• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2015

The subject of this research is to analyze the design characteristics of outdoor spaces in Good Design awarded apartment complexes in the past decade. The results are as follows. First, the overall outdoor space design theme, one of the conceptual elements, is focused on both 'nature' and 'story of various subject' that are similar to each other. Second, the case study object with the visual openness, which is secured between apartment blocks, is shown frequently in case box-shaped apartment blocks are arranged in a row. However, in case of Y-shaped block arrangement, the visual openness secured within an apartment complex is considered more important. Third, according to the result of circulation/ inner path element, the most frequently appeared inner path form is a grid pattern with straight path emphasis. While apartment complexes with the parking lot on the ground are only 3 out of 18 cases, it with circulation path for vehicle on the ground level are over 61%. Fourthly, the design characteristic of social space of physical outdoor design appears to be 'central link facility type'. In this case, the central community facilities are more likely to be combined with various functions, such as green, water, and social connection. Fifthly, in case of natural space, most of the apartment cases are shown over 45% green area ratio with wide green and water space provision. Especially, the differentiation is to provide the space where can stimulate a resident's participation.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 동결융해, 염해 및 중성화가 복합적으로 작용하는 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성능을 평가하기 위하여 일반강도 콘크리트를 대상으로 동결수를 달리하여 동결융해 시험을 실시함으로서 염해와 동결융해 복합작용에 의한 콘크리트의 열화를 평가하였고, 염해, 동결융해 및 중성화의 세가지 열화가 복합적으로 발생되는 복합열화에 대해서는 적절한 평가방법이 부재하여 동결수에 따른 동결융해 시험 후의 시험체에 대하여 중성화 촉진시험을 실시함으로서 복합열화에 의한 콘크리트 내구성능 저하 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 동결수의 종류나 물-결합재비 수준과 무관하게 고로슬래그미분말을 사용한 배합의 경우 염해와 동결융해가 동시에 복합적으로 발생되는 환경에서도 우수한 저항성능을 보이는 결과를 나타내므로 동결융해를 포함한 복합열화 환경에서 충분한 내구성 확보를 위해서는 최소한의 설계기준강도의 확보와 고로슬래그미분말 등 적절한 시멘트 결합재의 선정이 무엇보다 중요하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 1999

The survey site, the Hyundai Apartment Complex in the Bundang Model Complex, includes three housing layout types; super high-rise, high-rise and low-rise apartment buildings. The site includes artificial ground over underground parking lots. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate social and physical factors of housing environments in each types of layout. The data has been complied from residents of apartment through questionnaire. The questionnaire include elements of neighborhood, outdoor space, parking zones, and the overall complex design in each layout types. The predictors of outdoor space satisfaction in apartment housing complex are found as follows: "abundance of trees in quantity", "the role as front yards", "harmony of buildings with landscape", "the more distance between buildings" and "maintenance quality of site". Layout of super high-rise apartment site is most satisfied. Introduction of car-free deck space is favored by resident because of safty and quiet resting area. However the low quality of green and lack of shades on the artificial land are identified as problems.on the artificial land are identified as problems.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze about perception and preference degree of resident's for environmental moulding. We will find factors effected to utilization of residents. So we should extract characteristics in the way of an association factors. The analysis result of this study is as follows: First, We could know that they consider form and establishment position to be the most important factors a using environment moulding in a housing complex. Second, it is high that preference degree at environmental moulding of figurative shape located in front of main entrance harmonized with gardening. Third, it is high that preference degree at environmental moulding of abstract shape located in front of a pray ground. Finally, environment moulding of mixing form appeared highest preference degree at parking lot entrance location. As valued result of this thesis, the result of environment moulding and surrounding as harmony form is going to utilize to basic to establish in a housing complex. furthermore, This research increase dwelling peoples' satisfaction as well as arrangement of environmental moulding and is expected that is going to give affirmative effect that can enhance quality of a housing complex.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.130-140
• /
• 2018

연구목적: 본 논문에서는 우리사회의 대체 전력 에너지원으로 적합하고 유용하게 활용 할 수 있는 태양광 발전 단지 건설 시 안전 특성화 접지에 관한 설계 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 즉, 태양광 발전 단지 내의 셀 모듈부터 전기실까지 내부 그리드의 신뢰성을 향상하고 최적화 할 수 있는 용도별 안전 접지를 적용한 사례들을 소개하고자 한다. 연구방법: 태양광 발전 단지 내 토양의 대지 고유저항을 분석하고 컴퓨터 프로그램(CDEGS)을 활용해 전격을 일으키는 접촉전압과 보폭전압을 해석하여 안전접지에 관한 계산과 산출방법에 대해 제안한다. 또한, 토양 환경을 고려한 반영구적인 접지전극의 재료 선정에 관한 연구에 중요성을 논하고자 한다. 연구결과: Wenner 4 전극법으로 측정한 데이터 중 3개 지역의 CASE별 대지 고유저항 최대값과 최소값을 얻을 수 있었고 이 두 값으로 토양의 두께를 알 수 있다. 측정된 데이터를 기본수식 ${\rho}=6.28aR$에 대입하여 MATLAB 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 계산하였다. 즉, 최소 저항값의 두께는 접지전극을 설치하기에 가장 유리한 토양 환경임을 판단 할 수 있다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 지역의 CASE별 태양광 발전소 내부 그리드에 대지 표면에 전위상승을 억제 할 수 있는 접지시스템 설계기법을 제안하였다. 하지만 대지의 고유저항과 접지시스템에 경련변화를 실시간으로 확인 할 수 있는 모니터링 시스템과 빅 데이터를 축적 할 수 있는 스마트 디바이스의 개발이 추가적으로 연구되어야 할 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2007

