• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 1987

The morphological study on the parenchymal cells in the adult planaria performed to observe their cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics. The results are as follows. Nine types of cells are found in parenchyma. 1. Free parenchymal cell: These cells contain several chromatoid bodies around the nucleus. Heterochromatins are evenly dispersed in large nucleus. These cells are abundant in free ribosomes. 2. Fixed parenchymal cells: These cells have well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi complex but they contain the cytosols exhibiting electron-lucencies. 3. Rhabdite-forming cells: These cells contain the electron-dense rhabdite granules of up to about 0.3 x 0.9 $\mu$m in size. Rhabdite-forming cells have well-developed cell organelles, granular endolplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgy complex. 4. A-type of basophilic granule cells: These cells contain irregularly-shaped granules exhibiting alcianophilia. These granules surrounded by a limited membrane, approximately 1.4 x 0.7 $\mu$m in size, are accumulated in the cytoplasm. 5. C-type of basophilic granule cells: These cells contain electron-dense granules of less than 0.2 $\mu$m in size, which exhibit PAS- positive reaction. This type of granule is also found in the muscle layer of parenchyma. 6. D-type of basophilic granule cells: This type of granule cell occurs only in the parenchyma around reproductive organ. The granules have cytochemical characteristics that they exhibit strongly positive reaction with PAS and weakly eosinophilic property. These electron-dense granules, which are 0.2 to 0.6 $\mu$m in length, have oval shapes. 7. E-type of basophilic granule cells: These cells are found only in the parenchyma around re productive organ. The granules contained in a small number in the cell, exhibit PAS-positive reaction and have an average size of 0. 2pm. 8. Eosinophilic granule cells: These cells contain a large number of eosinophilic granules which have relatively diverse sizes from 0.3 x 0.2 to 0.8 x 0.4 $\mu$m. Most of granules are round or irregularly-shaped and highly electrondense. These cells have an array of well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum of which cisternae are distened. 9. Transparent granule cells contain electron-lucent granules which exhibit negative reactions with three kinds of cytochemical methods used in this experiment.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

In this study, we pursue a new direction for system modeling by introducing the concept of granular models, which produce results in the form of information granules (such as intervals, fuzzy sets, and rough sets). We present a rationale and several key motivating arguments behind the use of granular models and discuss their underlying design processes. The development of the granular model includes optimal allocation of information granularity through optimizing the criteria of coverage and specificity. The emergence and construction of granular models of type-2 and type-n (in general) is discussed. It is shown that achieving a suitable coverage-specificity tradeoff (compromise) is essential for developing granular models.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 1994

Drastic changes were observed in egg chamber during oogenesis of Aedes togoi immediately after blood meal. The egg chamber, in which the oocyte remains at previtellogenic stage before blood meal, shows very little change in size even for 3 days after emergence but increased 25 folds in volume within 60 hours after blood meal, presumably due to rapid yolk formation. Upto 6 hours after blood meal structures considered to be the precursor of the yolk granules were not observed in the space between follicle cells and oocyte. Vitelline bodies, which are similar to dense bodies secreted from follicle cells, appeared in the space at 10 hours after blood meal. Although vitelline bodies were fused to form vitelline layer, these bodies seem to contribute to the formation of yolk granules. Nurse cells are connected to oocytes by cytoplasmic bridge before blood meal, but the cells are absorbed into oocyte at 6 hours after blood meal.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-163
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• 1973

In order to observe the time of the first appearance of Bowie positive pepsinogen granules in the gland cells of the chicken proventriculus, histological examination was performed on the chicken embryo proventriculus at 7, 10, 14, 18, 19, 20 and 21 days postincubation. The first appearance of Bowie positive pepsinogen granules in the gland cells of the chicken proventriculus was at 21 days postincubation.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.397-412
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• 2011

Granular Computing has emerged as a unified and coherent framework of designing, processing, and interpretation of information granules. Information granules are formalized within various frameworks such as sets (interval mathematics), fuzzy sets, rough sets, shadowed sets, probabilities (probability density functions), to name several the most visible approaches. In spite of the apparent diversity of the existing formalisms, there are some underlying commonalities articulated in terms of the fundamentals, algorithmic developments and ensuing application domains. In this study, we introduce two pivotal concepts: a principle of justifiable granularity and a method of an optimal information allocation where information granularity is regarded as an important design asset. We show that these two concepts are relevant to various formal setups of information granularity and offer constructs supporting the design of information granules and their processing. A suite of applied studies is focused on knowledge management in which case we identify several key categories of schemes present there.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2008

