• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.322-330
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• 2003

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis has recently attracted great inter-est due to its large amounts of ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, 3,3'-dihydroxy-${\beta}$,${\beta}$-carotene-4,4'-dione, widely used commercially as a source of pigment for aquaculture. In the life cycle of H. pluvialis, astaxanthin biosynthesis is associated with a remarkable morphological change from green motile vegetative cells into red immotile cyst cells as the resting stage. In recent years we have studied this morphological process from two aspects: defining conditions governing astaxanthin biosynthesis and questioning the possible function of astaxanthin in protecting algal cells against environmental stress. Astaxanthin accumulation in cysts was induced by a variety of environmental conditions of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, intense light, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. In the adaptation to stress, abscisic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, would function as a hormone in algal morphogenesis from veget ative to cyst cells. Furthermore, measurements of both in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activities of astaxanthin clearly demonstrated that tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species is greater in astaxanthin-rich cysts than in astaxanthin-poor cysts or astaxanthin-less vegetative cells. Therefore, reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of both algal morph O-genesis and carotenogenesis, and the accumulated astaxanthin in cysts can function as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage. In this study, the physiological roles of astaxanthin in stress response and cell protection are reviewed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 1999

This paper deals with the industrial problem of thermal striping damage on the French prototype fast breeder reactor, Phenix and it was studied in coordination with the research program of IAEA. The thermomechanical and fracture mechanics evaluation procedure of thermal striping damage on the tee-junction of the secondary piping using Green's function method and standard FEM is presented. The thermohydraulic(T/H) loading condition used in the present analysis is the random type thermal loads computed by T/H analysis on the turbulent mixing of the two flows with different temperatures. The thermomechanical fatigue damage was evaluated according to ASME code section 111 subsection NH. The results of the fatigue analysis showed that fatigue failure would occur at the welded joint within 90,000 hours of operation. The assessment for the fracture behavior of the welded joint showed that the crack would be initiated at an early stage in the operation. It took 42,698.9 hours for the crack to propagate up to 5 mm along the thickness direction. After then, however, the instability analysis, using tearing modulus, showed that the crack would be arrested, which was in agreement with the actual observation of the crack. An efficient analysis procedure using Green's function approach for the crack propagation problem under random type load was proposed in this study. The analysis results showed good agreement with those of the practical observations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.23-31
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• 2000

In the layered medium, infinite Sommerfeld integral must be evaluated to calculate a space domain Green's function. The complex image method and the two-level method provide rapid calculation and accurate solutions in the near-field region. However, in the intermediate and far-field region, the solutions are inaccurate due to the deformation of the sampling contour. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate an accurate closed-form Green's function for coplanar structure by sampling data on the real axis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

About 40% of reactors in the world are being operated beyond design life or are approaching the end of their life cycle. During long-term operation, various degradation mechanisms occur. Fatigue caused by alternating operational stresses in terms of temperature or pressure change is an important damage mechanism in continued operation of nuclear power plants. To monitor the fatigue damage of components, Fatigue Monitoring System (FMS) has been installed. Most FMSs have used Green's Function Approach (GFA) to calculate the thermal stresses rapidly. However, if temperature-dependent material properties are used in a detailed FEM, there is a maximum peak stress discrepancy between a conventional GFA and a detailed FEM because constant material properties are used in a conventional method. Therefore, if a conventional method is used in the fatigue evaluation, thermal stresses for various operating cycles may be calculated incorrectly and it may lead to an unreliable estimation. So, in this paper, the modified GFA which can consider temperature-dependent material properties is proposed by using an artificial neural network and weight factor. To verify the proposed method, thermal stresses by the new method are compared with those by FEM. Finally, pros and cons of the new method as well as technical findings from the assessment are discussed.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2021

An accurate evaluation of three-dimensional (3D) Time-Domain Green Function (TDGF) in infinite water depth is essential for ship's hydrodynamic analysis. Various numerical algorithms based on the TDGF properties are considered, including the ascending series expansion at small time parameter, the asymptotic expansion at large time parameter and the Taylor series expansion combines with ordinary differential equation for the time domain analysis. An efficient method (referred as "Present Method") for a better accuracy evaluation of TDGF has been proposed. The numerical results generated from precise integration method and analytical solution of Shan et al. (2019) revealed that the "Present method" provides a better solution in the computational domain. The comparison of the heave hydrodynamic coefficients in solving the radiation problem of a hemisphere at zero speed between the "Present method" and the analytical solutions proposed by Hulme (1982) showed that the difference of result is small, less than 3%.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.260-277
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• 2021

