• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 1993

Ultrasonography observations were made of the kidneys of 21 dogs. Ultrasonography images obtained in transverse and longitudinal planes. A 3.5-MHz linear transducer was used. All examinations were peformed on dogs in dorsal recumbency under anesthesia. The right kidney was 3.2~3.8cm long, 1.7~3.5 cm wide and 1.0～1.9cm deep in 0～5 of body weight group, 3.6~4.6cm long, 2.4～3.6cm wide and 1.4～2.1cm deep in 5～10 of body weight group, and 4.6～6.4cm long, 3.3～4.2cm wide and 2.0~2.0cm deep in 10～15kg of body weight group(p< 0.01). Diameter of the parenchyma of the right kidney ranged between 0.4～0.9cm in 0～5kg group, 0.6～1.0cm in 5～l0kg group and 0.9-1.1cm in 10~15kg group(p<0.01). Diameter of the renal sinus of the right kidney ranged between 0.3～0.5cm in 0～5kg group, 0.4～0.7cm in 5～10kg group and 0.5～0.9cm in 10~ 15kg group(p< 0.01). Similar ultrasonic measurements were obtained for the left kidney. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic findings described in this study can be used as references for diagnosis of morphologic changes in e canine kidney.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 1997

Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed experimental diet, and also were orally daministerred with 3.0% ultra low viscosity (ULV) sodium alginate-added functional drink(AL-3.0% group : HAEJOMIN), 5.0% polyedxtrose(PD)-added drink(PD-5.0group) and 2.5% polydextrose-added drink(PD-2.5 group) for 8 weeks. Effect of rhese dietary fiber-added functional drinks on body weight, feed and gross efficincies, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, LDL- cholesterol levels, hydroxyl radical and malondialdehyde levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of SD rats were evaluated. Administration of AL-3.0 drink and PD-5.0 drink resulted in a marked inhibition in increase of body weight compared with control and PD-2.5 groups for 8 weeks. Inhibition effect in body weight in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink )AL-3.0 froup_ showed a same trend in 5.0% polydextrose(PD)-added drink (PD-5.0 group)(p<0.001). Therefore, it is found that inhibition effects of obesity in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink were higher 2 times than that in same concentration of polydextrose(PD)-added drink. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 25$\sim$30% compared with control group(p<0.01$\sim$0.001), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. LDL-cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 group significantly decreased about 15% compared with PD-5.0 group, but atherogenic index in AL-3, 0 group showed a similar trend to that in PD-5.0 group. Hydroxyl radical formations and lipid peroxide(LPO) levels in AL-3, 0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 15% and 20%, respectively, compared with control group(p, 0.05$\sim$0.01), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. Superoxide, dismutase(SOD) activity in AL-3.0 group significantly higher (about 255) than those in control and PD-5.0 groups(p<0.01). These results suggest that administration of ULV-sodium alginate-added functional drink(HAEJOMIIN) effectively can not only inhibit obesity, but also can intervent chronic degenerative disease and aging process.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on mixed function oxidase system (MFO), lipofuscin contents, carbonyl value, oxidative damage and the antioxidative defense system in lung of microwave exposed rats. Experimental groups were divided to normal group and microwave exposed group. The microwave exposed groups were subdivided into three groups: catechin free diet (MW-0C) group, 0.25% catechin (MW-0.25C) group and 0.5 ％ catechin (MW-0.5C) group according to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. The rats were irradiated with microwave at frequency of 2.45 GHz for 15 min. Experimental animals were sacrificed at 6th day after microwave irradiation. The contents of cytochrome P$_{450}$ contents in MW-0C group was increased to 95% , compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 16% and 31%, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P$_{450}$ reductase in MW-0C group was increased to 44%, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 12% and 17％, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in MW-0C group was decreased to 21 ％, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) in MW-0C group was significantly decreased, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were recovered to the level of normal group. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content in MW-0C group was increased to 34 ％, compared with normal group. Catechin supplementation groups were maintained the level of normal group. The levels of caybonyl value in MW-0C group was increased to 21 ％, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 14% and 12%, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The lipofuscin contents in MW-0C group were increased to 23.4 ％, compared with normal group. That of MW-0.5C group was significantly reduced, compared with MW-0C group. In conclusion, MFO system was activated and the formation of oxidized protein, lipofuscin was increased and antioxidative defense system was weakened of lung tissue in microwave exposed rats, thus oxidative damage was increased. But it was rapidly recovered to normal level by green tea catechin supplementation.n.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1064-1068
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• 1999

