• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2003

The study was conducted to present the criteria of plant selection and planting design pattern suitable for the vegetation blocks which are becoming more popular for the facade greenery in urban areas. The main results are summarized as follows. 1. Under irrigated conditions, the plant grew better than that of unirrigated conditions and herbs grew better than shrubs. In selection of shrubs, it would be more proper to consider the size and depth of the pockets. 2. Under unirrigated conditions, Sedum middendorffianum and foreign sedums grew well, so it can be concluded that sedums can grow at low management condition. And, Hosta longipes and Aceriphyllum rossii could be survive at low management conditions only if irrigation was conducted at dry season. But, shrubs needed irrigation management for survival at vegetation blocks. 3. The results of this study, it can be concluded that greenery of walls and retaining walls might be effective for the creation of green space, improvement of urban landscapes, and the creation of diverse biotopes in urban areas with vegetation blocks.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.593-604
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• 2011

This study examines potential growth and different perspectives on green-walls, which are being re-evaluated recently. The aim is to identify the viewer preferences concerning the walls by collecting a wide spectrum of information to create an interior design related comprehensive and intellectual database. Also based on this proposition, choosing a green surface of indoor wall as a specific example stimulus, identifying a relationship betweeationsviewer's preference factors. The relationship will formulate detailed and absolute qualities, which will reach potential areas that the green walls can be widely applied in. As a result of a factor analysis, the viewers classified into the 3 factors as is pleasant, gorgeous and rich about the stimulus. Preferred key factors, which are closely related to emotional image language, were; cool, tidy, comfortable and beautiful. The common factors in preferred design stimulus, in order of importance are color>elements>image/form/plants. Specific levels of design factors according to relevance are contrast>furniture> modern>central/creeper foliage plants. In the meantime, this study is leading the process of quantitative measurement of green-walls to a new design direction and it is critical to consistently experimenting to back up the theory with solid evidence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

This study aims to suggest ways to improve sustainability on housing complexes. This study sampled eight housing projects in Seoul and GyeongGi-Do in Korea, which were completed in June 2007 and June 2008. Then, are retention and maintenance on "constructed greens for ecological environment" including "green structures substitutes retaining walls", "green roofs", and "green walls." Study methods are field investigations of the sampled sites, and Post Occupancy Analysis. Major findings were; 1) "constructed greens" are not well retained in more sites and and this implies the GBCS(Green Building Certification System) does not meet its objectives well, 2) User showed lower user satisfaction to "constructed greens". User satisfaction concerning "green structures substitute retaining walls" was higher than the satisfaction on the other constructed green type. Satisfaction Assessment Criteria lower 1han average were "level of quality", "meet the design objectives", "vegetation management status", "vegetation maintenance". 3) User satisfaction was strongly correlated on the level of quality factor of "constructed green". In addition, tue other factors are the significant correlations between the satisfactions. The present GBCS has inadequate assessment standards for maintenance, which lead to lower the entire satisfaction. Therefore, periodic recertification system, education and information providing for the managing personals, and incentives for good maintenance or disincentive for poor maintenance of the "constructed greens" are suggested to improve the GBCS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 1985

Various cell wall polysaccharides and related enzyme activities in hot pepper fruit were determined at different stages of maturity. The uronic acid content of cell walls decreased between immature green and turning stage fruit and then increased by red ripe stage. In contrast, cellulose content of cell walls changed only a little during ripening. Total neutal sugar content of cell wall material decreased 50% and galactose content of the walls decreased about 80% by the turning stage. Polygalacturonase and ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities, as well as total hemicellulose from isolated cell walls of ripening hot pepper fruit were studied using gel filtration chromatography. Polygalacturonase activity was not detectable but 5 isozymes of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ were resolved. The activities of the enzymes were relatively high and gel filtration showed that they differed in molecular weight. Hemicellulose content decreased during ripening and softening. The molecular weight profiles shifted from high molecular weight to low molecular weight polymers during ripening. The changes in cell walls that may be associated with fruit softening involve the alteration of hemicellulose prior to the degradation of wall-bound uronic acid. It is suggested that the decrease in cell wall galactose involved changes in turnover of new cell wall components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.749-750
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• 2013

