• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2022

Objective: This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of pasture (PA) feeding on buffalo meat quality compared with buffaloes reared intensively with the use of corn silage as a forage base or alternatively with polyphite meadow hay (PH). Methods: Thirty Mediterranean bull buffaloes were distributed into three experimental diet groups: maize silage (MS), PH, and PA. The animals were slaughtered at a live weight of 250 kg, and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. After 7 days of ageing, physical and chemical parameters of longissimus thoracis muscle were determined. To evaluate lipid oxidation the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was tested at 7 and 14 days, and also the fatty acid profile was recorded by gas chromatography. Results: The PA group, even if it showed carcass parameters lower than those of the silage maize group, reported a good meat percentage (60.59% vs 58.46%, respectively) and lower fat percentage (p<0.001). PA-fed animals showed meat redness, and even if only on raw meat, shear force was higher than the others. Low values of conjugate linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-3 were reported in the silage maize group. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed the influence of different diets on meat quality, and PCA1 and PCA2 explained 82% of the variability. Conclusion: Buffaloes reared on PA had meat with high nutritional value even if they showed poor carcass performance compared to the animals fed on MS. Buffaloes fed on polyphite hay were in an intermediate position, similar to grazing animals, according to the same nutritional determinations.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권E호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

Three types of land use were investigated to describe the effect of land use on both surface and ground water quality. Typical land uses of a grazing pasture, Sudan grass field and paddy in Kangwon province were selected and flumes and monitoring wells were installed. Land managements were carefully monitored, water samples were collected periodically and analyzed with respect to nitrate, TP and TKN at a laboratory of Kangwon Provincial Institute of Health and Environment from August, 1993 to May, 1994. Runoff from the pasture was formed mostly with seeping subsurface flow in the lower areas of the pasture. A few overland flows were observed during heavy storms, and when it occurred, runoff increased sharply. For the Sudan grass field, runoff was formed with overland flow. Nitrate concentration in runoff from both land uses seemed not affected by runoff and ranged from 0.241 to 4.137mg'/1. TP and TKN concentrations from the pasture were affected by overland flow. When overland flow occurred, TP and TKN concentrations abruptly increased to 5.726 and 12.841mg/1, respectively, from less than 1.0mg/l. However, these concentrations from the Sudan grass field were quite stable ranging from 0.191 to 0.674mg/l for TP and 0A70 and 1.650mg/l for TKN. Nitrate concentration was significantly affected by land use(Sudan grass field) and the concentration increase reached about 2mg/l per lOOm ground water flow. Nitrate concentration from a well located in the middle of rice fields also was significantly higher than that measured from a well located relatively undisturbed mountain toe area. TP and TKN concentrations in shallow ground water affected by the depth of the monitoring wells. The deeper the monitoring wells, the less TP and TKN concentrations were measured.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2002

The alkanes in plant materials can potentially be used as markers to estimate composition and digestibility of diet of deer for the development of feeding strategies, but the analysis of alkanes in plant materials and deer faeces is time-consuming and expensive. In this study, 242 faecal samples and 119 pasture samples were scanned using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and the concentrations of alkanes in these samples were analysed to develop calibrations for predicting alkane concentrations in pastures and deer faeces. The $R^2$ values for NIR calibrations were <0.6 for $C_{24}$, $C_{26}$, $C_{32}$ and $C_{36}$, but were >0.8 for other alkanes for faecal samples. The $R^2$ values were >0.87 for alkanes with chains from $C_{27}$ to C35 for pasture samples. However, NIR was unable to predict concentrations of alkanes with chains of $C_{24}$, $C_{26}$, $C_{32}$ and $C_{36}$ in faecal samples and $C_{24}$, C25, $C_{26}$ and $C_{36}$ in pasture samples. While the use of these NIR calibrations will accelerate the estimation of diet digestibility, dietary components and botanical composition of pastures, the influence of the type of pasture on NIR calibration will require further examination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.577-582
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• 1996

In order to investigate the relationship between daily herbage allowance (DHA) and daily herbage intake (DHI) on the points of leaf and stem masses, grazing experiments were carried out on the pasture of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The experiments consisted of four 3-days' grazing periods which were from August 14 to 17, August 17 to 20, October 12 to 15 and October 15 to 18 in 1990. The value of DHA was 32.1 to 84.3, and the value of DHI was 9.9 to 27.0. The index of leafiness (leaf to stem ratio, LSR) was 0.74 to 3.06. The relationship between DHI and DHA was quadratic. Both relationship of daily leaf intake (DLI) to daily leaf allowance (DLA) and that of daily stem intake (DSI) to daily stem allowance (DSA) were likely to be asymptotic forms, although DHI did not show any significant relationships to DLA nor to DSA. The relationship between DLI and LSR was quadratic, and a negative relationship was found between DSI and LSR. From the relationship of DLI to LSR and that of DSI to LSR, the relationship of daily intake of leaf and stem (DLSI) to LSR was derived as quadratic and the LSR value at which the maximum DLSI was attained was estimated. The DHA, DHI, DLA, DLI, DSA, DSI and DLAI were expressed as the same unit of g/kg live body weight/day.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1985

