• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2000

This paper describes an adaptive quadtree-based 2DH wave-current interaction model which is able to predict wave breaking, shoaling, refraction, diffraction, wave-current interaction, set-up and set-down, mixing processes (turbulent diffusion), bottom frictional effects, and movement of the land-water interface at the shoreline. The wave period-and depth-averaged governing equations are discretised explictly by means of an Adams-Bashforth second-order finite difference technaique on adaptive hierarchical staggered quadtree grids. Grid adaptation is achieved through seeding points distributed according to flow criteria(e.g. local current gradients). Results are presented for nearshore circulation at a sinusoidal beach. Enrichment permits refined modelling of important localised flow features.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.559-565
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• 2019

In order to alleviate the environmental pressure caused by production process of thermal power plants, the application of cleaner production is imperative. To estimate the implementation effects of cleaner production in thermal plants and optimize the strategy duly, it is of great significance to take a comprehensive evaluation for sustainable development. In this paper, a hybrid model that integrated the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm optimized by grid search (GS) algorithm is proposed. Based on the establishment of the evaluation index system, AHP is employed to pre-process the data and GS is introduced to optimize the parameters in LSSVM, which can avoid the randomness and inaccuracy of parameters' setting. The results demonstrate that the combined model is able to be employed in the comprehensive evaluation of the cleaner production in the thermal power plants.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2017년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.268-269
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• 2017

This paper presents an improved current control strategy for a three-phase grid-connected inverter under distorted grid conditions. Distorted grid condition is undesirable due to negative effects such as power losses and heating problem in electrical equipments. To enhance the power quality of distributed generation systems under such a condition, a modulated finite control set - model predictive control (MFCS-MPC) scheme will be proposed, in which the optimal switching signals of inverter are chosen by online basis using the principle of current error minimization. In addition, the moving average filter (MAF) is used to improve the phase-lock loop in order to obtain the harmonic-free reference currents on the stationary frame. The usefulness of the proposed MFCS-MPC method is proved by the comparative simulation results under different operating conditions.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2014

목 적 : Lung SABR plan 에서 AAA의 calculation grid를 변화시켜 선량변화를 분석하고 그에 따른 영향을 연구하여 적절한 적용 방안에 대해 고찰한다. 대상 및 방법 : 모든 plan에 이용된 4D CT image는 Brilliance Big Bore CT(Philips, Netherlands)에서 촬영되었으며 10 건의 Lung SABR plan($Eclipse^{TM}$ ver 10.0.42, Varian, the USA)에서 anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA, ver. 10, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA)을 이용하여 각각 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mm의 calculation grid로 계산하였다. 결 과 : 10 건의 Lung SABR plan에서 1.0 mm calculation grid를 사용한 경우 $V_{98}$이 각각 처방선량의 약 $99.5{\pm}1.5%$ 였으며 Dmin이 각각 처방선량의 약 $92.5{\pm}1.5%$ 였고 Homogeneity Index(HI)는 약 $1.0489{\pm}0.0025$로 나타났다. 3.0 mm calculation grid를 사용한 경우 $V_{98}$이 각각 처방선량의 약 $90{\pm}4.5%$였으며, Dmin이 각각 처방선량의 약 $87.5{\pm}3%$ 였고 HI가 약 $1.07{\pm}1$로 나타났다. 5.0 mm calculation grid를 사용한 경우 $V_{98}$이 각각 처방선량의 약 $63{\pm}15%$ 였으며, Dmin이 각각 처방선량의 약 $83{\pm}4%$ 였고 HI가 약 $1.13{\pm}0.2$로 나타났다. 결 론 : 1.0 mm calculation grid의 계산 시간이 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm 보다 오래 걸렸지만 grid의 간격이 좁을수록 상대적으로 작은 PTV를 갖는 plan의 정확성을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Lung과 같이 비교적 넓게 퍼져 있으며 밀도가 낮은 장기의 작은 PTV를 치료해야 하는 경우에는 1.0 mm의 calculation grid를 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2016

Background: In the present study, various freezing containers were tested for mouse embryos of respective developmental stages; embryos were vitrified and then their survival rate and developmental rate were monitored. Mouse two cell, 8 cell, and blastula stage embryos underwent vitrification freezing-thawing and then their recovery rate, survival rate, development rate, and hatching rate were investigated. Methods: EM-grid, OPS, and cryo-loop were utilized for vitrification freezing-thawing of mouse embryos. Results: It was found that recovery rate and survival rate were higher in the group of cryo-loop compared to those of EM-grid (p < 0.05). Embryonic development rate, two cell embryos to blastocyst, as well as hatching rate were higher in the control group compared to the EM-grid group and OPS group (p < 0.05), yet no difference was noted between the control group and cryo-loop group. Development rate and hatching rate of eight cell morulae and blastocysts were all lower in the treatment groups than the control group whilst hatching rate of blastocysts was higher in the control group compared to the groups of EM-grid and OPS (p < 0.05); although the cryo-loop group was shown to be slightly higher than other groups, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: In the study, we investigate effects of freezing containers on vitrified embryos of respective developmental stages; it was demonstrated that higher developmental rate was shown in more progressed (or developed) embryos with more blastomeres. There was however, no difference in embryonic development rate was shown amongst containers. Taken together, further additional studies are warranted with regards to 1) manipulation techniques of embryos for various vitrification freezing containers and 2) preventive measures against contamination via liquid nitrogen.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