Cu/Fe/$Al_2O_3$ granules with various sizes have been prepared by a combination of sol-gel and oil drop method for the use in sulfur trioxide decomposition, a subcycle in thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle to split water in the hydrogen and oxygen. The size of composite granules have been mainly changed by the flow-rate of the gel mixture before dropping in the synthesis. The structural properties of the samples were comparable with granule size. In the reaction, the catalytic activity was enhanced by decreasing size in the entire reaction temperature ranges.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.52-60
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• 1994

The developing ovarian oocyte of Dendrolimus spectabilis has been studied by using electron microscopical techniques. After yolk formation the vitelline membrane was laid down in the intercellular space between the follicle cell and the oocyte. But before the vitelline membrane formation the granules with high electron density that the vitelline membrane precusor are observed in the follicle cell. At the late vitellogenesis stage these granules were transported into the intercellular space between the follicle cells and the oocyte. These granules fuse to each other and larger bodies which eventually produce the vitelline membrane. The vitelline membrane was distinguished into the light inner and dark outer membrane. Next the chorion was laid down. It was apparent that the chorion was laid down in the intercellular space immediately adjacent to the vitelline membrane, and that it was formed by the follicle cells only.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2009

Haemocyte characterization in the surf clam, Mectra veneriformis was carried out based on morphological, cytochemical, and phagocytic characteristics. The haemocytes were classified into two cell types, granulocytes and agranulocytes on the basis of presence of cytoplasmic granules. Granulocytes were then classified again into 2 types, large eosinophilic granulocytes and small eosinophilic granulocytes after staining with May-Grünwald Giemsa. In electron microscopy, both types of granulocytes contained electron-dense and electron-lucent cytoplasmic granules. Agranulocytes (hyalinocytes) were also divided into two cell types, large agranulocytes and small agranulocytes based on their sizes. Both cell types did not have granules in cytoplasm. Granulocyte and agranulocyte were negative for the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and $\beta$-glucuronidase but positive for phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase activities. Both types of haemocytes have phagocytic activity, with the exception of small agranulocyte, and granulocytes seemed more active in this respect than agranulocytes. This present study is the first study to characterize haemocytes of M. veneriformis.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1998

In relation to cold acclimation, this experiment was carried out to understand the changes of the cortical cells in the living barks of the mulberry during wintering period. The living barks of three mulberry varieties(Kaeryangppong, Shinilppong and Yongcheonppong) were sampled from December, 1995 to March, 1996. The result of this experiment was summarized as follows. The cortical cells in the living barks of the mulberry in December were filled with small vacuoles. Plastids and mitochondrias were located near the nucleus. At this time, almost all starch granules disappeared from the plastids. In January and February, mitochondria, palstids and microbodys of the cortical cell were observed. As increasing temperature from March, dictysomes and polysomes were sparse. Again, starch granules disappeared were observed in the plastids. From the above result. starch granules in plastide of the cortical cell of the mulberry disappeared during cold acclimation stage. After late January, Proplastid was observed in the cortical cell and the ultrastructures of cortical cell were actively changed.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to observe early morphological changes of luteal cells in Korean native cattle treated with prostaglandin F2$\alpha$. Twenty five gram of prostaglandin F2$\alpha$ was administrated per cow at 10 days after ovulation and luteal cells were removed 30, 60, 120 and 180 minites after administration. Morphological changes of each luteal cell was observed by electron microscope. the results obtained were summarized as followings: 1. Many electron-dense granules were observed in luteal cells obtained from control cow but those granules were decreased rapidly after 30 minutes of administration and no granules were obresved after 180 minutes of administration. 2. In control, the shape of mitochondria were begining to collapse from the time of 60 minutes after administration. After 180 minutes of administration, mitochondria were swelled extreamly. 3. Lipid droplets in luteal cell were increased in its size and number with the duration of time after administration. 4. Shape of smooth endoplasmic recticulum was vesicular and its dimension and number were increased according to time course after administration.