• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2012

The international community is paying close attention to the climatic changes caused by the meteorological anomalies. In response to such phenomena, after the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, efforts to actively respond to the meteorological changes are proliferating all over the world; even in the Republic of Korea, the issue to tackle the meteorological changes has emerged as a top-priority national agenda. In the year of 2008, after the declaration of the low-carbon, green-growth paradigm by the government, the UNFCCC COP15 has announced a 30% reduction target of the emission of the greenhouse gases by 2020 as compared to the "Business As Usual, BAU" and has also confirmed, as a commitment plan to achieve reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases, the reduction target of greenhouse gases for all sectors, industries and years. (26.9% for buildings) Since the construction of the new apartment houses in the year of 2001, the "Building Energy Efficiency Rating", has been applied to newly constructed building complexes, built in 2010; the accumulated emission reduction has been evaluated at around 450,000toe and the accumulated carbon dioxide emission reduction is at $826,000tCO_2$ And through the prediction of these values under various scenarios (New construction, new construction / expansion of existing uses, when transferred to 1stgrade), the effects on the degree of reduction of greenhouse gases by the increased certification of the Building Energy Efficiency Rating are an alyzed and it is our aim to express the importance of the certification system capable of carrying out a quantitative evaluation of the building energy in order to establish the strategy to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.73-86
• /
• 1995

The automatic control system in the greenhouse have to be developed to the direction of considering various factors the variables such as condition of the cultivation and greenhouse, the properties and types of products. Therefore, it is more important to set up variables appropriately than the problems of automatic control system itself, and the automatic control system which satisfy these problems should be simplified in the aspect of operation. In addition, even the individual automations are not perfect yet, so more studies are required for the development of comprehensive automatic system in korea. This study was carried out to automatize environment control systems for greenhouse, especially from most intensive labor requiring parts such as watering, irrigating liquefied fertilizer, spraying chemicals, mixing and ventilation system, etc. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Control type tensiometer was expected to be desirable in the automation of watering system, therefore, a new tensiometer was designed and developed through this study. 2. The chemical spraying system developed through this study was found to be excellent in the aspect of operation. 3. When pulse type water discharge meter was used in the mixing of liquefied fertilizer and chemical solution, the error of mixing were range $\pm$0.1~0.15%. 4. The water level switch of electrod type used for controlling water level was found to be affective in both control performance and operation cost. 5. The water and level control system can be omitted if each tank size are standardized in accordance with greenhouse size, therefore, the installation cost might be significantly reduced. 6. The developed general controller was excellent in hardware parts, but still remained to be improved in software parts.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.209-223
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Korea agricultural productions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilized time series data of economic growth, greenhouse gas, agricultural productions, trade dependency, and energy usages. In order to econometric procedure of EKC hypothesis, this study utilized unit root test and cointegration test to check staionarity of each variable and also adopted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to analyze the short and long run relationships. Findings - In the short run, greenhouse gas emissions resulting from economic growth show an inverse U-shape relationship, and an increase in agricultural production and energy consumption led to increase in greenhouse gas emission. In the long run, total GHG emissions and CO2 emissions show an N-shaped relationship with economic growth, and an increase in agricultural production has resulted in a decrease in total GHG and CO2 emissions. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship with economic growth, which indicated the environment and production process of agricultural production. Research implications or Originality - Korea agricultural production has different effects on the GHG emission sources, and in particular, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions show to increase as the agricultural production expansions, so policy or technological development in related sector is required. Especially, in the context of the 2030 GHG reduction road-map, if GHG-related reduction technologies or policies are spread, national GHG emission reduction targets can be achieved and this is possible to predict the decline in production in the sector and damage to the related industries.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.201-211
• /
• 2008

According to IPCC fourth assessment report in 2007, global mean temperatures have risen by 0.74 degrees Celsius over the past 100 years. Moreover, in the recent 25 years, global mean temperatures have risen by 0.45 degrees Celsius, which is 2.4-times larger than those in the past 100 years. The evidences for climate change, such as sea level rise, arctic glacier melt, and desertification in Asia, have occurred and increased over the globe. In Korea, because regional climate has been changed, types of agriculture and fishery should be replaced. And as precipitation pattern behave differently from the past decades, water management would be more difficult, furthermore, atmospheric environment, related to concentrations for ozone, sulfate, etc., could be worse. Nevertheless, we have only focused on greenhouse gas reduction duty for the Convention of Climate Change. Fortunately, in the fourth plan on climate change, we have planned to manage climate change more actively since 2007. In Korea, the emission of carbon dioxide has increased about 1.9-times more, from 311million ton in 1990 to 591million ton in 2004. And also about 2 ppm rise every year for concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As a result, ecosystem, quality of water and atmosphere would be affected. Here, the emission of greenhouse gases over the globe is examined, and the effect of greenhouse gases for climate change is reviewed from the results of previous studies. In addition, the countermeasures of mitigation and adaptation on climate change were discussed for the understanding.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.551-558
• /
• 2010