To analysis of the embanked slope stability using a jointed reinforcement, the internal stability and the external stability have to be satisfied, respectively. But, because the lengths of ready-made steel-grid were limited, the reinforcements must be connecting themselves to the reinforcing. In this study, the mechanical test was carried out to investigate the tensile failure and the pullout failure at the joint parts of them, which was based on the analysis of reinforced slope in field. Through the tensile tests in mid-air for the jointed steel-grid, the deformation behavior was seriously observed as follows : deformation of longitudinal member, plastic deformation of longitudinal member and of crank part. Those effects were due to the confining pressure and overburden pressure of the surrounding ground. The bearing resistance at jointed part of jointed steel-grid was due to the latter only. The maximum tensile forces were higher about 20kN~27kN than ultimate pullout resistance, but, the results of those was almost the same in mid-soil. The failures of steel-grid occurred at welded point both of longitudinal members and transverse members and of jointed parts. The strength of jointed parts itself got pullout force about 20kN, which was about 65% for ultimate pullout force of the longitudinal members N=2. To the stability analysis of reinforced structure including the reinforced slope, the studying of connection effects at jointed part of reinforcement members must be considered. Through the results of them, the stability of reinforced structures should be satisfied.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2006

초음속 주 유동으로의 수직분사에 의해 생성되는 2차원 정상상태 유동장에 대한 수치모사를 수행하였다. 난류효과를 위해서 무차원 벽면거리($y^+$)를 고려한 2방정식 k-${\omega}$ SST 모델을 사용하였다. 또한 격자계에 따른 오차범위를 나타내는 방법으로 GCI(Gird Convergence Index)를 사용하여 해의 수렴성을 측정하였다. 표면 압력분포, 박리거리, 침투높이 등에 대해 실험결과 및 다른 난류모델을 이용한 결과들과 비교하였다. k-${\omega}$ SST 난류모델은 낮은 압력비에 대해서 표면 압력분포 및 박리거리 등을 정확하게 예측하였다. 그러나 압력비가 증가함에 따라 수치적 예측이 실험결과와 차이를 보이고 있다. 상기한 모든 결과는 격자계에 따른 해의 수렴성의 오차범위 1% 이내에서 측정되었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2020

The external corrosion of buried piping can be controlled using both coating and cathodic protection. Several factors are involved in the damage and deterioration of the coating on pipes. There are many detection methods for coating defects on pipes and the direct current voltage gradient (DCVG) method is one of the most powerful methods. However, the detection reliability of DCVG can be affected by interferences such as stray current, metal objects connected to rectifiers, and copper grids. Therefore, this study focused on the interference effects of rectifiers and a copper grid on the reliability of coating flaw detection. As the length of the interference pipe connected to the rectifier increased, the reliability decreased. In contrast, as the distance between the pipe and the copper grid increased, the reliability of the coating flaw detection increased. The detection results produced by the DCVG method were discussed using current and potential simulations for a pipe with a rectifier and copper grid interference in the soil.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.683-694
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• 2016

Sensitivity analysis of the WRF model according to the impact of nudging (e.g., nudging techniques and application domains) was conducted during high nocturnal ozone episode to improve the prediction of the regional ozone concentration in the southeastern coastal area of the Korean peninsula. The analysis was performed by six simulation experiments: (1) without nudging (e.g., CNTL case), (2) with observation nudging (ONE case) to all domains (domain 1~4), (3) with grid nudging (GNE case) to all domains, (4)~(6) with grid nudging to domain 1, domain 1~2 and domain 1~3, respectively (GNE-1, GNE-2, GNE-3 case). The results for nudging techniques showed that the GNE case was in very good agreement with those observed during all analysis periods (e.g., daytime, nighttime, and total), as compared to the ONE case. In particular, the large effect of grid nudging on the near-surface meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind fields) was predicted at the coastline and nearby sea during daytime. The results for application domains showed that the effects of nudging were distinguished between the meteorological factors and between the time periods. When applied grid nudging until subdomain, the improvement effects of temperature and relative humidity had differential tendencies. Temperature was increased for all time, but relative humidity was increased in daytime and was decreased in nighttime. Thus, GNE case showed better result than other cases.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.617-626
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• 2023

In this study, three-dimensional numerical parametric study was conducted to explore deformation mechanisms of grouped piled-raft-foundation due to lateral load in clays. Effects of load intensity, loading angle, soil stiffness, pile diameter, pile spacing and pile length on foundation deformations were explored. It is found that the smallest and largest movements of pile foundation are induced when the loading angles are 0° and 30°~60°, respectively. By increasing loading angle from 0° to 30°~60°, the resultant horizontal movements and settlements increase by up to 20.0% and 57.1%, respectively. Since connection beams can substantially increase integrity of four piled raft foundation, resultant horizontal movements, settlements and bending moments induced in the piled raft foundation decrease by up to 54.0%, 8.8% and 46.3%, respectively. By increasing soil stiffness five times, resultant horizontal movements and settlements of pile foundation decrease by up to 61.7% and 13.0%, respectively. It is indicated that effects of connection beam and soil stiffness on settlements of pile foundation are relatively small. When pile diameter is less than 1.4 m, deformations of piled raft foundation decrease substantially as a reduction in the pile diameter. Two dimensional groups are proposed to develop calculation charts of horizontal movements and settlements of pile foundation. The proposed calculation charts can directly estimate movements of piled raft foundation under arbitrary loading, ground and pile conditions.