• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 1990

This study investigated the muscular strength of 77 Korean young males aged 19-23 in 1989. The maesure- ment items were grip strength, back strength, push and pull strength at each of 3 elbow angles, and torque strength. The results of this study were compared with those of the past survey and the foreign surveys. Besides, sample correlation coefficients were calculated in order to analyze the relationship between muscular strengths and anthropometric dimensions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.176-184
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the change in hand grip strength (HGS) for consecutive 6 months in breast cancer survivors (BCS) undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (adjCTX) and to determine the factors relevant to HGS after chemotherapy completion Methods: This study was a retrospective observational cohort study. BCS (N=38) who underwent breast cancer surgery and subsequent adjCTX were enrolled. The HGS of both sides was measured before adjCTX and 3 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after adjCTX. And we also collected body composition, anthropometric measurements, social demographics and clinical data. Then we analyzed the changes in HGS over time, and correlation of collected data with HGS at 6 months. Results: A significant increase in HGS of the unaffected side was observed within the first 3 weeks of adjCTX and maintained up to 6 months. In correlation analysis, HGS of both sides was positively correlated with the ipsilateral HGS at 3 weeks, and contralateral HGS at 6 months. And skeletal muscle mass was also positively correlated with the HGS of the unaffected side. In addition, subjects treated with targeted therapy had lower HGS of the unaffected side. However, HGS of the affected side was significantly lower in subjects with breast reconstruction and treated without radiotherapy. Conclusions: To maintain the early recovery of HGS, active and continuous exercise intervention for strengthening might be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.28-33
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• 2019

[Purpose] Recent studies have shown that glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)-which is a glycolysis interconversion enzyme-reduces oxidative stress. However, these studies are limited to tumors such as fibrosarcoma, and there are no studies that have examined the effects of exercise on GPI expression in mice skeletal muscle. Furthermore, GPI acts in an autocrine manner thorough its receptor, autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR); therefore, we investigated expression level changes of secreted GPI from skeletal muscle in in vitro study to examine the potential role of GPI on skeletal muscle. [Methods] First, we performed an in vitro study, to identify the condition that upregulates GPI levels in skeletal muscle cells; we treated C2C12 muscle cells with an exercise-mimicking chemical, AICAR. AICAR treatment upregulated GPI expression level in C2C12 cell and its secretomes. To confirm the direct effect of GPI on skeletal muscle cells, we treated C2C12 cells with GPI recombinant protein. [Results] We found that GPI improved the viability of C2C12 cells. In the in vivo study, the exercise-treated mice group showed upregulated GPI expression in skeletal muscle. Based on the in vitro study results, we speculated that expression level of GPI in skeletal muscle might be associated with muscle function. We analyzed the association between GPI expression level and the grip strength of the all mice group. The mice group's grip strengths were upregulated after 2 weeks of treadmill exercise, and GPI expression level positively correlated with the grip strength. [Conclusion] These results suggested that the exercise-induced GPI expression in skeletal muscle might have a positive effect on skeletal muscle function.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.155-168
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• 2002

The purpose of study to know hand function in order to prevent disability or handicap. The ability to perform precise refined movements of hand is an important human function. Improvement in object manipulation is common goal of therapist. The ability to manipulate an object in the hand is need for many functional tasks, including writing, handling coins, small objects and ADL skills. Therapists have commonly used hand grip and pinch strengths as baseline measures to evaluate hand function. The patterns of grasps are precision grasp, power grasp, hook grasp, spherical grasp, sylindrical grasp, disc grasp, pinch, three point pinch and tip pinch. And the motion of in-manipulation are finger to palm translation, palm to finger, shift, simple rotation and complex rotation. The hand function are include to evaluate of ROM, sensation, muscle strength of hand. It used to evaluate of decision of effect and suppose of disability and acceptance of vocation. Good evaluation is need to pretreatment and baseline of treatment and help to evaluate of effect on treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2019

Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy with a high morbidity and healthcare-related costs. Currently there is no consensus about the best treatment option. The purpose of this prospective cohort study conducted at a single institution was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction following a mini-open carpal tunnel release for idiopathic CTS. Methods A total of 72 patients (53 female and 19 male patients; mean age, $57.8{\pm}15.3$ years; range, 24-94 years) had a mini-open carpal tunnel release performed by a single senior surgeon between June 2015 and June 2016. The patients were evaluated preoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months post-intervention. At every follow-up, the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTSQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain and satisfaction were completed. Digital sensibility (using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments) was assessed and pinch and grip strengths were measured. Results Statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement was found in terms of digital sensibility, grip and pinch strength (except for 2-point pinch), BCTSQ scores and pain scores. The complication rate was minimal, and no major complications occurred. Two patients experienced recurrence. The availability of follow-up records (including patient-reported outcomes, BCTSQ and VAS scores, and the complication rate) at 1-year post-intervention varied between 69% and 74% (50-53 patients) depending on which parameter was assessed. Patient satisfaction was high (mean, $80.9{\pm}26.0$; range, 0-100). Conclusions This study demonstrates that mini-incision carpal tunnel release is clinically effective in the short and long term.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2002

