• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2017

The volcanic ash soils from the Jeju province have low available phosphate because of the high phosphate fixing power of the soils. Phosphorus fertilizerwas dressed after cultivating green manure crops and before cultivating potatoes in order to investigate potato yields, the available phosphate contents, and phosphorus balance in the soils. Green manure crops cultivated in this study were hairy vetch alone and hairy vetch and rye. During potato cultivation, four treatments were conducted in the experiments; NF (non fertilizer), P fertilizer ($N-P-K=0-25-0kg\;10a^{-1}$), NK fertilizer ($N-P-K=18-0-19kg\;10a^{-1}$), and NPK fertilizer ($N-P-K=18-25-19kg\;10a^{-1}$). There were no differences in the yields of potato stem and tuber from the cultivation plots of different green manure crops. However, in the plots with single-sown hairy vetch and mixed-sown hairy vetch and rye, the yields of potato stem and tuber were higher in the P fertilizer plot than in NF plot. The yield of tuber among the treatments with mixed-sown hairy vetch and rye was the highest in the NPK fertilizer plot. The available phosphate content in soils initially increased with time in all plots, but began to decrease gradually after Oct. 18. The available phosphate contents were high in the plots for phosphate fertilization, and the difference in available phosphate content between non-phosphorus fertilizer plots and phosphorus fertilizer plots increased with time. In the single-sown hairy vetch and mixed-sown hairy vetch and rye plot, the phosphorus balances in NF plot and NK fertilizer plot were very low, while those in the P fertilizer plot and NPK fertilizer plot were high. In conclusion, available phosphate contents in soil and the potato yields were increased by phosphorus fertilization when potatoes planted after cultivating hairy vetch and rye together, compared to hairy vetch alone.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.606-609
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• 2013

To investigate the effect of partial tillage seeding of hairy vetch on green manure biomass and rice yield, on-farm experiment was conducted at eco-friendly hairy vetch cultivation area located in Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. Seeding methods of hairy vetch consisted of partial tillage seeding (PTS) and broadcasting before rice harvesting (BBRH). Hairy vetch was incorporated into soil on May 18 and rice seedling was transplanted on May 26. The growths of hairy vetch before overwintering were investigated on November 11. Plant height of BBRH plot was longer than that of PTS plot, but somewhat larger number of seedling stand was found in PTS. Biomass and N production of hairy vetch were investigated on May 18. Results of the investigation showed no difference between two seeding methods. Although the seeding time was 21 days late in PTS, the biomass of hairy vetch and rice yield were equivalent to those of BBRH seeding, so we conclude that PTS could improve overwintering survival of hairy vetch in rice cropping system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Green manure and graminaceousmanure crops have several benefits, such as improving soil physical and chemical properties and utilizing excessive greenhouse nutrients that they have a potential to be a water pollutant source. METHODS AND RESULTS: The objective of this study was to investigate nitrogen (N) supplying capabilities of green manure and graminaceous manure crops for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. For this two leguminous manures (Crotalaria juncea (Cr.) and Sesbaniaexaltata (Se.)) and two graminaceous manures (Sorghum bicolor; Haussolgo(Ha.) and Sudangrass (Sg.)) in the greenhouse were grown, cut, and incorporated into the greenhouse soil before planting. Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate was estimated based on N recommendation for lettuce and Chinese cabbage. 100% of the N recommended rates (1N) were 70 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for lettuce and 60 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage and 50% of the N recommendation rates (0.5N) were 35 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for lettuce and 30 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage. Nitrogen treatments were control (0N), Cr., Se., Cr + 0.5 N, Se + 0.5 N, Ha + 0.5 N, Sg + 0.5 N, and N recommendation rate (1N). Incorporated N from green manure and graminaceous manure crops were 130, 116, 93, and 87 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for Cr., Se., Ha., and Sg., respectively. Lettuce and Chinese cabbage were grown after incorporated green manure crops into the greenhouse soil. There was no significant difference in lettuce and Chinese cabbage yields under N treatments except control (0 kg/ha). Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)was from 44% to 73% and the highest NUE was under Se. treatment. Although yields were not statistically different under N treatments except control, actual yield increase ranged from 170 to 1,100 kg/ha for lettuce and ranged from 2,770 to 5,210 kg/ha for Chinese cabbage compared to yield under N recommendation rate. Estimated economic benefit from this would be higher approximately between \2,770,000 and \5,210,000/ha under N treatments except control than the N recommendation rate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating green manure crops, such as Cr. and SeSe. into soil or adding 0.5 N after incorporation of them can be beneficial in many ways in that it increases economic return because of yield increase, reduces the use of chemical N, and decreases the negative environmental impact on water quality because excessive N in the greenhouse soil can be used by green manure crops during the fallow.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2001

