• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2014

The mechanical, electrical and thermal characteristics of insulating materials may significantly affect the performance and reliability of electrical devices using superconductors. General method to provide insulating layer between coated conductors is wrapping coated conductor with Kapton tape. But uniform and compact wrapping without failure or delamination in whole coverage for long length conductor is not a simple task and need careful control. Coating of insulating layer directly on coated conductor is desirable for providing compact insulating layer rather than wrapping insulating layers around conductor. Ceramic added polymer has been widely used as an insulating material for electric machine because of its good electrical insulating properties as well as excellent heat resistance and fairy good mechanical properties. The insulating layer of coated conductor should have high breakdown voltage and possesses suitable mechanical strength and maintain adhesiveness at the cryogenic temperature where it is used and withstand stress from thermal cycling. The insulating and mechanical properties of polymer can be improved by adding functional filler. In this study, insulating layer has been made by adding ceramic particles such as $SiO_2$ to a polymer resin. The size, amount and morphology of added ceramic powder was controlled and their effect on dielectric property of the final composite was measured and discussed for optimum composite fabrication.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2018

본 연구는 창덕궁의 전각권역을 대상으로 건축과 조경에 대한 해설 프로그램의 개선 방안을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구 과정에서 해설 현장에 연구자가 참여하여 2회의 녹취를 시행하였다. 녹취자료를 통해 해설 시간과 내용을 분석하고 사실성과 현장과의 연계성 등의 적합성을 평가하였다. 또한 도면과 현장조사를 통해서 해설 및 관람 동선을 파악하고, 주요 시설물의 위치와 현황을 분석하였다. 현장조사와 분석을 통해서 건물과 이와 관련된 인물, 역사에 관한 사실과 일화가 해설에 담겨 있음을 확인하였다. 해설은 1시간 내에서 이루어지고 있었다. 그러나 해설 동선에 따라 배치된 건물과 외부공간 특히 전통조경시설에 관한 해설이 매우 부족함을 발견하였다. 또한 해설과 관람 개방이 필요한 구역도 있음을 확인하였다. 분석을 기반으로 해설 프로그램의 개선안을 작성하였다. 해설지점을 신규로 추가하고 기존 해설을 수정해서 건축물, 외부공간, 전통조경시설의 해설을 강화할 수 있도록 했다. 개선안에 대해 기존 해설의 속도로 낭독을 실시하여 소요시간을 검토하였다. 이를 통해서 개선안이 현행 해설 프로그램과 동일하게 운영될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 연구결과로 관람객들에게 양질의 해설 정보와 보다 더 흥미로운 경험을 제공할 수 있는 실질적인 개선방안을 제시한 것에 의의가 있다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2015

The main objective of this study was to assess the applicability of IoT (Internet of Things)-based flood management under climate change by developing intelligent water level monitoring platform based on IoT. In this study, Arduino Uno was selected as the development board, which is an open-source electronic platform. Arduino Uno was designed to connect the ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, and data logger shield for implementing IoT. Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) was selected as the Arduino software and used to develop the intelligent algorithm to measure and calibrate the real-time water level automatically. The intelligent water level monitoring platform consists of water level measurement, temperature calibration, data calibration, stage-discharge relationship, and data logger algorithms. Water level measurement and temperature calibration algorithm corrected the bias inherent in the ultrasonic sensor. Data calibration algorithm analyzed and corrected the outliers during the measurement process. The verification of the intelligent water level measurement algorithm was performed by comparing water levels using the tape and ultrasonic sensor, which was generated by measuring water levels at regular intervals up to the maximum level. The statistics of the slope of the regression line and $R^2$ were 1.00 and 0.99, respectively which were considered acceptable. The error was 0.0575 cm. The verification of data calibration algorithm was performed by analyzing water levels containing all error codes in a time series graph. The intelligent platform developed in this study may contribute to the public IoT service, which is applicable to intelligent flood management under climate change.

• 동굴
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• 제59권
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• pp.21-36
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• 1999