This study was quality changes of sulgiduk added green tea powder during storage. Sulgiduk prepared with various concentrations of green tea powder; 0%(control group), 0.5%(GT 0.5 group), 1%(GT 1.0 group), 1.5%(GT 1.5 group), 2%(GT 2.0 group), and the changes of its quality during 7 days of storage were investigated. Total microbe numbers, the acidity and pH in sulgiduk during storage were decreased with increasing the added amounts of a green tea powder, and especially those of GT 1.0 and GT 1.5 groups had relatively the lower than other groups. The "L" value(lightness) of the control group was the highest among five groups, and its value was decreased throughout storage, and especially GT 0.5 groups had the lowest brightness. The "a" value(reddness) of the control group was higher than other four groups, and increased GT 2.0>GT 1.5>GT 1.0>GT 0.5 groups, in that order. The "b" value(yel lowness) was increased in the order; GT 2.0>GT 1.5>GT 1.0>GT 0.5 groups. These results indicated that GT 1.0 group showed the best quality than other groups of sulgiduk during storage. of sulgiduk during storage.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to observe the microleakage of composite resin filling using several glass ionomer cements. The Class V cavities of eighty noncarious human molars were prepared at the cementoenamel juction on the facial and lingual surfaces of each tooth with a No.330 carbide bur in a high speed handpiece. The cavity dimensions were $3.0{\pm}0.5mm$ wide, $2.0{\pm}0.5mm$ high, and $1.5{\pm}0.5mm$ deep and all enamel cavosurface margins were beveled with a No.558 carbide bur in low speed handpiece. The bevel was approximately $45^{\circ}$ and 0.5-1.0mm in width. A total of the 160 cavities was divided into four groups, and then 144 cavities among them were three experimental groups and remaining sixteen cavities were control group. All of the prepared cavities were restored as follows: group 1 : Preparations were restored with there three glass ionomer cements. group 2 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases placed $0.2{\pm}0.1mm$ short of the cavosurface margin. group 3 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases extened to the cavosurface margin. group 4 : As control group, preparations were restored with a composite resin, PALFIQUE. The specimens were then thermocycled in a range of $6^{\circ}C-60^{\circ}C$ and immersed in a bath of 2.0% aqueous basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Dye penetration was read on a scale of 0 to 4 by Tani and Buonocore's method. The following conclusions were derived from the results obtained; 1. All groups showed significantly more leakage at the gingival margins than at the occlusal margins(p<0.0005). 2. At the gingival margins, group 1 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005). 3. At the occlusal margins, group 4 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.1) and group 1(p<0.005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p>0.1) and group 1(p<0.025).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find out the optimal mixing ratio of green tea powder, sugar, and water for the preparation of Seolgiddeok through Response Surface Methodology based on the color, sensory, and texture test. The oganoleptic and textural properties of Seolgiddeok prepared with various concentrations of green tea powder (0% (control group), 0.5% (GT-0.5 group), 1% (GT-1.0 group), 1.5% (GT-1.5 group), 2% (GT-2.0 group)), and their quality changes during storage were also investigated. The optimal mixing ratio of green tea powder, sugar, and water for preparing the best quality Seolgiddeok was 1.0%, 12%, and 22%, respectively. The proximate composition of green tea powder was 21.70% of crude protein, 8.49% of crude lipid, 2.95% of reducing sugar, and 6.40% of ash. The contents of crude lipid, reducing sugar, and catechins in Seolgiddeok added with a green tea powder were increased with increasing the content of green tea powder. The hardness and gumminess of GT-1.0 group were the lowest among four groups, whereas GT-1.0 and GT-2.0 groups had the lowest cohesiveness. While the control group was the lowest in adhesiveness, the springness was not significantly different among all groups. GT-0.5 and GT-1.5 groups were the highest in sweet taste and colorfulness, respectively. However, GT-1.0 group had the best overall quality. Total microbial numbers, the acidity and pH in Seolgiddeok during storage were decreased with increasing green tea powder content, and especially those of GT-1.0 and GT-1.5 groups were relatively the lower than others. The “L” value (lightness) of the control group (no additives) was the highest among five groups, and the value was decreased with storage period, and especially GT-0.5 groups had the lowest brightness. The“a”value (reddness) of the control group was the highest, followed by GT-0.5, GT-1.0, GT-1.5, and GT- 2.0 group in order. The“b”value (yellowness) was increased with the increase of green tea powder content. Above results indicated that GT-1.0 group showed the best quality of Seolgiddeok through organoleptic and rheology tests.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of HBM(Healthy Body Maker) on the weight loss and serum cholesterol level of rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200$\pm$5g were grouped into 2. Rats were raised for 6 weeks with diet containing 0% and 5% of HBM. 1. There were no clinical signs for all the experimental period(6 weeks) in 0% and 5% groups. 2. At 3 and 6 weeks. body weight of 5% HBM group was significantly lower than that of control group. respectively(p<0.05, p<0.01). 3. At 4 weeks. the level of MCHC of 5% HBM group was significantly higher than that of control group(p<0.01) And at 6 weeks the level of RBC and Hct of 5% HBM group were significantly higher than those of control group(p<0.05) 4. At 6 weeks. the level of serum cholesterol of 5% HBM group was significantly lower than that of control group. 5. Absolute liver weight of 5% HBM group was significantly lower than that of control group(p<0.05). 6. Minor subaceous sickness of liver cell in the control group appeared but no symptom of liver cell in 5% HBM group. It is concluded that HBM was a safe and effective diet food which aided in inducing weight loss in rat without any observed harmful clinical side effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.471-474
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• 1995