It is possible to use hairy vetch as green manure for corn not only in corn single cropping but also in double cropping system of corn and fall oats. Fall oats and hairy vetch were mixed-sown after corn harvest and harvested as forage in the early of November, and then hairy vetch stubble was over-wintered and incorporated into soil at corn planting as green manure without N fertilizer (FO+HV-GM). Other treatments were fall oats without N fertilizer on corn (FO-0N) and with N fertilizer 200kg/ha on corn (FO-200N), hairy vetch green manure without N fertilizer on corn (HV-GM), and fell winter follow without N fertilizer on corn (WF-0N). Soil nitrate content, corn growth and nitrogen uptakes, and yield of corn were measured and compared during 2-year experimental seasons. Dry matter and N amount of hairy vetch at the plot of FO+HV-GM were 60% less than those at the plot of HV-GM. The N effect of hairy vetch green manure on corn at the plot of HV-GM was similar to that at FO-200N plot for two years. Soil nitrate at the plot of FO+HV-GM was below the half of those at plots of HV-GM and FO-200N at 6-leaf stage of corn. N uptake of corn at the plot of FO+HV-GM at silking stage was 30% less than those at plot of HV-GM and FO-200N. However, soil nitrate at 6-leaf stage of corn and the amount of nitrogen uptake of corn at silking stage increased two times and 30-40 kg/ha, respectively, compared with those at the plot of FO-0N. Corn yield at FO+HV-GM decreased about 2 ton/ha due to the decrease of corn grain weight in the first year compared with plot of HV-GM and FO-200N, but its difference was not shown in succeeding second year. Corn N uptake at FO+HV-GM decreased 60 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha in 1999 and 2000, compared with plot of HV-GM and FO-200N, respectively, but increased 30kg/ha and 45kg/ha compared with the plot of FO-0N in 1999, 2000, respectively. Therefore, it is estimated that hairy vetch green manure in fall oats-corn double cropping system can reduce nitrogen chemical fertilizer on corn as much as 50-100 kg/ha although its N effect is much lower than the N effect of hairy vetch green manure in corn single cropping of which N effect is over 200 kg/ha.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.785-791
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of the farm management and productivity increase of cabbages growing in the plastic house based on application of green manure crops such as silage corn, haussolgo (Sorghum bicolar L. Moench), hairy vetch, etc. According to the effect of green manure crop grown in summer season, the biomass amount of the silage corn was the highest; 7,630 kg per 10a, the next was haussolgo, 5,620 kg per 10a. In terms of the fertilizer ingredients, the first of forage soybean was 3.84% of nitrogen, whereas hairy vetch was 1.74% of phosphate and kalium, 4.74%. Productivity increase of cabbages was the highest in the haussolgo plot of which the yield of showed 10,090 kg per 10a and the farm household income would be worth 8,053 thousand won. By growing forage crops in the winter season, the biomass amount was the highest in the mixed sowing plot with rye (50%) and hairy vetch (50%) of 3,590 kg per 10a, whereas the productivity in the mixed seeding with rye (70%) and hairy vetch (30%) was highest, 6,249 kg per 10a and the farm household income would be worth 7,387 thousand won. Judging from these results, more practical on-farm research on applying different green manure crops as a basal fertilizer with cabbage in the plastic house should be considered to analyze the farm management and the farm household income at different sites.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.279-290
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• 2022