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 비음(庇陰)(Light: 100, 80, 60, 40, 20%) 및 시비(施肥) (다비(多肥); N30kg-$P_2O_5\;35kg-K_2O\;30kg$, 보비(普肥); N20kg-$P_2O_5\;25kg-K_2O\;20kg$, 소비(少肥); N10kg-$P_2O_5\;15kg-K_2O\;10kg$) 조건하(條件下)에서 재배(栽培)된 혼합목초(混合牧草) 및 orchardgrass와 나지(裸地)에서 재배(栽培)된 혼합목초(混合牧草) 및 혼합야초(混合野草)를 재래산양(山羊)에 공시(供試)하여 비음(庇陰)이 채식기호성(採食嗜好性)에 미치는 영향과, 비음도(庇陰度) 50%의 임간초지(林間草地)와 나지초지(裸地草地)에서 재래산양을 공시하여 비음(庇陰)이 방목습성(放牧習性)에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)은 $1983{\sim}1984$년 까지 충남대학교 시험포장에서 실시되었으며 얻어진 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 임간재배(林間栽培) 목초(牧草)의 건물(乾物)섭취량, R.I.I 및 Touch number는 비음도(庇陰度) 및 시비수준(施肥水準)에 따라 영향을 받았으며 비음도(庇陰度) 및 시비수준(施肥水準)이 증가함에 따라 $NO_3-N$(%)가 증가된 반면에 soluble carbohydrate(%)는 감소되는 경향이었다. 따라서 임간초지(林間草地)에서는 가축(家畜)의 기호성(嗜好性) 감소에 따른 초지이용(草地利用)의 저하가 염려되며 특히 비음도(庇陰度) 60% 및 다비조건하(多肥條件下)에서는 nitrate stress가 예상된다. 2. 임간초지(林間草地)의 방목습성(放牧習性)은 일반초지(一般草地)에 비하여 채식시간(採食時間)이 증가되고 일중(日中)의 주(主) 채식시간(採食時間)도 편중됨이 없이 계속해서 채식하는 경향을 나타낸다. 따라서 임간초지(林間草地)의 이용(利用)은 비음(庇陰)의 특성(特性)을 고려하여 8월(月) 고온기(高溫期) 집중이용(集中利用)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이라 생각된다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2002

이 연구는 산림확립 기원이 같지만, 수목 존치 후, 방목을 목적으로 목초지 조성을위해 많은 임목을 벌채한 방목지와 산림이 조성된 후 자연적인 천이가 진행되고 있는 방목지 주변 산림지역을 대상으로 수종 구성 및 임목 제원을 파악하고, 임목의 생육상태를 비교하기 위해 수행되었으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 임목 존치 방목지와 산림지역에서는 각각 9개의 교목수종이 출현하고 있으며, 이 중 7개 수종이 방목지와 산림지역 모두에서 출현하는 것으로 파악되었으나, 밀도 및 출현빈도 등 수종구성의 차이는 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2.㏊당 임목수는 방목지역이 71본, 산림지역이 1,433본으로 큰 차이를 보였고, 임목들의 연륜폭과 생장상태를 고려할 때 1996년의 벌채당시 생장이 좋았던 우량목만을 잔존시켰던 것으로 예측되었다. 3. 방목지에서 임목의 평균직경과 평균수고 및 흉고단면적은 주변 활엽수림의 임목보다 높았으며, 재적 생장의 경우, 방목지는 높은 평균직경과 평균수고에도 불구하고, ㏊당 재적이 주변 활엽수림의 15％에도 미치지 못했다. 4. 방목지는 잔존목들에게 충분한 생육공간을 제공함으로써 직경 및 흉고단면적 생장을 양호하게 이끌었지만, 임목들의 계신에 의한 수관폭 확장에도 영향을 미쳤다. 그러므로 향후의 연구에서는 ㏊당 적정 잔존 본수에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.547-554
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• 1994

