• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.348-357
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to understand the potential geographic distribution of P. koraiensis, which is known to be one of major economic tree species, based on the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenarios and current geographic distribution from National Forest Inventory(NFI) data using ecological niche modeling. P. koraiensis abundance data extracted from NFI were utilized to estimate current geographic distribution. Also, GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production) model, one of the ecological niche models, was applied to estimate potential geographic distribution and to project future changes. Environmental explanatory variables showing Area Under Curve (AUC) value bigger than 0.6 were selected and constructed into the final model by running the model for each of the 27 variables. The results of the model validation which was performed based on confusion matrix statistics, showed quite high suitability. Currently P. koraiensis is distributed widely from 300m to 1,200m in altitude and from south to north as a result of national greening project in 1970s although major populations are found in elevated and northern area. The results of this study were successful in showing the current distribution of P. koraiensis and projecting their future changes. Future model for P. koraiensis suggest large areas predicted under current climate conditions may be contracted by 2090s showing dramatic habitat loss. Considering the increasing status of atmospheric $CO_2$ and air temperature in Korea, P. koraiensis seems to experience the significant decrease of potential distribution range in the future. The final model in this study may be used to identify climate change impacts on distribution of P. koraiensis in Korea, and a deeper understanding of its correlation may be helpful when planning afforestation strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.511-520
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• 2020

Owing to global warming, heat waves have become stronger in the summer, and research on improving the thermal environment of green spaces, such as urban parks, is being conducted. On the other hand, studies on improving the urban thermal environment, which is changing due to the greening pattern and the intensity of the wind, are still insufficient. This study analyzed the temperature of the green spaces on campus to understand the factors affecting the temperature changes. After investigating the covering condition and planting form of the site, factors, such as temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and illuminance, were measured. The most influential factors on the temperature distribution are evapotranspiration and wind - induced heat transfer. The other major factors affecting the temperature change were the type of cover, wind velocity/wind direction, type of planting, shade / solar irradiance. In the type of cover, the plant was classified as low temperature, and the asphalt pavement was classified as high temperature. In wind speed, instantaneous temperature was reduced by 1.2 ℃ in southern wind, 0.7 ℃ in the westerly wind, 0.4 ℃ in the north wind and 0.5 ℃ in the east wind when a wind of 3.5m/s or more was blown.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.301-323
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• 2013

The government of the UK since the 1990, especially under the new Labour Party, has pursued sustainable development or carbon control as a core strategy for its national development. The seemingly prominent environmental policy for 'greening the government' of the UK as well as considerable achievements in energy and environment indices have attracted much attentions of policy makers and researchers for the 'low carbon green growth' in Korea. This paper tries to see the character of carbon control and environmental policy in the UK not merely as the integrating or mainstreaming policy but a new strategy for national development, that is, for the 'ecologically modernized' state, eco-state, or green state. It defines the environmental policy for carbon control in the UK as the strategy for the green state which has provided it as a principal guide for integrating national policies as a whole, and which has pursued it through market-dependent neoliberal measures. From this point of view, this paper introduces the development process of carbon control and environmental policy mainly under the new Labour Party government in the UK, and gives a reappraisal of both its policy and of energy-environment indices.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 1981

Discoloration of canned boiled oysters during storage is one of the serious problems which affect the quality of the products as well as the nutritive value. Usually the factors influencing the quality of canned boiled oysters are the process of pretreatments and the storage temperature of the products. In the present work, the changes of the total chlorophylls and carotenoids in the meat and the viscera of oysters were determined in order to make certain the procedure of the discoloration. In addition, the amino-N and the available lysine as factors of the nutritive value were also checked. In case of treatment with additives, direct addition of syrups containing additives just before seaming or soaking boiled oysters into the solution of additives seemed to have mild effects on retardation of discoloration. The migration of carotenoids from the viscera into the meat was faster than that of chlorophyll resulting in yellowing of the Products preceded greening caused by the chlorophylls. Treatment with $0.5\%\; Na_{2}EDTA\;of\;2.5\%$ brine retarded discoloration and available lysine loss of the Products while sodium-polyphosphate accelerated them. It was probably due to that sodium-polyphosphate could affect the softening or breakdown of the muscle of oysters. But most of all, storage temperature of canned boiled oysters seemed to be the major factor influencing the discoloration and nutritive loss of the products.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2007

This study analyzed on the developmental process of forest policy direction in Korea and present status of forest desolation in North Korea of the pre and post division of the Korean peninsular with historical point of view and indicates future tasks to take. Forests in Korea were destroyed in the early of 1900s while Korean peninsular was under Japanese colonial rule. In 1945, Korea was divided into two parts, which developed its own forest policy under the different political system. South Korea was at Korean war in 1950 and accomplished the greening movement from 1970s to 1980s. After 1990s, the country has aimed to sustainable forest management. North Korea has focused on forestation until 1960. However, the result has been doubtful with North Korean economic depression, and these days North Korea faces forest desolation due to failures of forest management. Therefore, necessary is that recovery measures for forest desolation in North Korea, cooperation and interchange between North and South Korea and plans of forest management in case of unification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2008

