• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_3
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• pp.1383-1398
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• 2018

Sea surface wind is one of the most fundamental variables for understanding diverse marine phenomena. Although scatterometers have produced global wind field data since the early 1990's, the data has been used limitedly in oceanic applications due to it slow spatial resolution, especially at coastal regions. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is capable to produce high resolution wind field data. KOMPSAT-5 is the first Korean satellite equipped with X-band SAR instrument and is able to retrieve the sea surface wind. This study presents the validation results of sea surface wind derived from the KOMPSAT-5 backscattering coefficient data for the first time. We collected 18 KOMPSAT-5 ES mode data to produce a matchup database collocated with buoy stations. In order to calculate the accurate wind speed, we preprocessed the SAR data, including land masking, speckle noise reduction, and ship detection, and converted the in-situ wind to 10-m neutral wind as reference wind data using Liu-Katsaros-Businger (LKB) model. The sea surface winds based on XMOD2 show root-mean-square errors of about $2.41-2.74m\;s^{-1}$ depending on backscattering coefficient conversion equations. In-depth analyses on the wind speed errors derived from KOMPSAT-5 backscattering coefficient data reveal the existence of diverse potential error factors such as image quality related to range ambiguity, discrete and discontinuous distribution of incidence angle, change in marine atmospheric environment, impacts on atmospheric gravity waves, ocean wave spectrum, and internal wave.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.192-199
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• 2020

The blower erosion phenomenon was investigated to develop a long-life blower with a volume flow rate of 10,000 ㎥/min with the required total pressure efficiency of 83% or more. The blower performance and blower erosion were predicted through numerical analysis by computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The conditions used for numerical analysis were an air volume of 16,200 ㎥/min, a rotation speed of 893 rpm, and a temperature of 330℃. The specific gravity, particle size, and amount of the dust was 3.15, 90 ㎛~212 ㎛, and is 265 kg/min, respectively. To examine the effects of a dust deflector on erosion, erosion analysis was performed by comparing the models with and without a dust deflector. Numerical analysis showed that when the dust deflector is installed, the average tended to decrease by 167% in the impeller and 133% in the boss. CFD using the Finne's model for erosion revealed a parallel restitution coefficient of 1 and a perpendicular restitution coefficient of 0.1. The blower performance of case 5 was 691.7 mmAq, and the efficiency was 83.3% when the rotation speed and the air volume flow rate were 880 rpm and 16,200 ㎥/min, respectively.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.53
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• pp.101-125
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• 2020

This paper presents the problems and improvement methods in estimating demand and benefit, which have been controversial in the feasibility study of building cultural facilities. Although there are justifications for supplying cultural facilities by expanding leisure time and increasing income, the economic burden from the insolvent operation after construction is high. Feasibility studies can prevent these problems in advance. In order to estimate the demand for cultural facilities, similar facilities were selected and the gravity model was used to estimate the demand. In the future, it is necessary to prepare the criteria for setting the reference facility to increase the accuracy of the demand estimation. In addition, in the case of cultural facilities constructed through feasibility study, it is necessary to induce and enforce the disclosure of operational data and information, and to establish a database so that it can be used as a reference facility for demand estimation in future feasibility study on cultural facility. Accurate benefit estimation requires multiple CVM surveys. In addition to the current CVM survey, this paper suggest that supplementary online non-face-to-face surveys is considered. Furthermore, this research suggests that the use of video media for explanation of alternative materials for cultural facilities to be constructed because the WTP may be excessive due to lack of alternatives for survey respondents in the current CVM survey.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.269-285
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• 2022

The interaction between ocean and ice shelf is a critical physical process in relation to water mass transformations and ice shelf melting/freezing at the ocean-ice interface. However, it remains challenging to thoroughly understand the process due to a lack of observational data with respect to ice shelf cavities. This is the first study to simulate the variability and circulation of water mass both overlying the continental shelf and underneath an ice shelf and an ice tongue in the Terra Nova Bay (TNB), East Antarctica. To explore the properties of water mass and circulation patterns in the TNB and the corresponding effects on sub ice shelf basal melting, we explicitly incorporate the dynamic-thermodynamic processes acting on the ice shelf in the Regional Ocean Modeling System. The simulated water mass formation and circulation in the TNB region agree well with previous studies. The model results show that the TNB circulation is dominated by the geostrophic currents driven by lateral density gradients induced by the releasing of brine or freshwater at the polynya of the TNB. Meanwhile, the circulation dynamics in the cavity under the Nansen Ice shelf (NIS) are different from those in the TNB. The gravity-driven bottom current induced by High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) formed at the TNB polynya flows towards the grounding line, and the buoyance-driven flow associated with glacial meltwater generated by the HSSW emerges from the cavity along the ice base. Both current systems compose the thermohaline overturning circulation in the NIS cavity. This study estimates the NIS basal melting rate to be 0.98 m/a, which is comparable to the previously observed melt rate. However, the melting rate shows a significant variation in space and time.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.329-347
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• 2020

