• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2013

This experiment was carried out to breed an early maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 2009 to 2011. A new variety, 'Green farm II' is a diploid with green leaves and has a semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring, respectively. 'Green farm II' was on the $28^{th}$ of April in the heading date as an early-maturing variety. 'Green farm II' was also wider by 0.6 mm in flag leaf width, shorter by 1 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1 cm in plant length than those of the control variety, 'Florida 80', respectively. 'Green farm II' was thicker by 0.7 mm in stem thickness and strong in winter hardness. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,452 kg/ha) of 'Green farm II' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) of 'Green farm II' were 70.6%, 63.9%, and 114% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Green farm II' were 31.7% and 52.6% which were 3.5% and 6.4% lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2003

This study looked at worked on remaining landscapes in terms of landscape ecology. It presented some ways to conserve and to activate remaining landscapes with examples of agricultural lands in Hwa-won Gun, Ok-po Myun. The results are as follows: We investigated 20 remaining landscape types and 90 remaining landscapes, and classified them in terms of forest and water zones. To evaluate the investigated remaining landscapes, we produced a grading system using 8 criteria such as vitality, stability, field suitability, type of inner scenery formation, connection, recreation, and culture/tradition. Our evaluation of the vitality found that Grade I had the mast remaining landscapes; Grade II had 28, Grade III had 16, Grade V had four, and Grade IV had none. We evaluated the outer landscape influence using 3 criteria such as divisibility, vitality, and indication. We found from evaluating the type of inner scenery formation that most of the landscapes superior to Grade III were adjacent to water zones and that linear landscapes evaluated as Grade I, and II played an important role in this connection. We evaluated the recreation probability using marks, frequencies, and emergencies of peculiar types. Based on the results, we proposed some ways to conserve and to activate the remaining landscapes classified by grades using the results of the last evaluation. Additionally, we proposed some ways to activate the restoration of the linear axis of the green space function the formation of a buffer green space around matric space, the improvement of the axis of the green space center, and the formation of additional green tracts of land to play the role of stepping stones. We proposed the possibility of improving uniformed farm land structures. This study did not consider the weighting values of the evaluation index. Therefore a more objective study will be needed with an expert-survey in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.109-123
• /
• 2014

Kaloula borealis is the species of Amphibia which belongs to Kaloula genus and it is the only species inhabiting in Korea. The population size and habitat of Kaloula borealis have been significantly decreased on a national scale due to the diversified developments and the uses of agricultural pesticides. Accordingly, the Ministry of Environment has designated and managed them as the class II of endangered species, in accordance with "Endangered Species Protection and Management Act"; however, a particular study focused on the ecological restoration of Kaloula borealis is desperately needed to prevent their extinction. This study was conducted to propose the HSI (Habit Suitability Index) of Kaloula borealis based on literature survey on ecology and habitats of Kaloula borealis, as well as their HSI. Factors to be investigated in HSI include: space, feed, cover, water(breeding) and threatening factors and the variables of each factor were also proposed. The distance from wetland, grassland, farm, stream and rice paddy, as well as the altitude of spawning pond were proposed as the variables of space, whereas the bed structure of forest and low-rise grassland were proposed as the variables of feeding. The variables of water (breeding) include the area of permanent and temporary wetlands, coverage of emerged pants (ratio of open water), water depth, water temperature, water quality, pH level, etc., whereas the presence of predator, distance from street and pollutants were proposed as the variables of threatening factor. The sub-standards by HSI factor of Kaloula borealis have been drawn from in-depth consultation with experts and based on this, the final HSI of Kaloula borealis was developed.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2024