It is a normal circumstance to have high temperature and high humidity in Greenhouses even though these climates are changed by the area, season, climates, the size of the greenhouse, and the crops being raised. Workers in the greenhouses have complained about their uncomfortable work environment and discomfort from the hot conditions, including sunburn. The farmers' ailments are not significantly different between those working in the in greenhouses and those working in the fields. The Farmers' syndrome was almost two times higher for women than those of men for greenhouse workers. This study was developed for functional fatigue clothes for plastic greenhouses which are known for high temperatures and humidity. The ergonomic function and thermal comforts of fatigue clothes were evaluated in the climatic chamber($30.0^{\circ}C$, 70.0%R.H.). The current fatigue clothes which are made of cotton or nylon were purchased at the market. The developed clothes are made of highly absorbent and high speed drying polyester. And these fabrics have excellent elasticity. In this study, the functional fatigue clothes were designed with longsleeved sport shirts and Full length pants. Tre, Tsk, Hcl, HR and the personal subjective sensations such as heat, humidity, and comfortableness were significantly lower when subjects wore the developed clothes made with polyester than the previous attire.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the replacement investment of the diesel fuel system with the pallet fuel system in the Korean farming sector. Equivalent annual annuity approach was used to resolve a discrepancy of useful life in capital goods and to facilitate investment analyses in an independent perspective. Data was obtained from previous studies on economic analysis of greenhouse tomato, paprika and cucumber. Results showed that the replacement with the pallet fuel system was acceptable irrespective of the remaining period of useful life for the diesel fuel system. In addition, sensitivity analysis with government support level, repair cost, and light and heat energy cost show ed robustness in the possibility of replacement with the pallet fuel system while the speed of replacement was accelerated with an increase in the amount of diesel fuel used and price of diesel fuel, and a decrease in price of the pallet fuel. The result implied that the replacement investment rather than a new investment was appropriate for existing greenhouse farmers and the pallet fuel system was acceptable to replace existing diesel fuel system in producing greenhouse tomato, paprika and cucumber.

• Advances in Energy Research
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 2017

Energy consumption in agriculture is responsible for greenhouse gas emission but it can be reduced after efficient utilization of energy inputs. Therefore, the present study aims for the estimation of energy efficiency and extent of greenhouse gas reduction after benchmarking of inefficient farms in off-season tomato in Punjab province of Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 70 farmers with simple random sampling. By using data envelopment analysis, the average value of technical, pure technical and scale efficiency was 0.80, 0.92 and 0.87, respectively while increasing, constant and decreasing return to scale was observed in 33, 26 and 11 farmers, respectively. Total input energy was reduced by $12,688.91MJ\;ha^{-1}$ (13.89%) if inefficient farms used the energy inputs according to recommendations or benchmarking. A major portion of energy saving comes from fertilizers (68.79%) followed by diesel (15.70%), chemicals (5.91%), machinery (4.37%) and water (4.00%). Total greenhouse gases reduction was $499.17kg\;CO_2\;eq.ha^{-1}$ (14.57%) as a result of improvement in energy efficiency or benchmarking of inefficient farms. Agricultural extension staff should visit the vegetable farms on regular basis and give necessary information about efficient utilization of energy inputs. The government should create awareness about the optimum use of input through seminars and pamphlets.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.313-321
• /
• 2014

Agriculture is a vulnerable sector to climate change because it is a primary industry directly exposed to climate. At the same time, it is a sector emitting greenhouse gases during agricultural activities, thereby affecting climate change. However, agriculture is a nascent subject under the UNFCCC. The agriculture sector needs both adaptation and mitigation. Currently, co-benefit of adaptation and mitigation is emphasized during climate change negotiation. Developing country parties are in a position to focus on adaptation rather than mitigation. As a result, mitigation is not being addressed enough during climate negotiation. Agriculture has been addressed through Nairobi Work Programme and NAPA. Since current efforts for greenhouse gas reduction are not sufficient for stabilizing the atmospheric system of the Earth to prevent climate change, the agriculture sector should also be considered for greenhouse gas reduction. For this, MRV for small farmers in developing countries and incentives for their mitigation efforts should be developed in agriculture sector. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation for developing capacities for vulnerable countries and people to climate change.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.246-254
• /
• 2022

Domestic facility agriculture grows rapidly, such as modernization and large-scale. And the production scale increases significantly compared to the area, accounting for about 60% of the total agricultural production. Greenhouses require energy input to create an appropriate environment for stable mass production throughout the year, but the energy load per unit area is large because of low insulation properties. Through the rooftop greenhouse, one of the types of urban agriculture, energy that is not discarded or utilized in the building can be used in the rooftop greenhouse. And the cooling and heating load of the building can be reduced through optimal greenhouse operation. Dynamic energy analysis for various environmental conditions should be preceded for efficient operation of rooftop greenhouses, and about 40% of the solar energy introduced in the greenhouse is energy exchange for crops, so it should be considered essential. A major analysis is needed for each sensible heat and latent heat load by leaf surface temperature and evapotranspiration, dominant in energy flow. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a rooftop greenhouse located at the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials to analyze the energy exchange according to the growth stage of crops. A micro-meteorological and nutrient solution environment and growth survey were conducted around the crops. Finally, a regression model of leaf temperature and evapotranspiration according to the growth stage of leafy vegetables was developed, and using this, the dynamic energy model of the rooftop greenhouse considering heat transfer between crops and the surrounding air can be analyzed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the heat transfer loss of covering materials in a single-span plastic greenhouse under the steady-state wind environment. To achieve this objective, the following were conducted: (1) design of a small-scaled wind tunnel (SCWT) to analyze heat losses of the greenhouse and its performance; (2) determination of the overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) for the covering materials using a small-scaled greenhouse model. The SCWT consists of the blowing, dispersion, steady flow, reduction and testing areas. Each part of the SCWT was customized and designed to maintain air flow at steady state and to minimize the variances in the SCWT test. In this study, the OHTCs of the covering materials were calculated by separating each with the roof, side wall, front and back of the small-scaled greenhouse model. The results of this study show that the OHTC of the roof increases as wind speed increases but the zones in which the increase rate of the OHTC decreased, were distinguished by wind tunnel wing speed of 2 ms^-1. For the side wall, the increase rate of the OHTC was particularly higher in the 0-1 ms^-1 zone.