Most scholars calssify caves into natural resource, but caves possess values of natural and human resource, mix up the features of natural resources and human resources. Now, caves are distributed 260 in Korea. Seongryu Cave is showed in 1967 for the first time, till 1997 12 caves is opened to tourist. But since 1996 the 12 show caves of all is not launched the safety and environment-protection check-up adduced reason for IMF. Then caves must maintain environment of the normal temperature, humidity and dark. But the environment of caves are destroyed by tourism development. Thus to maintain environment of caves, it used to consider the counterplan as follows in restraint of the environmental change. Firstly, in case of development work to open caves, it must keep up with the prototype. Secondly, it must establish a freight depositary to prevent the influence of the caves's stain and damage due to tourist's objects. Thirdly, to maintain the normal temperature and humidity, it must install artificial poultice equipment of the inner parts of caves. Fourthly, in order to prevent the occurrence of $CO_2$, it must assessment of the optimum number of the greatest stayer. Fifthly, the control of closure for a given period of time is useful of the restoration to the cave's original state. Sixthly, by means of make narrow entrance, it should not influence the outer's air on the inner parts on caves. Seventhly, to keep the temperature of the inner part of caves, the lightening should be maintained moderately considering the convenience of a tour. Eightly, when water-proof cables for the lightening bulbs are connected each other, silicon tape is suitable and circuit breakers should be installed at the diverging points of the cables. Ninthly, the direction and angle of the lightening must be changed periodically to prevent green-pollution at the lightening spot. Lastly, when facilities and arrangements are equipped, corrosive materials should be excluded if circumstances allow.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 테입-케스팅 방법을 이용하여 제작한 PZT-5A의 소결온도 변화에 따른 압전특성을 조사한 후 유한요소 해석법을 이용하여 2-2형 압전복합재료를 초음파 트랜스듀서를 설계하고 압전특성을 해석하였다. 2-2형 압전복합재료의 음향임피던스와 압전전하상수($d_{33}$)는 PZT 부피분율이 감소함에 따라 밀도의 감소로 감소하여 0.6~0.2의 범위에서 14~3 MRayl로 초음파 트랜스듀서로 사용가능한 특성을 나타내었다. 공진특성과 전기기계결합계수는 PZT부피분율이 0.6일 때 가장 우수한 특성을 나타내었으며, PZT의 부피분율이 0.2~0.6에서는 $k_t$ 값이 0.64~0.68로 거의 일정한 값을 유지하였지만 그 이상에서는 급격하게 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과로부터 2-2형 압전복합재료는 초음파 트랜스듀서 재료로 응용 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.714-724
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• 2006

In an attempt to investigate mothers' perceptions of factors affecting preschool children's food preferences, their policy improving food intake and belief in food selection, in-depth interviews with 30 mothers who had preschool children were conducted in Daegu and Busan. The interviews were tape-recorded and the contents of interviews were analysed by researchers. Most mothers and children liked meats. It was found that children usually disliked vegetables such as onions, carrots, and green onions. Mothers perceived that many factors affected their children's food preferences: mothers' and fathers' food preferences, food offering at meals. mothers' food intake during pregnancy, children's food intake during weaning period, heredity peer pressure, and advertisements on television. Mothers made efforts to improve childrens food intakes in many ways: change of cooking method, emphasizing function of nutrients and food for health, conciliation and enforcement, and comparison to other children. The most affecting belief for mothers in food selection was family members' food preference. Health, balance in nutrient intake degree of food processes food additives, chemicals, convenience, diversity, and economy were also important beliefs to select food. Convenience was especially the primary belief in choosing and preparing children's snacks. Mothers offered frozen dumplings and meat, instant noodles, tuna, and ham for snacks for convenience. These results showed that mothers understood many aspects affecting children's food preference tried to improve children s food intakes and had several beliefs in food selection. We concluded that it is necessary to give information for mothers to make healthy snacks in a short time and chance to learn cooking skills.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.486-493
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 급격한 감쇄율 특성을 갖는 독창적인 초광대역(UWB: Ultra Wideband) 스트립라인 대역 통과 여파기(BPF)를 소개한다. 초광대역의 특성은 기본적으로 "+"자 공진기와 주 전송 선로간의 용량성 결합으로부터 얻어진다. "+" 자 공진기는 ${\lambda}/2$의 전송 선로의 중심에 두 개의 스터브를 병렬 연결된 구조를 가진다. 하나는 ${\lambda}/8$ 단락 회로 스터브로 ${\lambda}/2$ 전송 선로의 상측에 연결되고, 다른 하나는 ${\lambda}/8$ 개방 회로 스터브로 ${\lambda}/2$ 전송 선로의 하측에 연결된다. 이 두 개의 스터브들은 통과 대역의 하단과 상단의 차단주파수에서 두 개의 감쇄극을 제공한다. "+" 자 공진기 상측에 위치하여 용량성 결합을 이루는 주 전송 선로는 입력과 출력 선로에 또 한 번의 ${\lambda}/4$ 길이의 용량성 결합을 하여 통과 대역 하부과 상부의 저지 대역에서 원하지 않는 신호를 억압하기 위해 구성하였다. 본 여파기는 미국에서 허가한 초광대역(3.1~10.6 GHz)의 대역에서 선택도가 우수한 대역 통과 특성을 얻기 위해 2.4 GHz와 11.1 GHz에서 81 dB/GHz와 86 dB/GHz의 기울기를 제공하는 두 개의 전송 영점(감쇄극)을 갖도록 설계되었다. 본 여파기는 유전상수 7.8을 갖는 저온 동시 소성 세라믹(LTCC) 그린테이프로 제작되었다. 측정 결과는 HFSS 해석 결과와 거의 일치하였다. 통과 대역에서 0.7 dB 이하의 삽입 손실과 14 dB 이상의 반사 손실이 측정되었다. 중심 주파수 군 위상 지연은 0.27 ns이고, 통과 대역에서 군 위상 지연의 변화량은 0.5 ns 이하이다. 본 여파기의 크기는 $6{\times}18{\times}0.6\;mm^3$이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2018