This paper presents the effects of supplementary feeding and internal parasites on the growth rates of female weaner goats raised under improved management. A completely randomized $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial design was used. Factors were genotype (Thai native: TN, 75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian: An and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN), feeding grazing only, low (1.0% BW/d) and high (1.5% BW/d) supplementation and parasite control (undrenched and drenched). It was shown that native goats had significantly (p<0.05) higher growth rates than did the cross-bred goats from 12-24 weeks of the trial. The growth rate of goats grazing improved pasture depended on the amount of concentrate offered as a supplement. There was no significant difference in growth rates between undrenched and drenched goats. There was no interaction effect on growth rates between the treatments. Drenched goats had significantly (p<0.01) lower egg counts per gram of gastro-intestinal nematode than did undrenched goats. There was no significant difference between the treatments for blood constituents (total protein, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2009

본 연구는 2007년 6월 23일부터 6월 29일까지 제주도에 위치한 말 목장의 방목지에서 말의 연령에 따른 군별 행동양식을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 공시마는 육성마군 3세 11두, 육성마군 1세 12두를 대상으로 행동을 조사하였다. 연령에 따른 행동의 차이가 약간 나타나 육성마(1세) 군에서는 채식이 56%, 기립 23%, 횡와 10%, 보행 5%, 러닝 2.5%, 음수가 3%였다. 육성마 1세의 3두의 개체별 행동발현은 개체차이가 나타났으며 비율의 평균은 채식이 53%, 기립이 29%, 횡와 11%, 보행 5%, 음수 1%, 러닝 1%를 나타내었다. 육성마(3세) 군에서는 채식 54%, 기립 27%, 보행 13%, 러닝과 음수가 1.5%, 횡와가 1% 였다. 육성마 3세의 개체별 발현 비율 평균은 채식이 53%, 기립 32%, 보행 10%, running과 음수행동이 각각 1%였다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 생산되는 경주마의 방목행동에 관한 최초의 연구라고 생각된다. 이 자료가 충분할 수는 없으나 이를 기반으로 경주마를 생산, 육성할 때 사양관리에 도움이 되고 앞으로 연구의 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2007

본 연구는 제주지역에서 말 방목에 적합한 혼파조합을 선발하기 위해 해발 450m에 위치한 한국마사회 경주마육성목장에서 티모시, 오차드그라슨 페레니얼 라이그라스 화본과 위주 초종으로 혼파 파종하여 2년 간 말(더러브렛)을 방목하면서 목초생산성, 식생변화 및 채식율 변화 등을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 연간 총 건물생산량은 1, 2차년도에 관계없이 혼파조합 간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 시기별에 따라 생산량 차이를 보였다. 식생은 페레니얼 라이그라스가 봄철 크게 우점현상을 보였으나 여름철에는 하고 현상으로 식생구성이 낮게 나타났다. 방목 첫 해 티모시는 식생비율이 낮았으나, 그 후에는 연중 적절한 식생 구성을 보였다. 채식율은 티모시 주초종에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 식물체 NDF, ADF, Ca 및 P 함량은 처리 간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과 제주지역(해발 400m 내외)애서 티모시 주초종(ha 당 티모시 20, 오차드그리스 5, 페레니얼 라이그라스 5, 화이트클로버 2kg)의 혼파조합은 시기별 생산성과 기호성을 고려할 때 말 방목초지로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1466-1472
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• 2008

Variations in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations in Holstein dairy cows milk, depending on feeding systems in different seasons was investigated. Milk samples were collected from Holstein dairy cows, which either grazed for whole days (WG), only daylight hours (TG), or were offered a total mixed ration (TMR) and experienced no grazing (NG), from April to December of 2005. In April, November and December, the cows in TG and WG treatments received grass silage and some concentrate, while from May to October, the cows grazed on temperate pasture. The cows in NG treatment received the TMR throughout the season. The major fatty acid obtained in the pastures was linolenic acid. There was no significant difference in the pasture's linolenic acid concentrations from May to September, but there was a significant decrease in October. However, the linolenic acid concentrations obtained in the pasture were always much higher than those obtained from the TMR. Linoleic acid was also the major fatty acid in the TMR, but these concentrations were higher in the TMR than in the pasture. There was no significant difference in milk cis9trans11CLA (c9t11CLA) concentrations between the three feeding systems while the cows were fed on conserved pasture in April, November and December. Although c9t11CLA concentrations were lower in the TMR, it was found that the cows which grazed in fresh pasture experienced significantly higher concentrations of c9t11CLA in their milk than those which received only TMR. It was also found that cows in the WG treatment experienced higher c9t11CLA concentrations than those in the TG treatment. In the WG and TG treatments, c9t11CLA concentrations were highest in June, after which, they gradually decreased (p<0.01) until October. For the NG treatment, there was no significant change in the concentrations of c9t11CLA (p>0.05) with season. Overall, trans11C18:1 and c9t11CLA were greatly influenced by season, with higher variation in the WG treatment than in the TG treatment and no variation in the NG treatment.