When a person suggests an estimate under uncertainty, (s)he tend to rely on the information and number provided in advance. As a result, their final estimate would be assimilated to the initial value. This phenomenon is called "anchoring effect". The present research examined anchoring effects observed in law courts. Sentencing decision of jurors can be influenced by the sentence demanded by the prosecutor. Specifically, this study demonstrated the condition in which anchoring effect would be stronger and practical solutions for lowering anchoring effect. Study 1 demonstrated whether gravity of criminal cases and levels of anchor influenced anchoring effects. As expected, anchoring effect was stronger in a heavier criminal case than in a lighter one. When a low anchor was provided in a lighter case, anchoring effect was stronger compared to when a high anchor was provided. Study 2 examined how emotion affects anchoring effects. The results showed that anchoring effect appeared to be significantly stronger with feelings of anger than of sadness. Study 3 examined the solution for reducing anchoring effects in a court. When activation of selective-accessibility model was prevented, anchoring effects significantly decreased. These results can help solve the problems about juror judgmental bias and contribute to the development of Korean jury trial.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2023

It is very important to predict the amount of settlement in order to maintain the function of the coastal structure. Finite element analysis methods and real and model experiments are used as methods for this, but this has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of cost and time. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of a simple formula proposal that can easily predict the amount of settlement of the caisson-type quay wall structure. In the research process, after calculating the PSI (Power Spectrum Intensity) of the velocity, the amount of settlement of the structure is calculated by substituting it into the simple formula of the existing gravity breakwater. By comparing and analyzing the amount of settlement of the structure obtained through numerical analysis, it was confirmed that the error between the amount of settlement of the existing simple formula and the amount of settlement of the numerical analysis was large, and it was confirmed that the background could not be considered in the case of the existing simple formula. Therefore, this study proposed a correction factor for the background of the quay wall structure, indicating a simple formula that can obtain the amount of settlement of the caisson-type quay wall structure. Compared to the numerical analysis settlement amount, it was judged that this simple formula had sufficient precision in calculating the caisson-type quay wall settlement amount. In addition, facilities vulnerable to earthquake resistance can be easily extracted in situations where time and cost are insufficient, and it is expected to be used as a screening technique.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.283-317
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• 2016

This research is an attempt to detail the multi-layered ethical characteristics of 'mutual beneficence', shown in the principle of 'guarding against self-deception' in Daesoon Thought while focusing on its major differences as well as the similarities with Kantian and Utilitarian ethical views. In these Western ethical perspectives, the concept of self-deception has received a considerable amount of attention, centering on the context of natural rights and contract theory. Meanwhile, in Daesoon Thought, 'guarding against self-deception' is presented as one of the principal objectives as well as the method or deontological ground for practice. It further encompasses the features of virtue ethics oriented toward the perfection of Dao. Here, the deontological aspect is interlinked with the concept of cultivation and the pursuit of ethics and morals. Hence this makes it a necessary condition for achieving the perfection of Dao, and likewise renders the practice of 'guarding against self-deception' more active through facilitating mutual relations based on the expansion model wherein human nature is characterized as possessing innate goodness. With regard to the tenet of 'resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence,' this concept is presented as a positive ground for practicing virtues toward others without forming grudges. Furthermore, as long as it reveals the great principle of humanity built on conscience, it will come to harmonize practitioners with others and spirits in an expression of beneficence. Moreover, originating in the Dao of Deities, guarding against self-deception is expressed as a form of life ethics and can be suggested as a new alternative for the model of virtue ethics proposed by Nussbaum. All in all, there is a natural causal relationship by which 'guarding against self-deception' in accord one's own conscience and the principle of humanity as a pursuit of perfect virtues in Dao result in the fulfillment of mutual beneficence. This readily akin to how gravity causes water to flow from high ground to low ground. Consequently, these relational features of mutual beneficence can serve an effective alternative to the Western ethical views which also address the need to overcome the egoistic mind which is liable to self-interest and alienation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.313-327
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• 2013