Purpose: During tillage operations, the selection of a working machine (tool) depends on the soil conditions as well as the type of tillage operation to be performed. The goal of this research was to ascertain the effects of varying working machine parameters of a compact disc harrow on tillage operations under various soil moisture content (SMC) conditions. Methods: The working machine parameters were the disc spacing and machine speed. The tillage parameters under investigation were the soil inversion ratio (SIR), tillage cutting depth (TCD), and soil clod breakage ratio (SCB). To determine the SIR, the areas of the white regions before and after tillage were obtained. The ratio of the difference of the areas of the white regions before and after tillage to the area of the white regions before tillage was considered as the SIR. The SCB was obtained as the ratio of the weight of soil clods after sieving with a mesh size of <0.02 m to the total weight of the soil clods before sieving. The soil TCD was measured using a tape measure at random points after the tillage operation. The resulting data were statistically analyzed in a one-way analysis of variance. Results: The highest soil inversion was achieved when the machine speed was 0.2 m/s with the disc spaced at 0.2 m in the 16.5% SMC. At a 0.4-m/s machine speed and 0.3-m disc spacing the highest soil breakage was achieved in the 26.5% SMC. The highest TCD was achieved at a 0.2-m/s machine speed and 0.2-m disc spacing in the 16.5% SMC. Conclusions: It was concluded that varying the working machine parameters, such as the disc spacing and machine speed, could significantly affect the soil inversion and soil clod breakage; however, it had no significant impact on the TCD.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.84-96
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to select herbaceous plants that can be used for presenting various views and biodiversity on the extensive rooftop greening. Experiment plots were constructed in July 2005 on the rooftop of the Administration Building in the Seoul Women's University. For this experiment, planters were used to design rooftop greening. The size of a planter is 500mm${\times}$500mm${\times}$100mm and each planter has the water storage plate in the lower part of it. The soil was constructed by mixing pearlite, vermiculite, cocopeat, and leaf mold in the ratio of 6 : 2 : 1 : 1. The plot was divided into the watered plot and the dry plot. Since each plot was constructed 2 times, finally 4 planters were constructed in total. One hundred species were used for the experiment and 9 plants per species were planted in each planter. Plants were organized according to types of plants and the experiment used 86 native herbaceous plants, 6 herbs, and 8 foreign plants. The plots were monitored once a month, from July to November 2005. The length and width of plants were tape-measured and covering rate was calculated by CAD program. "SPSS 10.1" was used for a statistical analysis. The result showed no significant difference between the watered plots and the dry plots. In cases of some plants, there were statistically significant differences between the watered planter and dry planter such as follows : Astilbe chinensis and Polygonatum odoratum which are shade plants were measured as the highest value on the watered pots, and Aquilegia buergeriana, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Calendula arvensis and Gypsophila cerastioides D.Don which are sunny plants were measured as the highest value on the dry plots. According to the final analysis of the data collected and observed for growth condition during the first year of the research, 51 species including Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina and Veronica linaiaefolia in native herbaceous plant, 5 species with Lavandula angustifolia in herbs, and 3 species with Lantana camara and Muscari armeniacum in foreign plants showed the highest growth condition. In conclusion, it is suggested that various plants including sedums could be effectively used for extensive rooftop greening to improve landscape(a view) of the rooftop and increase ecological values.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2006

기존의 용융탄산염 연료전지용 연료극인 Ni-Cr전극은 제조과정이 복잡하며, 운전조건에서 전극의 소결과 creep현상으로 인하여 전극의 기공률과 두께가 감소하는 문제점이 있어 상용화에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Ni-Cr계 전극보다 creep저항성이 우수하다고 알려져 있는 Ni-Al계 합금을 사용하였다. 또한 공정의 단순화로 비용을 절감시키기 위해, 소성과정을 제외하고 tape casting과 건조과정을 거친 green sheet를 단위전지에 장착하여 전처리 과정 중에 소결시키는 in-situ 소결법에 대해 연구하였다. 그러나 기존의 전처리 방법을 이용한 단위전지 평가에서 Ni-Al 합금의 상분리 현상으로 인해 기대하였던 creep저항성 향상을 확인하지 못했고, 운전중 Ni-Al합금 연료극에 단위전지의 구성요소인 matrix 기공크기보다 작은 기공(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$)이 다량 생성되어 전해질 재분배를 일으켜 성능이 하락하는 문제점이 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 전처리 조건을 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 비활성 기체인 질소를 일정한 구간에 사용함으로써 기존 전처리에서 발생하였던 Ni-Al 합금의 상분리 현상을 억제할 수 있었으며 이로 인해 creep저항성 또한 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그러나 운전 중 생성되는 matrix기공크기보다 작은 기공(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$) 형성비율은 억제할 수 없었다. 위의 전처리 조건을 가지고 단위전지 운전실험을 하였고, 전해질 함침비율을 조절함에 따라 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었으며 2000시간 동안 일정하게 유지함을 확인하였다. 이로부터 기존의 소성전극과 비교하여 많은 장점을 가지고 있는 in-situ 소결법의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.