As cities become more industrial and modern, they become overcrowded and the construction zones increase accordingly. In particular, the demand for panel-type planting methods has gradually increased due to early planting and easy installation. However, studies on panel-type planting have strictly concentrated on the vegetation sub system or irrigation system without any interest in landscape-centered system. Factors of preference will be made through landscape evaluation on the panel-type facade planting. A questionnaire survey was conducted in a location where panel-type facade planting was available. In terms of responses to the facade planting, 'natural (3.80)' was the highest, followed by 'friendly (3.70),' 'comfortable (3.65),' 'beautiful (3.65),' and 'peaceful (3.50).' On the contrary, negative responses such as 'too quiet,' 'simple,' 'heavy,' 'gloomy,' 'dark,' and 'dirty' were also received. It is thought that these responses refer to the poor management of the area. The results of this study will be useful as basic data for the development and distribution of panel-type facade planting.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2020

Seasonal changes in the CO₂ fixation rate and water-use efficiency in the leaves of six evergreen and two deciduous broad-leaved tree species on Jeju Island, Korea, were measured using a portable photosynthesis analyzer, to identify which species are most efficient in taking up CO₂ from the air. The CO₂ fixation rate was high in the deciduous species in spring and summer and decreased in fall, whereas it was high in the evergreen species in summer and fall and decreased in winter. The rate remained high in the deciduous tree Prunus yedoensis from spring to fall (> 7.1 μmol CO₂/m₂/s) and in two evergreen trees, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Cinnamomum camphora, in summer and fall (7.0 9.9 μmol CO₂/㎡/s). Therefore, these tree species fix atmospheric CO₂ effectively. The water-use efficiency was higher in evergreen species than in deciduous species regardless of the season. Exceptionally, it was high in the deciduous species Zelkova serrata in spring and summer (> 100 μmol CO₂/mol H₂O), suggesting that Z. serrata is a useful tree for dry conditions due to its tolerance of water stress. The regressions of the CO₂ fixation rate versus the evaporation rate and stomatal conductance were linear and non-linear, respectively. This suggests that the stomatal activity of leaves plays an important part in CO₂ fixation of plants. In conclusion, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, C. camphora, and P. yedoensis should be planted along roads or in urban spaces for the greening of cities and mitigation of CO₂ concentrations in the air.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the quarrying and restoration characteristics on quarry in Korea. We researched quarrying and restoration status, analyzed the relationship between restoration area and permitted period, permitted area, quarrying volume, pit slope width, height, and berm width from 55 quarry sites. Most of the quarries were located in the following conditions : mixed forest, average altitude of less than 300 m, average mountain slope of $61^{\circ}$<, hillside, granite and landslide hazard class. Major quarrying characteristics were permitted period of 6~10 years, permitted area of less than 10 ha, quarrying volume of less than $1,000,000m^3$, a stone type of aggregate, a quarrying type of terrace, pit slope of $61^{\circ}$< Most quarries were restored by themselves, and the main restoration type was slope greening. Also, area ratio of flatland, pit slope, and berm was 54.9:39.6:5.5. Ccorrelation analysis showed that quarrying area was positively correlate with quarrying volume (${\alpha}=0.01$), permitted area, pit width, and pit height (a=0.05).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1998

It is common in foreign countries to make a compensative plan for environmental destruction which is caused by development action even in where development is permitted. But, in Korea, environmental plan was regarded as just meeting the legal standard of green area in site development. This study focused on the case of university project, LG village plan, is to evaluate the environment of the site using Hemeroby and suggested restoration plan in compensation for the destructive. The site was a huge development area of apartment located in Suwon. First of all, we evaluated the site using Hemeroby and compared this with LG village plan. Then, we made a compensative plan for the environmental destruction which was not compensated in LG village plan. The results were as follows; $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby of the Site was 80.1% before the development and, after the development, $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby of the site dropped to 43.7％ and meta-hemeroby increased from 56.3% to 17％. Therefore, we could accept the buildings of LG village development plan and suggested a compensative plan with which we could raise $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby like restoring the river, greening parking-lots and rooftops, revegetating cut slope.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.325-337
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• 2007

Illegal slash-and-bum fields and slash-and-bum farmers in Korea had increased in spite of Japanese Joseon Government's strong regulations and clearance measures, and land reform after the 1945 Liberation of Korea until 1970s. This study is to inquire into the necessary and sufficient conditions to disappear entirely the matters from 1974 to 1979 that illegal slash-and-bum fields and slash-and-burn farmers continued long in existence until the early 1970s. The findings are as follows; Firstly, the population pressure to agricultural lands that main factor of generation of illegal slash-and-bum fields had decreased rapidly because the rural populations and less income farmers have decreased after 1967. Especially, the decrease of the rural populations had never seen to the 1970s. It is recognised that the social condition for the success in 1970s. Secondly, the continuous economic growth from the early 1960s enabled the Korean government to solve the matter through the sufficient financial investment from the Government. For example, the gross national product (GNP) and the government budget in 1974 increased around 25 times after 1960. It is recognised that the economic condition for the success in 1970s. Finally, it was enabled to remove the concealment from the slash-and-bum farmers and to monitor illegal re-cultivation thoroughly because the development of forest inventory technique using an aerial photograph and the expansion of road facilities. It is recognised that the technical condition for the success in the 1970s.