The appropriate radiation conditions of ship motion problem with advancing speed in frequency domain are investigated from a theoretical and practical point of view. From extensive numerical experiments that have been conducted for evaluation of the relevant radiation conditions, a hybrid radiation technique is proposed in which the Sommerfeld radiation condition and the free surface damping are mixed. Based on the comparison with the results of the translating and pulsating Green function method, the optimal damping factor of the hybrid radiation technique is selected, and the observed limitations of the proposed hybrid radiation technique are discussed, along with its accuracy obtained from the numerical solutions. Comparative studies of the forward-speed seakeeping prediction methods available confirm that the results of applying the hybrid radiation technique are relatively similar to those obtained from the translating and pulsating Green function method. This confirmation is made in comparisons with the results of solely applying either the free surface damping, or the Sommerfeld radiation condition. By applying the proposed hybrid radiation technique, the wave patterns, hydrodynamic coefficients, and motion responses of the Wigley III hull are finally calculated, and compared with those of model tests. It is found that, in comparison with the model test results, the three-dimensional Rankine source method adopting the proposed hybrid radiation technique is more robust in terms of accuracy and numerical stability, as well as in obtaining the forward speed seakeeping solution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.115-120
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• 2000

The analysis of flux distribution under stead-state in large power reactors with assymetry reactivity insertions requires the use of three-dimensional diffusion calculations. For the purpose, consistently formulated modern nodal methods based on higher order interface techniques have become popular tools for flux distributions in large commercial nuclear reactors. Among the earlier developments, the nodal Green's function method obtains its nodal interface equation from the transverse-integrated integral diffusion equation using a finite-medium Green's function. In this method, the outgoing current from a node surface is formulated as a response of the incoming currents and the spatially integrated neutron source within the same node. The well-known nodal expansion method is also based on an interface partial current formulation. Nodal methods high-level interface variables, i.e., interface net current and flux, may be more computationally efficient than the nodal Green's function method because they have one fewer unknown per interface. The Analytic Nodal Method(ANM), which can be classified as an interface net current technique and, was faster in solving some standard benchmark problems than the other two methods.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.397-398
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• 2013

Fairchild Green Mode off line buck switch for low standby power consumption and high reliability is presented. By reducing operating current and optimizing switching frequency, 20mW power consumption is achieved. High performance trans-conductance amplifier and green mode function improve the ripple and regulation in the output voltage. The conventional $FPS^{TM}$ buck and novel Fairchild buck switch are compared to show the improvement of performance. Experimental results are showed using 2W evaluation board.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) signal planned for future Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provided better positioning accuracy and smaller multipath error than GPS C/A signal. However, due to the multiple side peaks in the auto-correlation function (ACF) of the BOC modulated signals, a receiver may false lock onto one of the side peaks in the tracking mode. This false lock would then result in a fatal tracking error. In this paper, we propose an unambiguous tracking method for composite BOC (CBOC) signals to mitigate this problem. It aims to reduce the side peaks of the ACF of CBOC modulated signals. It is based on the combination of traditional CBOC correlation function (CF) and reference CF of unmodulated pseudo- random noise code (PRN code). First, we present that cross-correlation function (CCF) with unmodulated PRN code is close to the secondary peaks of the traditional CBOC. Then, we obtain an unambiguous correlation function by subtracting traditional CBOC ACF from these CFs. Finally, the tracking performance for the CBOC signals is examined, and it is shown that the proposed method has better performance than the traditional unambiguous tracking method in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.647-655
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• 2015

In this study, to targeting Songpa of Seoul, were analyzed the effect on the noise mitigation in roadside buffer green spaces. Noise of Songpa Street buffer green space was determined to be higher during the day than at night. In addition, it was most of 60 db or more. However, the noise reduction function of the buffer green was not greatly affected by time. In the case of noise reduction rate, during the day time it was the order of the mounding type (18.14%)> plain type (5.73%)> slope type (4.08%), And, in the case of night time, it was the order of the mounding type (11.29%)> slope type (10.22%)> plain type (4.42%). Noise reduction rate, all of the daytime, was the highest in the mounding type. As a result of the factors on the amount of reduction of noise, More physical structure is mounding type, green structure is the stratification of green space, and the number of individuals is large, the higher the tree planting density, it is determined that the noise reduction effect is high. Also, factors affecting the noise reduction effect of the day and night were different.