A total of 20 patients underwent bullectomy in the spontaneous pneumothorax between October 1993 and August 1994. The patients were divided into two groups: Control group; the patients who received with mid-axillary approach[n=10 , Experimental group; the patients who received with video-assisted thoracic surgery [n = 10 . The results were as follows; 1. The total sex distribution was male predominence [M :F=6:1 . Mean age of control group was 31.6$\pm$ 10.1 age and experimental group was 24.3$\pm$ 5.5 age. 2. The operative times were 117.0 $\pm$ 32.6min in control group and 102.5$\pm$ 38.4min in experimental group [not significant . 3. The indwelling period of postoperative chest tube and hospital stay were 4.5$\pm$ 2.6 days and 8.3 $\pm$ 1.8 days in control group, $1.5\pm$ 0.5 days and 3.1 $\pm$ 0.3 days in experimental group[p=0.0018, < 0.0001 . 4. In control group, injection times of pain-killer were 1.7$\pm$ 0.7 times/day at operative day and 0.4$\pm$ 0.6times/day at postoperative 1 day. In experimental group, there were 0.3$\pm$ 0.7times/day at operative day and 0.1 $\pm$ 0.3times/day at postoperative 1 day[p=O.O002 at operative day, not significant at postoperative 1 day .

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-32
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• 1998

