• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.443-470
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• 2003

This study is to consider economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of the new urbanization process and its spatial structures and urban policy of Seoul in the 1990s. Some experimental findings which have been identified throughout this study can be summarized as follows. First of all, Seoul, the largest city in S.Korea has experienced a restructuring process of economy, which has been promoted by the development of producer services as well as knowledge- based or high tech industries. Secondly, the autonomy of Seoul has increased after the introduction of local self-government, with relatively higher self-management of local finance than other cities, strengthening the tendency of enterpreneurialism, empowering civil movements, and increasing the political participation of women. Thirdly, in the socio-cultural aspect, the material wants to gain a certain identity through consumption, using urban environments culturally, varying consuming attitudes and ways of leisure times in relation with the rapid development of transportation and information communication. Fourthly, in the environmental aspect, Seoul has tried to introduce the concept of sustainable development in terms of increasing wants on the quality of life, and to develop a pro-environmental eco-city with environmental rehabilitation, constructing green space and eco-park. Finally, in the spatial dimension, Seoul has shown a structuration of multi-centers, with highly spectacular urban landscapes and seemingly authentic urban planning. These results make us confirm that Seoul has been in the process of new urbanization which can be distinguished from the previous one.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.88-95
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• 2017

The usage of toxic gas in Korea is increasing in the development of high-tech industries such as semiconductors, displays and solar panels. The recent survey of domestic toxic gas consumption indicates an increase in annual average of 12.4 percent, but it is still focused on usage, and it is negligent in safety and treating the post. In September 2012, an accident occurred in Gu-mi involving hydrofluoric acid leak demonstrates the absence of safety management. Due to the incident, the government, industry and academia have been interested in chemical substances(toxic gas), and the government-led safety management has been established and implemented, but there are still a lot of safety blind spots. The purpose of this study is to develop effective measurement methods for the destruction or removal efficiency of gaseous materials emitted from the Scrubber used in the semiconductor and display industries. Also, this study demonstrated how toxic gas facilities can be applied without error by verification test for the measurement method guideline of the destruction or removal efficiency of the green-house gas reduction facility in the semiconductor and display industries used by the National Institute of Environmental Research and the UNFCCC, and suggested the differentiated measurement methods for toxic gas reduction facilities, and the third party certification for safety facilities is needed to prevent toxic gas accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.940-945
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• 1995

The SS-epm(N,N '-bis-[2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine) ligand having stereospecificity has been prepared and reacted with $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ or trans-$[Co(pyridine)_4Cl_2]Cl.$ The resultants are green crystals, both of which are identified to be trans-$[Co(SS-epm)Cl_2]_2(COCl_4)$ by elemental analysis and absorption spectra. CD spectrum of trans complex shows negative (-) cotton effect at long wavelength due to the vicinal effect of the stereospecifically chelated ligands. The conformation of SS-epm in trans complex is ${\delta}{\lambda}{\delta}$(SRRS) for each of the five membered chelated ring. $Co(II)Cl_4^{2-}$ as counter ion plays an importance role in the ionic association of the formation of trans complex with SS-epm. Furthermore, according to orientation of secondary amine, total strain energy on each isomers was calculated by molecular mechanics (MM) to verify structural characterization and spectral data.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2015

As an effort to increase the use of tomato as a food ingredient, this study prepared noodle with adding tomato powder and measured its quality characteristics. In the noodle containing tomato powder (0.5~2% of flour in volume), the water content was lower in the 1.5% and 2% tomato powder addition groups, and with increase in the tomato powder addition ratio the crude protein content and the crude fat content decreased and the carbohydrate content increased. The weight and volume of boiled noodle decreased with increase in the tomato powder addition ratio, and the pH of the water that boiled the noodle decreased and its turbidity increased with increase in the tomato powder addition ratio. Value L went down, and as to value a, the tendency of (-) green was stronger in the tomato powder addition groups than in the control. In addition, value b went up with increase in the tomato powder addition ratio. All the measurements of mechanical texture became significantly higher with increase in the tomato powder addition ratio, and DPPH radical scavenging activity and the total polyphenol content also went up. As to sensory palatability, the tomato powder addition groups were significantly higher than the control group in color, chewiness, and overall palatability. Specifically, palatability in terms of color and chewiness was highest in the 1.5% and 2% tomato powder addition groups, and overall palatability was highest in the 1.5% tomato powder addition group.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

We studied that the effect of stocking density on growth and survival rate of the scallop, Chlamys farreri (initial shell height 32.97 mm and total weight 5.63 g) from June 2002 to October 2003 in the west coast of Korea. C. farreri is usually the west coast of Korea and northern China in the natural habitat of the coastal species. Range of surface water temperature in the study area was $4.3^{\circ}C$ to $25.3^{\circ}C$, salinity 29.2 psu to 32.1 psu, dissolved oxygen 5.32 mg/L to 7.51 mg/L and pH was 7.84 to 8.12, respectively. The stocking densities were 20, 30, 40 and 50 individuals per a compartment of suspension cage in culture beginning. After 16 months from initiation, ranges of shell height and mean total weight were from 64.35 mm to 76.23 mm and from 41.53 g to 64.85 g. The survival rate was from 82% to 100%. The growth rate of the scallop was negatively correlated with the stocking density. The growth of the shell height and total weight were decreased with decreasing of water temperature. Most of mortality of scallop occurred during March to April and September to October. Survival rate in the stocking density was decreased by density increase and was highest in 20 individual a compartment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.834-841
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extracts of Ligularia fischeri cultivated in Youngyanggun. We obtained hot water extract (HWE) and cold water extract (CWE) from L. fischeri. The anti-oxidative activities of L. fischeri extracts were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of L. fischeri were evaluated in human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate plus A23187 (PMACI). The solid yields of HWE was 150% higher than CWE solid yield. Total polyphenol contents of HWE were $198.07{\pm}0.24mg/g$. The value of anti-oxidative activities of HWE were shown $IC_{50}$ $28.2{\pm}0.04ug/mL$. We showed that HWE significantly reduced the PMACI-induced the production of IL-6 (0.01-1 mg/mL), IL-8 (0.1-1 mg/mL), and $TNF-{\alpha}$ (0.01-1 mg/mL). These results indicate that the HWE of L. fischeri can be used as a functional material due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1697-1703
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• 2012