Objective. The 12 forms of Sun-style Tai Chi exercise has been developed specifically for arthritis patients in order to reduce their symptoms and to improve physical functioning. This quasi-experimental study examined the changes in pain, balance, muscle strength and physical functioning in women with osteoarthritis at the completion of the 12 week Tai Chi exercise program. Methods. The patients with osteoarthritis who signed the consent form were screened by their primary physician according to the inclusion criteria and invited to the study. Total of 66 osteoarthritis women with an average age of 63 years were participated in the Tai Chi exercise. At the completion of 12 weeks, 34 patients completed both pretest and posttest measures with 48% of overall dropout rate. Outcome measures were physical symptoms, balance, muscle strength, physical functioning, and depression. Paired t-test was utilized to examine differences between pre and post-measures. Results. After participating in the Tai Chi exercise program, the women with osteoarthritis showed significant improvements in their physical fitness measures, and consequently in their physical functioning. In physical fitness test, there were significant improvements in balance, flexibility, muscle strengths of knee, grip, and back muscles after the Tai Chi exercise. However, No significant differences were found in pain and stiffness of their knee joints and depression measure. Conclusion. The 12 forms of Tai Chi exercise has been found safely applicable to the older women with osteoarthritis for 12 weeks, and effective in improving balance, flexibility, and muscle strengths, and consequently lessening difficulties of performing their activities of daily life.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 1998

From march 1993 to march 1998, twenty consecutive transmetacarpal replantations and revascularizations were reviewed retrospectively. Nine patients sustained severe and diffuse crush injuries, four patients had local crush injuries, and seven suffered guillotine type amputation. Six replantations and fourteen revascularizations were performed. 76 of 81 replantable digits(93%) were salvaged. 15 patients required secondary surgery, 10 patients for tendon and joint scarring and 5 for nonunions or malunions. Intrinsic muscle function and pinch and grip strengths were weak or absent. According to Chen's grading system of functional return, 2(10%) were grade I, 6(30%) were grade II, 10(50%) were grade III, and 2(10%) grade IV. The follow-up period ranged from 6months to 46 months. Only 3 patients resumed his prior occupation(one as a supervisor); 2 were permanently disabled, 4 pursued new occupations as a manual worker, 1 were still in therapy. Only two of the manual laborers were able to return to their preinjury occupation. Despite these unacceptable functional results, all patients were satisfied with the surgery.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

Arthritis is one of the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in elderly. Osteoarthritis is a widespread, slowly developing disease, with a high prevalence increasing with age in women. The large joints mostly involved by the disease are the knees. But there are no treatments available that cure the underlying process of osteoarthritis diseases. Physical exercise helps in increasing cartilage nutrition and remodeling, increases the synovial blood flow, decrease swelling, and improves muscle strength. Thus, exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in osteoarthritis. Purpose: The purpose of this study were to compare muscle strength between Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic exercise for women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest measures was used. The study subjects were those who had been enrolled in a community health center, and agreed to participate in the study for eight weeks, signed the consent form, and obtained the physicians approval. The study dropout rates were 13.2% with the final study subjects of 17 on Tai-Chi exercise, 16 on aquatic exercise program. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Window (version 12.0). Independent sample t-test and paired t-test was performed to compare of muscle strength for women with osteoarthritis after 8-week Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic Exercise. Results: The homogeneity tests of demographic characteristics and study variables at the pretest data revealed no significant differences between two groups. After 8-week Tai-Chi and aquatic exercise, there was significant result in pre-post test comparison on muscle strength on Tai-Chi group, but no significant in aquatic group. There were no significant differences of knee extensor (p=.078), and hand grip(p=.118) in group comparisons on muscle strengths. But there were significant differences of knee flexor(p=.024). Conclusion: Tai-chi exercise was effective in improving knee flexor. So, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable for aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with other comparisons in physical and psycho social outcomes are necessary to confirm the more effects of exercise.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.383-399
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• 2013

High-strength strands are widely used as a key structural element in cable-stayed bridges and prestressed concrete structures. Conventional strands for stay cable and tendons in prestressed concrete structures are ${\phi}$15.7mm coated seven-wire strands and ${\phi}15.2mm$ uncoated seven-wire strands, respectively, but the ultimate strengths of both strands are 1860MPa. The objective of this paper is to investigate the tensile behavior of a newly developed ${\phi}15.7mm$ 2,200 MPa coated strand and a ${\phi}15.2mm$ 2,400 MPa uncoated strand according to various types of mono anchorages and to propose appropriate anchorages for both strands. Finite element analyses were initially performed to find how the geometry of the anchor head affects the interaction among the anchor head, the wedge and the strand and to find how it affects the stress distributions in both parts. Tensile tests for the new strands were carried out with seven different types of mono anchorages. The test results were compared to each other and to the results obtained from the tensile tests with a grip condition. From the analysis and the test results, desirable mono anchorages for the new strands are suggested.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.614-618
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• 2015

Background Hand strength deficit following digital replantation is usually attributed to the mechanical deficiency of the replanted digit. Zone 1 replantation, however, should not be associated with any mechanical deficit, as the joint and tendon are intact. We evaluate shortterm motor functions in patients who have undergone single-digit zone 1 replantation. Methods A single-institution retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent zone 1 replantation. Hand and pinch strengths were evaluated using standard dynamometers. Each set of measurements was pooled according to follow-up periods (within 1 month, 1 to 2 months, 2 to 3 months, and after 3 months). The uninjured hand was used as reference for measurements. Results The review identified 53 patients who had undergone zone 1 replantation and presented for follow-up visits. Compared to the uninjured hand, dynamometer measurements revealed significantly less strength for the hand with replanted digit at one month. The relative mean grip, pulp, and key pinch strength were 31%, 46%, and 48% of the uninjured hand. These three strength measurements gradually increased, with relative strength measurements of 59%, 70%, and 78% for 4-month follow up. Conclusions Despite the lack of joint or tendon injury, strength of the injured hand was significantly lower than that of the uninjured hand during the 4 months following replantation. Improved rehabilitation strategies are needed to diminish the short-term negative impact that an isolated zone 1 replantation has on the overall hand strength.