A questionaire was conducted to obtain ran satisfactions in information of the 325 disabled persons among the total 9,314 handicapped people in Taejon area, and was surveyed during the period of June 1 to August 31, 1997. The results are as follows: 1. Among the studied disabled persons, $54.5\%$ of male, and $45.5\%$ of female. 2. Before disabled in occupation, $32.0\%$ of out of work group were high, $6.5\%$ of farm, student group were low. Before disabled in occupation by gender, male group is $29.9\%$ of out of work group were high, $0.6\%$ of housework group were low. female group is$34.5\%$ of out of work group were high, $4.7\%$ of student group were low(P<0.001). 3. After disabled in occupation, $75.1\%$ of out of work group wert high, $10.8\%$ of in working group were low. After disabled in occupation by gender, male group is $87.6\%$ of out of work group were high, $1.7\%$ of housework group were low. female group is $60.1\%$ of out of work group were hgh, $10.8\%$ of in working group were low(P<0.001). 4. Medical security status, $64.9\%$ of medical aid group wore high, $35.1\%$ of medical insurance group were low. Medical security status by gender, male group is $71.2\%$ of medical aid group were high, $28.8\%$ of medical insurance group were Iew. female group is $57.4\%$ of medical aid group wan high, $42.6\%$ of medical insurance were low(P<0.01). 5. Disabled record status, $68.6\%$ of record group were high, $31.4\%$ of non group were low. Disabled record status by gender, male group is $78.5\%$ of record group were high, $21.5\%$ of non record group were low. female group is $56.6\%$ of record group were high, $43.4%$ of non record group were low(P<0.001). 6. Disabled duration status, $42.2\%$ of loss than 9 year group were high, $10.2\%\;of\;20-29,\;30-39$ year group were low. Disabled duration status by gender,'male group is $44.6\%$ of less than 9 year group were high, $6.2\%$ of 20-29 year group wert low. female group is $39.2\%$ of less than 9 year were high, $39.2\%$ of 30-39 year group were low (P<0.05). 7. Cause of disabled status, $26.5\%$ of other group, $23.7\%$ of congenital group were high. $9.2\%$ of unknown group, $6.8\%$ of industry accident, $2.5\%$ of drug poisoning group were low. Cause of disabled status by gender, male group is $27.7\%$ of other group, $23.7\%$ of congenital group were high, $2.3\%$ drug poisoning group were low. female group is $25.0\%$ of other group, $20.9\%$ of congenital group were high, $2.5\%$ of drug poisoning group were low (P<0.001). 8. Disabled type status, $19.4\%$ of double disabled group were high, $2.2\%$ of muscle paralysis group were low. Disabled type status by gender, male group is $22.0\%$ of double disabled group were high, $2.3\%$ of muscle paralysis group were low. female group is $23.3\%$ of rheumatism group were high, $0.7\%$ of amputation group were low(P<0.001). 9. Smoking status, $73.2\%$ of non smoking group were high, $26.8\%$ of smoking group were low. Smoking status by gender, male group is $59.9\%$ of double non smoking group were high, $40.1\%$ of Smoking group were low, female group is $89.2\%$ of non smoking group were high, $10.8\%$ of smoking group were low(P<0.001). 10. Drinking status, $80.0\%$ of non drinking group were high, $20.0\%$ of drinking group were low. Drinking status by gender, male group is $72.3\%$ of non drinking group were high, $27.7\%$ of drinking group were low. female group is $89.2\%$ of non drinking group were high, $10.8\%$ of drinking group were low(P<0.001). 11. Stress level status, $52.9\%$ of high stress group were high, $1.8\%$ of very severe stress group were low. Stress level status by gender, male group is $50.8\%$ of high stress group were high, $2.3\%$ of very severe stress group were low. female group is $55.4\%$of high stress group were high, $1.4\%$ of very severe stress group were low. 12. Heed status, $28.0\%$ of economic support were high, $4.6\%$ of speech therapy, brace group were low. Need status by Sender, male group is $2i2\%$ of economic support group were high, $4.5\%$ of bracegroup were low. female group is$27.7\%$ of economic support group were high, $3.4\%$ of speech therapy group were low. 13. Care satisfaction comparision, 3.09, 0.55 point of IBR, 4.01, 0.45 point of CHR(P<0.001). 14. The variables which had positive correlation with IBR were gender(r=0.1406, P<0.01), age(r=0.1872, p<0.001), economic level(r=0.1246, P<0.05), disabled record(r=0.1137, P<0.05), education level(r=-0.1122. p<0.05). 15. The variables which had positive : correlation with CBR were gender(r=0.1613, P<0.01), age(r=0.2255, P<0.001). list of family(r=0.12i3, P<0.01), disabled record(r=0.1273, P<0.05). education level(r=-0.1294, P<0.01).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.885-892
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• 2001

The purpose at this study was comparied at effect the pulmonary function to breathing exercise(BE) in water with on land. The result was as follow: FVC(Forced Vital Capacity) was decreased 1.5% in control group, increased 1.5% in BE on land group and increased 6.5% in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group. FEV1(forced expiratory volume at one second) was increased 0.2% in the control group, decreased 0.7% in BE on land group and increased 5.7% in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group. MVV(maximal voluntary ventilation) was significant difference in BE in water group who was increased 12.2% after BE. It was decreased 1.0% in the control group and increased 0.2% in BE on land group. VC(vital capacity) was decreased 1.5% in the control group, increased 6.2% in BE on land group and increased in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group. IC(Inspiratory Capacity) was decreased 0.5% in the control group, increased 7.5% in BE on land group and decreased 2.0% in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference on land group. ERV(Expiratory Reserve Volume) was decreased 0.5% in the control group, increased 3.0% in BE on land group and increased 8.5% in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group.