• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

Plant virus coat (CP) gene-mediated protection is one of the best known approaches to protect against virus resistant transgenic plants. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants containing the CP gene of Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) were used for the environmental risk assessment of the living modified (LM) plants with plant virus resistance. The most optimal co-infection method of both ZGMMV and CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) on Non-LM and CP-expressing LM tobacco plants was established and co-infection of CMV and ZGMMV was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To address the effects of LM tobacco plants on the mutation of the virus, in-vitro transcripts of CP and Replicase (Rep) derived from CMV and/or ZGMMV were inoculated onto Non-LM or LM tobacco plants. Mutation frequency of CP and Rep from CMV and ZGMMV was examined through six serial passages in Non-LM and LM tobacco plants. Little actual frequency of mutation was estimated, probably due to the limited number of transgenic plants tested in this study. However, it does not suggest environmental safety of these CP-mediated LM plants. Further study at a larger scale is needed to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the CP-expressing LM plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.160-160
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• 2017

Drought stress is a major constraint of crop development and productivity. Plants have evolutionally developed several mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels to overcome drought stress. The basic Leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) family members are starting to be concerned about their roles in drought stress responses. In this study, we functionally characterized OsbZIP66, a rice group-E bZIP TF, to be associated with rice drought tolerance mechanisms. Expression of OsbZIP66 was significantly induced upon treatments of rice plants with drought, high salinity, and ABA. These observations and the fact that the OsbZIP66 promoter contains ten ABA-responsive elements suggest that OsbZIP66 is up-regulated by drought stress in an ABA-dependent manner. Overexpression of both OsbZIP66 in a whole plant body and specifically in roots enhanced drought tolerance of rice plants, indicating that the rice drought tolerance positively correlates with the expression levels of OsbZIP66. Thus, our results demonstrated that OsbZIP66 has a potential for use in biotechnological development of high-yielding rice plants under drought conditions.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.545-555
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze land use plans of 61 residential complexes and identify the factors that caused the variation of urban parks and green space ratio depending on the land ownership processing method. The ratio of urban parks and green space of expropriation districts was higher than that of replotting districts. Within the same city and country as well as other regions, the parks and green space ratio of land expropriation districts increased higher than 7% compared to that of replotting districts. The variation of urban parks and green space ratio was mainly related to the ratio of road. Small housing complexes such as detached house and quasi-residential sites resulted to expand space for road construction, thus, the areas of urban parks or green space came to reduce. The average urban parks and green space ratio in the urban development by the expropriation method and replotting method are 24.5% and 16.8% respectively. In order to prevent the reduction of urban parks and green space ratio according to the preference of detached house sites or quasi-residential sites in development zones, it is necessary to make systematic adjustment such as adjusting the urban parks and green space ratio securing standard.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.264-269
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• 1985

The inheritance of violet and green stems was examined in F1 F2 of violetstem variant x yellow-berry variant in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, and the characters of F1 and F2 plants were investigated. From these results, it was shown that most of the characters of F1 and F2 plants were simillar to the female plants. However, reciprocal crosses between violet and green stems yielded progeny of violet-stem variant. Thus the cross V♀x♂Y gave all violet-stem seedlings, and the cross Y♂ x Y♀ gave all violet-stem seedlings. And all of the crosses segregated in F2 in a ratio of 3 violet to 1 green.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1299-1305
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• 2014

For evaluating the effect of various artificial planting soil properties on the Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a wall of greenhouse at Konkuk University, Glocal campus. The experimental artificial planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios (Control, $A_4O_1$, $A_2O_1$ and $A_1O_1$) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' was planted. The soil and plant characteristics were investigated from April to Jun 2010. The volumetric soil moisture contents were significantly increasing order as the amount of organic soil conditioner level increased in order to $A_1O_1$ > $A_2O_1$ > $A_4O_1$ > Control. At 4 treatment, soil chemical properties were inversely related to organic soil container ratios increase. The differences of root collar caliper, number of branch, and survival rate between the organic soil conditioner ratio were not significantly affected by organic soil conditioner. But, plant height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were significantly shorter on plants planted $A_1O_1$ than plants planted other treatments. Therefore, Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' had good growth response regardless of organic soil conditioner ratio and the plant is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in artificial planting soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2022