Obesity is a risk factor for numerous metabolic diseases. Recently, naturally occurring compounds that may improve obesity have received increasing attention. Xanthigen is a mixture of fucoxanthin and punicic acid derived from brown seaweed and pomegranate seed, respectively, which have been traditionally used for lipid-lowering effects in humans. In this study, we investigated whether Xanthigen attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice. The mice were fed on a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus 1% Xanthigen or HFD plus 1% green tea extract (GTE) for 11 weeks. Food efficiency ratio (FER) and body weight were significantly reduced in mice fed HFD plus Xanthigen compared to HFD-fed mice. Consistent with the results in body weight change, Xanthigen also significantly decreased the weights of epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and liver in HFD plus 1% Xanthigen-fed mice. The serum level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was significantly decreased in HFD plus Xanthigen-fed mice compared to HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that Xanthigen may be useful in the development of a functional health food for anti-obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 2007

This study focused on the properties natural dyeing and natural material and on the development of functional material for well-being in apparel industry. Comus officinalis Siebold et Zuccarini is used as natural dyeing material which had been reported that have curable effect for unbalanced immunity, geriatric diseases like urinary tract system, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, tinnitus, hyperhidrosis and women's diseases like hypermenorrhea. And this material also has anti-cancer effect so that can restraint cancer cells. 3 kinds tester of cotton, wool and silk are dyed by boiled with each dye (flower, fruits, bark of tree) as first dyeing and dried in the shade. These testers are done by post-mordanting method. Aluminium Potassium(Alk(SO4)2), Cuprie Sulfate($CuSO4{\cdot}5H2O$), Stannous Chloride($SnCl2{\cdot}2H2O$), Ferrous Sulfate($FeCl2{\cdot}4H2O$), Titanium Sulfate 24% aqueous solution(Ti(SO4)2) are used as mordants. Dyeing results of Comus officinalis Siebold et Zuccarini flower and bark are shown as yellow color series. And dyeing result of fruits is pink color series. Silk shows the best dyeing property. As the point of view for dyeing property, Ti, Sn, Fe would be the properchoice for mordant. Following results are extracted in this study. Yellow color is resulted in dyeing with Cornus officinalis flower as non-mordanting condition. Yellowish red color is come from dyeing with Comus officinalis fruit as non-mordanting condition. Grayish yellow tone is resulted in dyeing with bark as non-mordanting condition. Orange tone color with Ti-mordanting, green tone color with Sn-mordanting and gray tone color with Fe-mordanting is resulted respectively. However light-fastness of Comus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is very low as 1 or 2 level in non-mordanting condition, Comus officinalis flower dyeing is turned out 3 or 4 level and fruit dyeing is 4 or 5 level, bark dyeing is 2 or 3 level with Ti-mordanting respectively. Eventually Comus officinalis fruit has the best light-colorfastness property among all of dyes. dry cleaning colorfastness of Cornus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is good as 4 or 5 level in Ti-mordanting condition, perspiration-colorfastness of Cornus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is good as 4 or 5 level in Ti-mordanting condition, With these results, this study could conclude that dye-ability, colorfastness problem is getting better after mordanting process and practical usage would be possible.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.136-143
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• 2015

Snow-melting system has been applied not only to roads for car traffic but also to pavement for the pedestrians safety reason in some of the developed countries such as USA and Canada based on countermeasures against Natural Disasters Act revised in 2000. Even though this system was introduced in korea in 2006 and has been partly applied to car traffic roads, there is few places that the system has been applied. Therefore, in this research a snow-melting system with a block-type to cover a pavement that efficiently transfers heat form heat rays to the top of a pavement and protects the heat rays. A quality check showed that compression and bending strength was improved approximately 5 times stronger and 7 to 10 times more absorption rate than the KS(Korea Industrial Standard) requirement. Moreover, only 10 minute was required to increase temperature above zero with a block-type snow-melting system whereas approximately 180 minute was spent with the existing system. This research is expected to contribute to environmental issues and reduce accidents on a slippery road.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.124-135
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• 2015

As many countries have been raising awareness of environmental issues, greater efforts for eco-friendly construction have been made in both governmental and private sectors. However, assessment circumstances for building energy performance and green building standard of legislation are still based on two dimension and handwork. This takes time, cost and labor, and makes assessment inaccurate and inefficient. Therefore, this study suggests methods to improve eco-friendly construction permission process and to automatize open BIM-based assessment of Energy Performance Index (EPI) among several eco-friendly construction certification standards. First, it analyzes the relations between assessment criteria and IFC data, and provides solutions to problems and limitations. Second, it applies the solutions to assessment program in order to automatize open BIM-based assessment for EPI. The eco-friendly construction permission process with these solutions applied will reduce time, cost, and labor by simplifying and automatizing the tasks. Also, the simplified process of design revision will improve not only productivity and efficiency but also accuracy and reliability.