• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2006

This research carried out to investigate the effects of application of hairy vetch instead of duck-releasing in a large scale of duck-releasing cultivation. The results are as followed; Cultivation of hairy vetch, a green manure crop, for the winter season seemed to be a possible natural fertilizer to supply crop mineral nutrients. Application of hairy vetch residues improved physical properties of soil and was possible to assure better productivity of agricultural products. Introduction of hairy vetch into a large scale of duck-releasing cultivation reduced the pollution of agricultural water.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The use of green manure and compost as organic fertilizer may increase crop yield and soil fertility due to improved soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter content (SOM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and compost application on red pepper growth, yield, fruit quality and soil health. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments were no fertilizer (CON), chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (HV), and livestock compost+HV (LC+HV). Red pepper seedlings (70 days old) were transplanted and maintained in experimental plots for 140 days. Plant dry weight, micro- and macronutrient contents of plants and soil chemical properties were determined. All fertilizer treatments significantly increased plant dry weight. Fruit yield was significantly highest with HV treatment. As for nutrient content, plants in HV and LC+HV treatments have significantly higher K and Ca contents than the other treatments. Regarding soil properties, HV and LC+HV application significantly altered the soil chemical properties. Significantly higher SOM was observed in HV and LC+HV treated soils. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that short-term application of hairy vetch and compost is an effective alternative to the conventional chemical fertilizer to increase fruit yield red pepper and improve soil health.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.318-322
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• 2014

The effects of cover crops on weed suppression were evaluated in this study. Weed suppressing effects of hairy vetch cover crops were evaluated in summer grain fields. Cover crops were sown at the sowing rate of $60kg\;ha^{-1}$ on Oct. 2012 and Feb. 2013 without basal fertilization. Three weeks old sorghum seedlings were transplanted after minimum tillage on June 2013. Hairy vetch cover crop treatment significantly reduced weed biomass in the transplanted sorghum. By smothering, the cover crops reduced weed biomass to economic level in sorghum. Besides the weed suppression, hairy vetch cover crop resulted in green manure effect on crop growth. Hairy vetch treatment showed beneficial effects on sorghum growth. Reduction of weeds caused by use of strip-tillage machine and polyethylene film mulching was 71% and 88%, respectively. At harvest, yield of sorghum was greater in order of polyethylene film mulching > hairy vetch cover crop > control in transplanted fields.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2016

The Rural Development Administration moved to Jeonju for the balanced development of the land. This situation required establishment of new research fields with soils appropriate to cultivation. We applied a variety of amelioration techniques to mature soils of new research fields of the National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS) and evaluated effects of the integrated amelioration techniques. The schedule of amelioration was following: 1) location of research fields was determined, 2) surface and subsoil samples were collected separately, 3) after aligning the top level of research fields, subsoil and surface soil were re-established with soil amendment, 4) the green manure crops were grown four seasons to improve the uniformity and increase the organic content of the research field, and 5) drainage canal and/or underdrainage were applied to poorly drained fields. The last green manure crop was rape in RDA fields and green barley in NAS fields. The average height, fresh weight, and dry matter weight of rape in good condition were 123 cm, $3,938kg\;10a^{-1}$, and $651kg\;10a^{-1}$, respectively. The height, fresh weight, and dry matter of green barley, on average, were 97 cm, $3,013kg\;10a^{-1}$, and $1,004kg\;10a^{-1}$, respectively. In the chemical properties of paddy field, pH and levels of silicate, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were in appropriate range but organic matter content of $16g\;kg^{-1}$ was less than the optimum level. In the chemical properties of upland field, pH and levels of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were appropriate range but organic matter content of $12g\;kg^{-1}$ was less than the optimum range. Evaluation of well-adapted soil was performed. The field in RDA was classified into the superior class with points ranging from 90 to 95 by the field evaluation test. The fields in NAS were mainly evaluated as the superior class with points greater than 85. However, some fields in NAS remained low quality with scores between 80 and 83. Further soil amelioration practices were suggested to fields with low soil quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.473-477
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• 2001

Chinese milkvetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) has been traditionally used as a green manure supplying mineral N and organic matters to soil. In rice-Chinese milkvetch interrelay cropping system, three rice cultivating methods (no-till direct seeding, no-till transplanting, and tillage transplanting) were evaluated for stand reestablishment without reseeding Chinese milkvetch with two cropping times (May 25 and June 4) for two years. Chinese milkvetch incorporated was decomposed rapidly in the first week. Decomposition was fast in topsoil than in subsoil. Natural milkvetch reestablishment (NMR), following harvest of no-till-direct-sown rice was good enough to cover the paddy field in both cropping times, but rice yield of this method was lower than that of transplanted rice on paddy field without milkvetch cultivation. Even though good NMR was secured in no-till rice transplanting, the shoot of milkvetch should be removed before machine-transplanting of rice seedlings. NMR was better in rice cropping at the mid-ripening stage of milkvetch (June 4) than at the late-bloom stage (May 25). Rice yield was higher in tillage transplanting at the mid-ripening stage of milkvetch (June 4) than in the other rice cropping method.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1241-1247
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate resistance of 10 different cowpea cultivars which were introduced from the United States against two major root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita, that affect greenhouse crop cultivation in Korea. The results showed that the resistance of the tested cultivars to the root-knot nematodes varied with the cultivar. Texas Cream 40 showed moderate resistance to M. arenaria whereas the other cultivars were susceptible. Purple Hull Pinkeye and Texas Pinkeye Purple Hull were found to be resistant to M. incognita, whereas Mississippi Silver showed moderate resistance and the other cultivars were susceptible. As the cultivars exhibit resistance to M. arenaria and M. incognita, such cultivars resistant to root-knot nematodes should be considered during the cultivation of cowpea as a green manure crop.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.578-586
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• 2016