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of initial body weight and synbiotics supplementation in the diet on growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 80 crossbred pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, d 28±3, body weight 6.40±1.70 kg) were randomly distributed 4 treatments (4 replication, 5 pigs/replication). The treatments were 1) high initial body weight group (PC), 2) low initional body weight group (NC), 3) low initial body weight with 0.2% antibiotics (amoxicillin) supplementaion group (AB), 4) low initial body weight with 0.2% synbiotics (AllTech^® Bio-Mos 0.3%, 0.3%, Bacillus subtillis 0.1%, formic acid 0.1%) supplementation group (Syn). AllTech^® Bio-Mos is consist of at least 25% of glucomannanprotein extracted from the cell wall of Saccaromycess cerevisae. Growth performance was measured during 28 d. Average daily gain (ADG) of AB and Syn groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of NC group. However, final body weight at the end of experiment were not different among NC, AB, and Syn groups. Initial body weight and final body weight of PC group were statistically (p<0.001) higher compared to those of other groups. Additionally, PC showed the tendency of lower average daily feed intake and higher ADG, thereby lower feed conversion ratio compared with other groups. Therefore, the current results imply that supplementation of antibiotics and synbiotics in diets for weaned pigs could not catch up with significant differences in initial body weight.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.627-638
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted at a village fishing farm on 4 peaks on the main island of Jeju Island and 2 peaks on an inhabited island to compare the distribution characteristics of seaweeds along the coast of Jeju Island from May to December 2018. A total of 101 species of seaweeds were surveyed, including 13 species (12.9%) of green algae, 24 species (23.8%) of Phaeophyta, and 64 species (63.4%) of Rhodophyta. The largest number of seaweeds appeared in May and the fewest in October, showing typical features of a temperate sea area. The number of seaweed species that appeared was 66 and 65 species at the water depths of 5 m and 8 m, respectively, and the largest was 74 species at 12 m. The number of seaweeds that appeared by area was the largest at 66 species on Udo Island, an eastern island near Jeju Island, and the lowest at 27 species in Pyoseon-ri, an eastern part of Jeju Island. The important values of emerging species were high in the order of, Ecklonia cavaand Corallina crassissima at 21.1% and 20.3%, respectively, Corallina aberransat 9.2%, Amphora ephedraeaat 6.2%, and Sargassum macrocarpumat 4.4%. Among seaweeds, an average of 11.2 species of coralline algae appeared, and the mean importance value was 32.6% in the sear area. The lowest importance value was 14.7% on Udo Island, and the highest was 41.0% in Pyoseon-ri. The mean ecological evaluation index (EEI) of seaweed colonies ranged from 2.1 to 10. It was the lowest at the water depth of 12 m in Pyoseon-ri in May and June and was 7.3 or higher in other areas, indicating good condition. This study rated the standardized ecological grade I for the water depth of 12 m on Udo Island and grade II for the water depths of 5 m and 8 m in Sagye-ri and on Chujado Island. Grade III was the water depth of 5 m and 12 m in Pyoseon-ri and Guideok 2-ri and the water depth of 5 m and 8 m in Pyeongdae-ri, and grade IV was the water depth of 8 m in Guideok 2-ri.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.241-252
• /
• 1990

In a basic attempt to develop the prophylactic and therapeutic measures on intestinal giantcystic disease of the Israel carp, C), prinks carpio nudum, the effects of physical and chemical factors on viability or survival of the spores of Thelchcnellus kiteuei were checked in vitro by means of extrusion test on the polar filament. When the fresh spores suspended with 0.45% and 0.9% scdium chloride solution and distilled water were laid at $5^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$ for short terms, the extrusion rates increased until the 3rd day, meanwhile when son;e of them were suspended with Tyrode's solution at $-70^{\circ}C$ the rates increased gradually until the 8th day. Viabilities of the spores suspended with 0.9% saline and added antibiotics to the suspension at $5^{\circ}C$ for long terms lasted for 997 days and 1, 256 days (presumed values) at maximum, respectively. The spores suspended with distilled water at $28^{\circ}C$ for long terms survived 152.4 days, but the spores suspended with Tyrode's solution at $-70^{\circ}C$ for long terms showed almost the same viable pattern as early freezing stages up to 780 days. The spores suspended with Tyrode's solution, frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$ and thawed at $5^{\circ}C$, showed the highest rate of extrusion of the polar filament. In the case of frozen spores, the extrusion rates during heating tend to become higher in accordance with the increase of frozen period, and the critical points of 180 day-frozen spores to be killed were generally 78.5 hr. at $60^{\circ}C$, 23.4 hr. at $70^{\circ}C$, 189.1 min. at $80^{\circ}C$ or 10.5 min. at $90^{\circ}C$. The longer the spores were frozen, the more time was needed for the death of spores after thawing; 20 days-17.4 days, 100 days-33.2 days, and 400 days-37.8 days. The longer the spores were frozen, the more time was needed for the death of spores at a conventional when they were dried air drying condition, 540 days-23.5 days, 160 days-21.0 days, and 20 days-14.4 days. On the other hand, the longer the spores were frozen, the more spores were dead rapidly when they were irradiated with 10W UV-ray; 100 days-26.0 hr, 300 days-21.9 hr, and 540 days-13.9 hr. The time needed for killing 200 days-frozen spores by various disinfectants at 1, 000 ppd was 5.2 min. by calcium oxide, 10.4 min. by potassium permanganate, 27.8 min. by malachite green and 14.3 hr. by formalin. Transient inhibitory effects of the extrusion of the polar filament were observed by various antiprotozoal and antifungal agents in the descending order of ketoconazole. metronidasole and dapsone. The above results presume that full drying, followed by spraying CaO and maintaining sunny condition for a few days on the concrete bottoms of knish farm may be an effective method for the prevention of intestinal giant.cystic disease.