference between male and female in the group of such as psychology-based treatment, diet-based treatment, mountaineering. Second, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as teaching and counselling-based treatment, camping and forest bath-based treatment, nature and plant-based treatment, respiration and yoga-based treatment, athletics in the forest. Third, according to the residence, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as psychology-based treatment, teaching and counselling-based treatment, diet-based treatment, nature and plant-based treatment, meditation-based treatment, vision quest, mountaineering, athletics in the forest. Fourth, according to the occupation, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as nature and plant-based treatment, medication-based treatment, vision quest, walking wearing shoes, viewing the forest, mountaineering. As shown before, it seems to be necessary that we should be mindful of this investigation which shows variety of preference of adults on the forest therapy program according to demographic characteristics. We expect the results of this study to be utilized as basic data for the development of forest therapy program targeting on adults.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.126-133
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• 2020

This study was conducted with a randomized control group pretest-posttest study design to investigate the effects of a combined arts education program combining choral and respiratory training on the respiratory function, stress, and quality of life of university students. Twenty-five university students were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=13) who participated in the combined arts education program and the control group (n=12) who participated in the general arts education program. As a result, there was a significant difference in the lung capacity, respiratory strength, stress and quality of life scale before and after the experiment in the experimental group (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the rest of the tests showed significant differences (p<0.05), except for the result FEV1. Through the results of this study, the combined art education program that combines chorus and breathing training will be beneficial as a program to improve stress reduction, breathing function and quality of life of university students.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions performed by neonatal nursing unit nurses. For data collection this study used the taxonomy of Nursing Intervention Classification(NIC : 486 nursing intervention) which was modified by McCloskey & Bulecheck(2000). The new 58 nursing interventions was translated into Korean, and then modified by pannel group, which consist of clinical experts and nursing scholars and finally the 419 nursing interventions was selected. The data were collected from 112 nurses. 168 nursing interventions were performed at least monthly by 50％ or more of the nurses. The high frequency of performed nursing interventions were Family domain. 37 nursing interventions were performed at least once a day. The nursing interventions receiving the highest item mean score were neonatal care, neonatal monitoring, photo-therapy; neonate, bottle feeding and temperature regulation. 56 nursing interventions were rarely performed by 90％ or more of the nurses. Most of them were in the behavioral domain. The rarely used interventions were urinary bladder training, art therapy, religious addiction prevention, religious ritual enhancement and bladder irrigation. Therefore, neonatal nursing units nurses used interventions in the Physiological: basic domain most often on a daily basis and the interventions in the behavioral domain least often. These findings will help in building of a standardized language for the neonatal nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care. Further study will be needed to classify each intervention class and nursing activity and validate NIC in pediatric care unit.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

This study was conducted for the evaluation of the effects of singing program combined with physical exercise on the physiologic changes, perception function and degree of depression. The subjects were the members of elderly women's glee club in D care center for the elderly, who have been singing for more than 6 months. 30 members were allocated to study group and 30 to control group. The singing program designed for both physical therapy and music therapy was consisted of initial physical exercise, singing art songs and classical song and the finishing physical exercise. This program was performed twice a week and about forth minutes was consumed for one session. We checked the heart rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation, perception function and degree of depression before and after the program. We used a pulse oxymeter to check the heart rate to oxygen saturation and a questionnaire for the evaluation of perception function and degree of depression. We need SPSS program for data analysis. The results of the investigated personnel complying with general characteristics were analyzed by frequency, two groups by t-test, data before and after the program by paired t-test, respectively. The results were as follows. 1) Heart rate after the program was significantly lower than that before program in test group(p<0.05). 2) Peripheral oxygen saturation after the program was significantly higher than that before the program(p<0.05). 3) Ability to match the right sign with a certain predetermined number was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong matching the sign with number before program was 30. But the frequency was decreased to 8 after the program. 4) Ability to calculate was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong calculation before the program was $1.10{\pm}1.94$. But the frequency after the program was decreased to $0.97{\pm}1.84$. 5) The degree of depression after the program($2.07{\pm}0.49$) was significantly lower than that before program(p<0.001). These results show that singing program combined with physical exercise improves the oxygen delivery to peripheral circulation, stability of heart function, the perception function(calculating and matching ability) and decreases the degree of depression. In conclusion, singing program combined with physical exercise can be used for the effective measure to improve the health of elderly and prevent dementia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Facial expressions decide an image for the individual, and the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions is the core of human relations, hence recognizing emotion through facial expression is important enough to change attitude and decisions between individuals within social relations. Children with unstable attachment development, seniors, autistic group, ADHD children and depression group showed low performance results in facial expression recognizing ability tasks, and active interventions with such groups anticipates possibilities of prevention and therapeutic effects for psychological disabilities. The quantified figures that show detailed change in position of lips, eyes and cheeks anticipates for possible applications in diverse fields such as human sensibility ergonomics, korean culture and art contents, therapeutical and educational applications to overcome psychological disabilities and as methods of non-verbal communication in the globalizing multicultural society to overcome cultural differences.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.12-27
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• 2020

Purpose: Bullying is a global problem, and various programs are under way to prevent it. The purpose of this study was to review school bullying interventions for Korean school-age children and adolescents. Methods: Online databases such as RISS, KISS, DBpia, NDSL and KMBASE were searched, identifying 32 intervention studies published from January 2009 to November 2018. Results: Thirty-two intervention studies were identified: 23 included school bullying prevention and 9 included school bullying treatment for victims or youth at high risk for bullying. The main purpose of preventive intervention was to decrease the bystander's attitude toward group bullying and treatment program was to improve the psychosocial adaptation of bullying victims. The school bullying interventions varied from group counseling, social skills training, art therapy, bibliotherapy using role-play, game & activities. Classroom environment variables and self-esteem, peer-related variables improved significantly after the school bullying prevention programs and school bullying treatment programs, respectively. Conclusion: There is potential for enhancing the outcomes of the behavioral, interpersonal psychological variable. Integrated interventions considering the individuality, gender and physical health of children and adolescents will also be needed. However, a rigorous study design is required to compensate for the methodological limitations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference between the deokhu activities and the flow level of the deokhu group. We also tested whether there are any real differences in emotion before and after the deokhu activities. The study included 227 adults and results were as follows. First, the deokhu group had a high cost of investing and a high rate of one-day investments, particularly for one-week activities and years of duration compare to the non-deokhu group. Second, the higher the degree to which they perceived themselves as deokhu and the level of deokhu activities were higher in flow. and the group of deokhu was more absorbed than the non-deokhu group. Third, there has been no change in positive and negative feelings before and after deokhu activities in the non-deokhu group. For the deokhu group, the positive emotions of happiness, joy, tranquility, pleasure increased and negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, sadness, shame, and guilt were significantly reduced after deokhu activities. The perception of deokhu and deokhu activities have positive functions that increase the level of flow, relieve negative feelings and enhance positive emotions.