This study was conducted to find out that winter green manure crops could be efficient replacements of expeller cake fertilizers, which were mostly imported, on environment-friendly red pepper production. Four treatments were compared under the condition of plastic film house: 1) barley (B); 2) hairy vetch (HV); 3) mixtures of barley and hairy vetch (B/HV); 4) expeller cake (EC). Total nitrogen content in hariy vetch was 3.6%, which was higher than 1.5~1.8% in barley and mixtures of barley and hairy vetch. P₂O₅ and K₂O contents were similar in all green manures. Supplying amount of nitrogen from B, HV and B/HV plot, which were 172 kg ha^-1, 193 kg ha^-1, and 198 kg ha^-1, were higher than amount of basal nitrogen required by soil testing but were lower than that of total nitrogen, respectively. Among the green manure crops, C/N ratio of HV was the lowest at 11.8, showing a similar value to that of expeller cake, but that of B was the highest at 30.6. Total yield was no significant difference in all treatment plots although B/HV plot showed the highest yield, but initial yield in B plot with high C/N ratio was lower than that in EC plot.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1103-1106
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• 2011

Optimum application level of liquid pig manure for increasing Astragalus sinicus L. (ASASI) and Lolium multiflorum Lam. (LOLMU) yield was investigated. The green manure crop yield were generally high in the order of ALPM 100 ${\geqq}$ APLM 75 ${\geqq}$ APLM 50 ${\geqq}$ APLM 0 in site 1 (ASASI), and LPLM 100 ${\geqq}$ LPLM 75 > LPLM 50 ${\geqq}$ LPLM 0 in site 2 (LOLMU). The optimum application level of liquid pig manure was 100% of nitrogen fertilization level.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.404-408
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• 2007

The green manure crops such as rye, hairy vetch and scotch oat were applied to reduce the injury by continuous cropping system(CCS) of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) cultivation, which manure crops was sowed in latter-September or mid-October and returned to soil in the next year of May. The growth and yields were increased as 33%(65.0kg/10a) in the rotational cropping system(RCS) compared to continuous cropping system of 48.9kg/10a. In the CCS of sesame, it was increased as $10{\sim}15%$ in the green manure crop cultivation, and rye cultivation was the most effective crop to reduce the injury of continuous cropping in the green manure crops. The RCS displayed lower disease outbreak and Fussarium oxysporum density in the soil compared with the CCS, and the green manure crop showed good effect in the CCS of sesame. In the RCS, the porosity was most high in the RCS and CCS of rye cultivation, while rye and hairy vetch was effective way to reduce the injury of continuous cropping. The outbreaks of wilt disease and phytophthora blight were increased as the CCS years, however displayed lowest outbreaks of disease and the yields showed highest in the rye cultivation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

The agricultural techniques of environmental friendly using the green manure crops have been required recently more to have the safety agricultural products and to reduce the use of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals. The utilization of green manure crops related closely to cropping system would be very important. The purposes of this study are both to investigate the effects of green manure crops of hairy vetch, legume, and rye, gramineae, and to compare the effects between them in rice cultivation. The hairy vetch and rye were treated as green manure crops into paddy soil at 10 days before the rice transplanting. The plant height was increased gradually from the maximum tillering to the heading growth stage, showing that it was the highest with treatment of conventional cultivation in 2007 and the highest with hairy vetch in 2008. The number of tillers was higher with treatment of hairy vetch and hairy vetch+rye than those with the conventional cultivation. Dry weight was also higher with hairy vetch than that with the conventional, while it was lower clearly in rye than those in hairy vetch and conventional. According to the high tilller number and spikelet number per panicle out of the yield components relatively, the yield of rough rice was increased to about 6% and 8% in 2007 and 2008, respectively, comparing with the yield in the conventional cultivation. Based on these results, the hairy vetch would be a good green manure crop in rice cultivation.