In the study, three-dimensional geostatistical simulations on McMurray Formation which is the largest oil sand reservoir in Athabasca area, Canada were performed, and the optimal site for steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) was selected based on the predictions. In the selection, the factors related to the vertical extendibility of steam chamber were considered as the criteria for an optimal site. For the predictions, 110 borehole data acquired from the study area were analyzed in the Markovian transition probability (TP) framework and three-dimensional distributions of the composing media were predicted stochastically through an existing TP based geostatistical model. The potential of a specific medium at a position within the prediction domain was estimated from the ensemble probability based on the multiple realizations. From the ensemble map, the cumulative thickness of the permeable media (i.e. Breccia and Sand) was analyzed and the locations with the highest potential for SAGD applications were delineated. As a supportive criterion for an optimal SAGD site, mean vertical extension of a unit permeable media was also delineated through transition rate based computations. The mean vertical extension of a permeable media show rough agreement with the cumulative thickness in their general distribution. However, the distributions show distinctive disagreement at a few locations where the cumulative thickness was higher due to highly alternating juxtaposition of the permeable and the less permeable media. This observation implies that the cumulative thickness alone may not be a sufficient criterion for an optimal SAGD site and the mean vertical extension of the permeable media needs to be jointly considered for the sound selections.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.179-195
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to provide a proper model by analyzing the sports biomechanical of physical movements on the basis of the two patterns(open-stance and cross-stance) at the ready-to-start pose. The subjects for this study are composed of five male handball players from P university and five female shooting players from S university. Three-way moving actions at start(right, left, and forward) are recorded with two high-speed video cameras and measured with two Force platforms and a EMG system. Three-dimensional action analyzer, GRF system, and Whole body reaction movement system are used to figure out the moving mechanisms at the start pose. The analytic results of the moving mechanism at the start pose were as follows. 1. Through examining the three-way moving actions at start, I have found the cross-stance pose is better for the moving speed of body weight balance than the open-stance one. 175 degree of knee joint angle at "take-off" and 172 degree of hip joint angle were best for the start pose. 2. The Support time and GRF data shows that the quickest center of gravity shift was occurred when cross-stanced male subjects started to move toward his lefthand side. The quickest male's average supporting time of left and right foot is 0.19${\pm}$0.07 sec., 0.26${\pm}$0.06sec. respectively. The supporting time difference between two feet is 0.07sec. 3. Through analyzing GRF of moving actions at start pose, I have concluded that more than 1550N are overloaded on one foot at the open-stance start, and the overloaded force may cause physical injury. However, at the cross-stance pose, The GRF are properly dispersed on both feet, and maximum 1350N are loaded on one foot.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 1987

Head-down tilt (HDT) at $-6^{\circ}$ has been commonly used as the experimental model in both man and animals to induce the blood shift toward the head or central protion of the body, demonstrating similar physiological effect encountered in the weightlessness in the orbital flight. There are few reports about the physiological response upon the cardiovascular regulatory system or the tolerance to the $(-6^{\circ})$ HDT within a relatively short period less than 1 hour. Therefore, the purpose of this study way to observe the effects of $-6^{\circ}$ HDT on cardiovascular system within 30 minutes and to evaluate early regulatory mechanism for simulated hypogravity. Ten mongrel dogs weighing 8-12 kg were anesthetized with the infusion of 1% ${\alpha}-chloralose$ (100 mg/kg) intravenously, and the postural changes were performed from the supine to the $-6^{\circ}$ head-down Position, then from the head-down to the supine (SUP), and each posture was maintained for 30 minutes. Blood flow $({\dot{Q}})$ through common carotid and femoral arteries were determined by the electromagnetic flowmeter. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate , and pH, $P_{O_2}$, $P_{CO_2}$ and hematocrit (Hct) of arterial and venous blood were also measured. The peripheral vascular resistance was calculated by dividing respective MAP values by ${\dot{Q}}$ through both sides of common carotid or femoral arteries. The concentration of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine was determined by Peuler & Johnson's radioenzymatic method. The results are summarized as follows: In the initial 5 minutes in $-6^{\circ}$ HDT, HR was significantly (p<0.05) increased and MAP slightly decreased. Although ${\dot{Q}}$ and carotid peripheral artery resistance were not significantly changed, ${\dot{Q}}$ through femoral artery was diminished and femoral peripheral artery resistance was elevated. In the SUP, the initial changes of MAP and HR were increased (p<0.05), but those of ${\dot{Q}}$ and peripheral vascular resistance through both common carotid and femoral arteries were not significant. After 10 minutes of each postural change in both HDT and SUP, MAP was maintained almost equal to that of the level of pretilting control. During 60 minutes of both postural changes of HDT and SUP, $P_{O_2}$ and Hct were not changed significantly. However pH tended to increase slowly and $P_{CO_2}$ was gradually decreased. The pH and $P_{CO_2}$ seemed to be related to the increased respiratory rate. Plasma epinephrine concentration was not changed significantly and plasma norepinephrine concentration was slightly decreased in the course of HDT and also at 10 minutes of SUP. However these concentration changes were statistically insignificant. From these results, it may be concluded that the effect of $-6^{\circ}$ HDT for 30 minutes on the cardiovascular system and plasma catecholamine levels of the dog is minimum and it is suggestive that the cardiovascular regulatory mechanism, possibly mediated by so called gravity receptors including baroreceptor and volume receptor, has been properly and adequately operated.