An unmanned ground vehicle can perform its mission automatically without human control in unknown environment. To move up to a destination in various surrounding situation, navigational information is indispensible. In order to be adopted for an unmanned vehicle, the navigation box is small, light weight and low power consumption. This paper suggests navigation system using a low grade MEMS IMU for supplying position, velocity, and attitude of an unmanned ground vehicle. This system consists of low cost and light weight MEMS sensors and a GPS receiver to meet unmanned vehicle requirements. The sensors are basically integrated by loosely coupled method using Kalman filter and internal algorithms are divided into initial alignment, sensor error compensation, and complex navigation algorithm. The performance of the designed navigation system has been analyzed by real time field test and compared to commercial tactical grade GPS/INS system.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 1998

The EPS construction method-one kind of the load reducing methods-utilizes the EPS blocks, ultra-light materials whose unit weight is about 1/100 of soils and has been applied to many soft ground sites. It needed 3,000 days to get the 90% degree of the consolidation for the case of 12m high soil embankments on the 30m thick soft clayey foundations. The N value of SPT at this deposit was less than 5. The pack drain was installed to promote the radial consolidations. Although staged embankments were planned, designers failed to get a sufficient stability of the foundation ground. Therefore, the EPS fill method was selected to reduce the load and the construction period. EPS blocks(D-20 model) replaced the upper part of the soil embankments. These complex embankments reduced the ground settlement and the construction period. The possibility of lateral movements of the bridge abutments was checked and the design scheme was reviewed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.5497-5512
• /
• 2016

An improved optimal weights based on parallel interference cancellation algorithm has been proposed to cancel for interference induced by multi-user access satellite to ground uplink system. Due to differences in elevation relative motion between the user and the satellite, as well as access between users, resulting in multi-user access interference (Multi-user Access Interference, MUI), which significantly degrade system performance when multi-user access. By steepest gradient method, it obtained based on the MMSE criterion, parallel interference cancellation adjust optimal weights to obtain the maximum SINR. Compared to traditional parallel interference cancellation (Parallel Interference Cancellation, PIC) algorithm or serial interference cancellation ( Successive interference Cancellation, SIC), the accuracy of which is not high and too many complex iterations, we establish the multi-user access to the satellite to ground up link system to demonstrate that the improved WPIC algorithm could be provided with high accuracy and relatively low number of iterations.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2023

This study is for manned-unmanned teaming battles for future ground combat victories. The composition of the study is as follows. The introduction to Chapter 1 presents the necessity of this study from a macro perspective, Chapter 2, the review of the complex combat system for both manned and unmanned introduced the paradigm shift of the future battlefield and the cyber area that is superconnected to the network in future wars. Chapter 3 analyzed the combined combat system of manned-unmanned teaming in advanced military countries through the cases of the United States and Israel. In Chapter 4, after discussing the direction of the development of combat performance of the Korean Army, was concluded in Chapter 5. In other words, the purpose of this study is that as the concept of fighting artificial intelligence robots and military innovation changes, the method of performing battles must be changed in order for our military to win the battle.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2016

Bioactive components of ultra-fine ground Saururus, the extraction yield increases when the leaves are ultra-fine ground. Comparison of normal-ground and ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis leaves showed that the solid content and antiinflammatory activity of ultra-fine ground extracts was higher than that of normal-ground extracts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of Saururus chinensis extract and the amount of nitric oxide (NO) was determined; LPS-treated cells produced 2 times more NO than cells that were not treated with LPS. Moreover, the NO production in cells treated with Saururus chinensis extract was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Because the stimulant-induced NO production is regulated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we measured the iNOS protein level to elucidate the mechanism by which the NO production was inhibited. We found that the amount of iNOS decreased dose-dependently. It was reduced by 53% at a Saururus chinensis extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells was inhibited by 31% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract. Gel shift of the nuclear factor kappa B-DNA complex occurred in LPS-treated cells and the intensity of the band decreased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner. Ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the production of prostaglandin $E_2$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and IL-8 in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells, i.e., at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract, their levels were decreased by 53, 67, 52, 37, and 21% respectively.