In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil incorporation of crotalaria as a green manure on the growth and yields of 'Seolhyang' strawberry and inorganic soil nitrogen levels in a greenhouse. Four different N treatments were used, as follows: zero N fertilizer (control), crotalaria, crotalaria with 50% urea, and 100% urea. The recommended N requirement (100% urea) for strawberry was $86kgN{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ and 50% of the recommended N (50% urea) was $43kgN{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Crotalaria was sowed on June $17^{th}$, 2011 and cultivated for 37 days. The amount of N supply from soil incorporation of crotalaria was $104kgN{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Strawberry was planted on September $9^{th}$, 2011 and cultivated for 255 days after planting. The concentrations of soluble solids and acidity of strawberry fruits for the crotalaria treatment were higher than for the crotalaria with 50% urea and 100% urea treatments. On the other hand, the growth and yield of strawberry was the highest for the crotalaria with 50% urea and 100% urea treatments, followed by the crotalaria treatment, and the lowest for the control. Soil inorganic N concentration for the crotalaria treatment was continuously decreased to $24mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ at the end of the growing season, while crotalaria with 50% urea and 100% urea treatments maintained an inorganic N concentration that ranged from 35 to $50mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. These results indicate that the amount of N supply from soil incorporation of crotalaria may not be enough because strawberry yield was lower than for other N treatments. Therefore, additional nitrogen, such as 50% urea after soil incorporation of crotalaria, is recommended.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of Tenuivirus Group, which is carried by small brown planthopper. There is an outbreak of RSV in South Korea at 20Ot, and 2007. The infection caused by RSV had been investigated on weeds around the rice cultivated areas 13 region and 26 site including Jeonbuk Buan and Chungnam Seocheon. There have a doubt as to alternate host of RSV is total 15 Family and 50 Species including Gramineae 24 species of Duksaepul (Alopecurus aequalis), H. sativum var. vulgare etc.. There is identified the infected RSV in Festuca myuros, Alopecurus aequalis, Hordeum sativum var. vulgare, Trisetum bifidum, Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli, Digitaria ciliaris among this species. Deulmuksae is the overwintering exotic weed which sprout in Autumn and wither in Spring and commonly growed as green manure crop or cover crop. In order to identify the infection rate furthermore, 111 samples which were collected at Buan Gyehwa-myeon region, and 50 samples from Seocheon Maseo-myeon in June, 2008, were ELISA tested. The results are 32 positives from Buan, 28.8% infection rate, 8 positives from Seocheon 16.0% infection rate. RSV infection of Deulmuksae is not reported currently, and follow report first describes the Deulmuksae as an alternate host of RSV.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2010

Anaerobic digestion(AD) is the most promising method for treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as organic fraction of municipal solid waste, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. organic materials are decomposed by anaerobic forming bacteria and fina1ly converted to excellent fertilizer and biogas which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to produce renewable energy and to reduce $CO_2$ and other green-house gas(GHG) emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. Currently some 80% of the world's overall energy supply of about 400 EJ per year in derived from fossil fuels. Nevertheless roughly 10~15% of this demand is covered by biomass resources, making biomass by far the most important renewable energy source used to date. The representative biofuels produced from the biomass are bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas, and currently biogas plays a smaller than other biofuels but steadily growing role. Traditionally anaerobic digestion applied for different biowaste e.g. sewage sludge, manure, other organic wastes treatment and stabilization, biogas has become a well established energy resource. However, the biowaste are fairly limited in respect to the production and utilization as renewable source, but the plant biomass, the so called "energy crops" are used for more biogas production in EU countries and the investigation on the biomethane potential of different crops and plant materials have been carried out. In Korea, with steadily increasing oil prices and improved environmental regulations, since 2005 anaerobic digestion was again stimulated, especially on the biogasification of different biowastes and agro-industrial biomass including "energy crops". This study have been carried out to investigate anaerobic biodegradability by the biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of animal manures, different forage crops i.e. "energy crops", plant and industrial organic wastes in the condition of thermophilic temperature, The biodegradability of animal manure were 63.2% and 58.2% with $315m^3CH_4/tonVS$ of cattle slurry and $370m^3CH_4/tonVS$ of pig slurry in ultimate methane yields. Those of winter forage crops were the range 75% to 87% with ultimate methane yield of $378m^3CH_4/tonVS$ to $450m^3CH_4/tonVS$ and those of summer forage crops were the range 81% to 85% with ultimate methane yield of $392m^3CH_4/tonVS$ to $415m^3CH_4/tonVS$. The forge crops as "energy crops" could be used as good renewable energy source to increase methane production and to improve biodegradability in co-digestion with animal manure or only energy crop digestion.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1239-1248
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• 2020

This study performed to conduct a test to increase the amount of appropriate organic matter input to organic upland soil, soil fertility, and its effect on the chemical changes and yield of corn in soil due to organic use. The pH level of the T1, T5, and T6 treatment zones where livestock excreta was used was raised to 6.0-6.5, the optimal range of the soil in Korea, and it was confirmed that the pH value was appropriate. Electrical Conductivity (EC), organic content (OM), and total nitrogen (T-N) were also identified as a trend of continuous increase. The quantity of corn gradually increased from 74.1% to 96.4% over the four-year period with the use of organic materials compared to the beginning of the test, and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen has also increased. The results of the study were found to have been able to examine the increase in quantity and changes in soil chemistry through crop cultivation using organic materials such as natural materials, green manure crops, and livestock manure compost, and it is also believed that the changes due to various factors such as soil environment, soil microbes, and climate conditions need to be made through continuous research.