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2014

Importance of energy consumptions has being emphasized because of problems of the energy and environment. So, recently, green wall systems have been installed to reduce building energy consumptions. The green wall systems provide several benefits; they make it possible to maintain moderate thermal comforts by greenery. Greening such a surface wall in the building by plants, the temperature of the wall can be properly controlled that purifies the air and improves the view spanning over the space. This study evaluated the effects of green wall systems on reducing room temperature quantitatively, changing of humidity, decreasing of $CO_2$. Test results were confirmed; first, the space installed by green walls showed that temperature and $CO_2$ decreased and humidity was increased. Second, two structures were compared with the solar radiation, and green wall systems controlled the temperature and humidity stably near the wall regardless of the amount solar radiation. In conclusion, the green wall systems can contribute to thermal comforts and indoor air quality in the buildings.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Ten years have passed since the Demolishing Walls Campaign has started in Daegu. Recently, the campaign influenced to the other cities in Korea, such as Seoul, Incheon and Busan with various names regarding cities' circumstances. In these context, the study aims to highlight the identity of the Demolishing Walls Campaign compare Daegu with other cities where similar movement has started. In addition, the study evaluates the campaign in terms of physical, psychological and economical aspects to suggest some practical suggestion for the development of the campaign based on questionnaire survey. The research findings are as follows. The research shows that the identity of the Daegu Campaign is started by bottom-up approach based on citizens' participation compare with others cities' campaigns which are mainly started by the local government so called top-down method. The Daegu campaign influences the local people aware of their potential abilities in positively improving urban environment. The results of survey also highlights the advantages of green spaces which by the campaign in terms of environmental and economical aspects. Newly generating urban greens accept and store heat which Influences urban microclimate conditions and it possibly affects energy savings of the city. Most of survey participants eager to continue this campaign which shows positive results in various aspects by the local people. Therefore, the city government building a coalition of local people, NGOs, and interest group to keep the identity of the campaign in Daegu.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.371-378
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• 2013

After identifying species by collecting the suspended and attached algae mat inhabiting in the slow sand-filter, Spirogyra sp., Mougeotia sp. and Closterium sp. were main green algae and Synedra sp. was diatom algae. Among them green algae Spirogyra sp. was dominant species. A result of observing the life mode of apple snail for a month after introducing into the slow sand-filter, apple snail eggs were discovered on the filter walls 2 weeks after introducing, 4 weeks later lots of eggs were observed all of the slow sand-filter walls, it means there is no problem for apple snail to live in the slow sand-filter. The observation result for algae removal potential by introduced apple snail after 2 months later, slow sand-filter where apple snail were introduced, a few algal mat were observed. On the other hand, no introduced apple snail into the slow sand-filter, lots of suspended algal mats were formed in the water and attached algal mats on the sand surface as well, these algal mat induced much of operating problems.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

This study examines how fence demolition may change the thermal environments of external spaces of houses and suggests what factors need to be considered when a fence is demolished. The results of the research are summarized as follows. In terms of the surface temperature, there was no significant difference in all time plots after the removal of all materials. However, applying greening methods (changing the surface materials, planting trees, and building a green roof following fence demolition) could lower the surface temperatures, calling for proper plans for various greening methods. The MRT results indicates that walls block solar radiation and provide shade, reducing radiant heat from roads and surrounding structures during the daytime when solar radiation directly effects surface temperatures. Also, the application of greening methods such as planting vegetation and trees could have shading and evapotranspiration effects, leading to a lower temperature distribution. The HIP results were similar to the MRT results. They indicated that walls block solar radiation within the residential sections and provide shade, resulting in a lower temperature distribution during the daytime. However, areas where greening methods such as a green roof or tree planting were applied showed $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$ difference in temperature distribution.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

The green building is one of biggest factors to go the goal of energy saving and environmental conservation, "reduction of energy consumption, friendly energy technology, recycling of resource, and environmental pollution reduction technology. The purpose of these green buildings realized by the energy-saving technology such as the thermal bridge breaker(or thermal bridge block). Thermal bridges are localized elements that penetrate insulated portions of building envelope that results in heat loss. The purpose of this paper is to describe the technical interactions for patents of a thermal bridge breaker(TTB) used in green building practices, and be subject to investigation to TTB in the leading countries, that is, United State, Europe Union, Japan, and Korea. As a result, there are four TTB categories(roof, wall-slab connection, opening, footing) in house or building. The TTB categories is remarkable technology that is apparatus in slab-wall joints and sealing element of opening frame in walls.