This study is to develop new wheat breeding material through wide hybridization with wild species harboring useful characteristics such as salt, heat, and drought tolerance. Leymus mollis, wild rye was used to improve wheat genetic quality. L. mollis, is a perennial plant harboring tolerance against salt, heat, and drought because L. mollis distributes on the seaside. The F₁ hybrids were produced by crossing between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Chinese Spring) and L. mollis. Genomic in situ hybridization revealed that the F₁ hybrids have L. mollis genome. For the evaluation of salt and drought tolerance, seeds from the F₂ were used. Under 2% NaCl solution, the F₃ wheat-Leymus addition plants with salt tolerance showed more tillering and longer roots than other F₃ plants without salt tolerance. Also, the F₃ plants with salt tolerance showed better shallow-rooted than other F₃ plants without salt tolerance. Finally, the F₃ plants with salt tolerance made seed-setting under 2% NaCl condition, but other F₃ plants without salt tolerance were not. Under drought conditions, the F₃ plants with drought tolerance showed longer culm and spike length than other F₃ plants without drought tolerance and even those of Chinese Spring under well-water conditions. We evaluated and selected the F₃ plants with salt or drought tolerance for generation advancement.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 1990

Four crop plants, such as green onion(Allium ascalonicum L.), radish(Raphanus sativus L.), potato(Solanum tubersum L.) and chinese cabbage(Brassica pekinensis Rupr), were grown in greenhouses to determine the accumulations of Cd and Zn absorbed by the plants grown on soils treated with municipal sewage sludge of different levels of 0, 22.5, 45.0 and 90.0 ton $ha^{-1}$ as soil dry weight. The result was analyzed to be comparable to the heavy metal content in the plant tissues among the crop species and the statistical characteristics were investigated to determin a possible relationship between causes of increased contents of Cd and Zn in plants and in soils. The results were as follows : 1. The Cd and Zn content in experimental crop plants increased with increase in quantity of treatment sludge. 2. The Cd and Zn content in roots of all experimental plants increased with sludge treatment amount in soil, in the following order : green onion>potato>chinese cabbage>radish. 3. The Cd content in leaves of crop plants were high in this order : green onion>radish>potato>chinese cabbage, and the Zn content in leaves of crop plants was high in this order. : potato>radish>chinese cabbage>green onion. 4. Concentrations of Cd in potato tubers, radish roots and chinese cabbage leaves ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 ppm. 5. Concentrations of Cd and Zn in plant tissues grown in sludge treated soil of 90.0 ton $ha^{-1}$ were 1.2 to 10 times and 0.4 to 2.3 times higher as compared with those absorbed from sludge-free soil, respectively. 6. The accumulation rates of Cd and Zn in sludge-treated plant tissue were almost constant except for green onion roots.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze seasonal variations of de-icing salt ions harvested from soils and plants according to salt damage of Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis, a evergreen conifer, on roadsides. Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis was divided into three groups referred to SD, ND, and WD (serious salt damage (SD) = 71-100%, normal salt damage (ND) = 31-70%, and weak salt damage (WD) = 0-30%) based on the degree of visible foliage damage, and measured acidity (pH), electrical conductivity(EC), and de-icing salt ions (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺) harvested from soils and plants. The results indicated that acidity, electrical conductivity, and de-icing salt ions of soils and plants were significantly affected by seasonal variation and salt damage. In addition, a strong positive liner relationship was observed in plants between the concentration of de-icing salts and salt damage in spring, while the relationship among seasonal variation and salt damage in soil were not significant. The results from this study has important implications for the management of conifer species in relation to salinity and roadsides maintenance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of vegetation mat on plant growth and salt reduction in the soil treated with high concentration deicing salt. In order to measure soil chemical characteristics and plant growth, three native groundcover plants (Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, Dendranthema boreale, and Kalimeris yomena) were grown in each of the three plastic containers (50.0 cm width × 35.0 cm length × 8.5 cm deep) with a high concentration treatment of calcium chloride deicing salt. There were two treatments: control, and BVM that combines B (blanket) and VM (vegetation mat). 1,600 g of soil was placed on the top of the drainage layer with 290 g of perlite, 100 seeds each of the three native plants with three repetitions were sowed, and 10 g/L of calcium chloride deicing salt was added in the treatment. As a result of the chemical properties of soil, soil in control treatment was acidic and soil electrical conductivity in BVM was the lowest. Also, exchangeable cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺) in soil and all the three plants were significantly decreased in the BVM treatment. Meanwhile, the germination rate of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was the highest under high concentration deicing salt in compared to the two plants. Overall, three native groundcover plant growth was higher in the BVM than control treatment significantly. These results suggest that the treatment of blanket vegetation mat has a positive effect on soil and plant growth in soil damaged by deicing salt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.119-130
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to analyze an availability of green roof soil based on the bottom ash soil and compost using sludge derived from food factory as comparing and analysing the growth of native plants. Analysing the physical properties and chemical resistance of 12 different type mixing soils which is mainly used in green roof, selected 4 types of soil, experiments were conducted to compare plant growth. The growth status of the plant showed the most superior of the soil 13(control), next soil 9(Pearlite : Bottom Ash : Compost = 20 : 60 : 20) and soil 10(Pearlite : Zeolite : Compost = 60 : 20 : 20) This result showed that native plants grow well in the soil based on the bottom ash and compost using sludge derived from food factory, and this soil type is determined that is available the green roof soil.