• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.726-734
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• 2017

This study investigated the meat quality and storage characteristics of pork loin marinated in grape pomace powder during different storage periods. The experimental design included six treatments : pork loin containing only 100% water (Control, C); pork loin containing a combination of 20% grape pomace and 80% water (T1); pork loin containing a combination of 40% grape pomace and 60% water (T2); pork loin containing a combination of 0.5% grape pomace powder and 95.5% water (T3); pork loin containing a combination of 1.0% grape pomace powder and 99.0% water (T4); and pork loin containing a combination of 2.0% grape pomace powder and 98.0% water (T5). The pork loins aged by grape pomace and grape pomace powder showed decreased crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, pH, redness, and yellowness values; however, their moisture, lightness, and shear force increased significantly. During cold storage, marination with grape pomace and grape pomace powder reduced the 2-thiobarbituric acid value, volatile basic nitrogen value, and total microbial count in pork loin. Thus, marination with grape pomace and grape pomace powder improved the meat quality and storage characteristics, and could be used to improve storage stability of pork loin.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing $H_2O_2$ that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 여러 영양성분 및 생리활성 물질 함량이 높은 포도박의 이용가치를 증진시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 Bacillus subtilis(BS), Lactobacillus plantarum(LP), L. casei(LC), Candida utilis(CU), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CHY1011(Y1), S. cerevisiae strain ZP 541(Y2), 혼합 발효(M) 등의 여러 유용 미생물을 이용하여 포도박을 발효시킨 후 미생물별 포도박 발효물에 대한 항산화 활성 변화 및 항균활성을 탐색하였다. 포도박 발효물의 추출수율은 BS(10.74%) 발효물이 가장 높았고, M(9.71%), Y2(9.60%), CU(9.55%), LC(8.68%), Y1(7.49%%), LP(7.36%) 순이었다. 총 phenol 함량 측정 결과 대조군은 발효한 포도박에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 값을 보였으며, 발효 균주 중에서는 LP로 발효한 발효물이 가장 큰 값을 나타내었다. 포도박 발효물의 DPPH radical 소거능을 측정한 결과, 대조군의 $IC_{50}$값이 0.16 mg/mL로 나와 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 포도박 발효물의 경우 LP 발효물이 0.28 mg/mL로 가장 높은 항산화 활성은 나타내었다. ABTS radical 소거능은 대조군의 $IC_{50}$값이 0.22 mg/mL로 가장 높게 나왔고, 포도박 발효물의 경우 LP 발효물이 0.53 mg/mL로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. FRAP value(5 mg/mL)는 LP로 발효한 시료가 2.44 mM로 가장 높게 나왔으나 대조군의 $12.27{\pm}0.16mM$과는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 항균활성은 대조군에서 항균활성을 나타내지 않은데 반해 LC로 발효시킨 포도박 발효액이 5 mg/disc의 농도에서 항균활성에 사용된 모든 균주에 대해 10.5~11 mm의 항균활성을 나타내어 LC배양이 항균활성을 나타내는 물질을 생산해내는 것으로 사료되었다. 따라서 여러 유용미생물을 이용한 포도박 발효의 경우 유산균을 이용한 발효 시 기능성 물질 생산 증진에 우수한 효과를 나타내리라 사료되며, 특히 L. casei를 이용한 포도박 발효는 항균활성과 같은 기능성 증가를, L. plantarum을 이용한 발효는 항산화 활성에 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1416-1423
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the effect of grape pomace powder (GPP), mangosteen peel powder (MPP) and monensin on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, microorganisms, rumen fermentation characteristic, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance in dairy steers. Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers with initial body weight (BW) of $220{\pm}15kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive four treatments. The treatments were as follows: T1 = control, T2 = supplementation with monensin at 33 mg/kg diet, T3 = supplementation with GPP at 2% of dry matter intake, and T4 = supplementation with MPP at 30 g/kg diet. The steers were offered the concentrate diet at 0.2% BW and 3% urea treated rice straw (UTRS) was fed ad libitum. It was found that GPP supplemented group had higher UTRS intake and nutrient digestibility in terms of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber than those in control group (p<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and blood urea-nitrogen concentration were higher in monensin, GPP and MPP supplemented groups (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acids and propionate in the GPP group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05) while acetate concentration, and acetate to propionate ratio were decreased (p<0.01) when steers were supplemented with GPP, monensin, and MPP, respectively. Moreover, protozoal populations in GPP, MPP, and monensin supplementation were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05), while cellulolytic bacterial population was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.05). Nitrogen retention, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were found significantly higher in steers that received GPP (p<0.05). Based on this study it could be concluded that the GPP has potential as an alternative feed supplement in concentrate diets which can result in improved rumen fermentation efficiency, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in steers fed on treated rice straw.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2014

To determine the effects of grape skin and seed pomace (GSP) additions on the lipid oxidation susceptibility and the color change of cooked pork sausages, the chemical characteristics of GSP itself and the addition for two different levels of GSP (0.5 and 1.0% GSP, respectively) to sausages were examined. Both the redness and blueness of the GSP were significantly reduced as the pH level was increased from 5 to 7, but a reverse result was determined in the color tint and yellowness (p<0.05). The GSP polyphenol and flavonoid contents were influenced by the percentages of methanol solvents, and more flavonoids were established when 100% of methanol was applied as a solvent to the GSP. But, similar results were not observed in the polyphenol of GSP. In cooked pork sausages, significant decreases in the lightness and redness were found in both the 0.5% and 1.0% of GSP sausages during the storage period (p<0.05). However, an incompatible effect was observed in terms of yellowness, which increased as compared to the control sausage after 6 days of storage. The 0.5% addition of GSP decreased the levels of TBARS (p<0.05), but the ability of GSP to minimize lipid oxidation was not dose dependent. Therefore, the results indicated that the GSP is an efficient suppressor of lipid oxidation and has latent effects as a natural antioxidant when 0.5% of GSP is added to the cooked pork sausages.