• 제목/요약/키워드: Granule-bound starch synthase 1 (GBSSI)

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Molecular Characterization of Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSSI) gene of Waxy Locus Mutants in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • Sohn, Seong-Han;Rhee, Yong;Hwang, Duk-Ju;Lee, Sok-Young;Lee, Jung-Ro;Lee, Yeon-Hee;Shin, Young-Seop;Jeung, Ji-Ung;Kim, Myung-Ki
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2010
  • Five mutants were investigated at the molecular level to determine the factors responsible for mutated endosperm types. They were classified as high (HA) or low amylose (LA) phenotypes based on the amylose content in endosperm. The five were previously produced from Ilpum and Shindongjin cultivar treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and gamma-ray irradiation, respectively. Analysis of the genomic structure and expression of Granule-bounded Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) genes revealed that mutants generally showed a higher incidence of nucleotide transition than transversion, and the $A:T{\rightarrow}G:C$ transition was particularly prevalent. The rates of nucleotide substitution in HA mutants were generally higher than those in the LA mutants, leading to higher substitutions of amino acid in the HA mutants. Neither nucleotide substitutions interfering with intron splicing or causing early termination of protein translation were found, nor any large-sized deletions or additions were found in all the mutants. In principle, amylose content can be regulated by three factors: internal alterations of GBSSI protein, the strength of gene expression, and other unknown external factors. Our results indicate that the endosperm mutants from Shindongjin arose from internal alterations of GBSSI proteins, which may be the result of amino acid substitutions. On the other hand, the Ilpum mutants might be principally caused by the alteration of gene expression level. Analysis of another three glutinous cultivars revealed that the major factor leading to glutinous phenotypes is the 23-bp duplicative motif (5'-ACGGGTTCCAGGGCCTCAAGCCC-3') commonly found in exon 2, which results in the premature termination of protein translation leading to the production of a non-functional GBSSI enzyme.

Granule-Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI): An Evolutionary Perspective and Haplotype Diversification in Rice Cultivars

  • Sang-Ho Chu;Gi Whan Baek;Yong-Jin Park
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.219-219
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    • 2022
  • Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), encoded by the waxy gene, is responsible for the accumulation of amylose during the development of starch granules in rice endosperm. Despite many findings on waxy alleles, the genetic diversity and evolutionary studies are still not fully explored regarding their functional effects. Comprehensive evolutionary analyses were performed to investigate the genetic variations and relatedness of the GBSSI gene in 374 rice accessions composed of 54 wild accessions and 320 bred cultivars (temperate japonica, tropical japonica, indica, aus, aromatic, and admixture). GBSS1 coding regions were analyzed from a VCF file retrieved from whole-genome resequencing data, and eight haplotypes were identified in the GBSSI coding region of 320 bred cultivars. The genetic diversity indices revealed the most negative Tajima's D value in the tropical-japonica, followed by the aus and temperate-japonica, while Tajima's D values in indica were positive, indicating balancing selection. Diversity reduction was noticed in temperate japonica (0.0003) compared to the highest one (wild, 0.0044), illustrating their higher genetic differentiation by FST-value (0.604). The most positive Tajima's D value was observed in indica (0.5224), indicating the GBSSI gene domestication signature under balancing selection. In contrast, the lowest and negative Tajima's D value was found in tropical japonica (-0.5291), which might have experienced a positive selection and purified due to the excess of rare alleles. Overall, our study offers insights into haplotype diversity and evolutionary fingerprints of GBSSI. It ako provides genomic information to increase the starch content of cooked rice.

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Allelic Variation of Glutenin, Granule-Bound Starch Synthase l and Puroindoline in Korean Wheat Cultivar

  • Park, Chul-Soo;Pena, Roberto J.;Baik, Byung-Kee;Kang, Chon-Sik;Heo, Hwa-Young;Cheong, Young-Keun;Woo, Sun-Hee
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제54권2호
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    • pp.181-191
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    • 2009
  • To investigate the genetic variation of high-and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (BMW-GS and LMW-GS), granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and puroindoline in 24 Korean wheat cultivars. At the BMW-GS compositions, three Glu-A1 alleles, five Glu-B1 alleles and three Glu-D1 alleles were identified. The high frequency of alleles at each locus was Glu-A1c allele (15 cultivars), Glu-B1b allele (16 cultivars) and Glu-D1f allele (16 cultivars). Four alleles were identified at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci and three at Glu-D3 locus and Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d and Glu-D3a were mainly found at each Glu-3 locus. Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3b or c (4 cultivars, respectively) and Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3a and Glu-A3c, Glu-B3d or h, Glu-D3a (3 cultivar, respectively) were predominantly found in Korean wheats. At the GBSS compositions, 2 waxy wheat cultivars, Shinmichal and Shinmichal1, showed null alleles on the Wx loci and other cultivars were wild type in GBSS compositions. At the puroindoline gene compositions, Korean wheat cultivars carried 3 genotypes, which 10 cultivars (41.7%) were Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a, 11 cultivars (45.8%) had Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1b and 3 cultivars (12.5%) carried Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1a. These genetic variations could present the information to improve flour and end-use quality in Korean wheat breeding programs.

GBSSI 유전자 3'UTR 영역의 발현 억제 dsRNAi 벡터를 이용한 아밀로스함량 조절 벼 개발 (Variation of Amylose Content Using dsRNAi Vector by Targeting 3'-UTR Region of GBSSI Gene in Rice)

  • 박향미;최만수;천아름;이정희;김명기;김연규;신동범;이장용;김율호
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.515-524
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 RNAi 기작을 이용하여 식미에 중요한 영향을 미치는 아밀로스 함량을 다양화하기 위해 GBSSI 유전자의 3'-UTR 부위를 targeting하여 dsRNA를 생성시킬 수 있는 운반체를 제작하고, 벼에 형질전환 하였다. 작성된 형질전환체들을 대상으로 $I_2$-KI 용액 반응과 아밀로스 함량을 분석한 결과, $I_2$-KI 용액에 대한 반응은 waxy 타입으로 나타났으나 아밀로스 함량은 찰벼와 저아밀로스 벼 사이에 해당되는 범위를 보였다. 원품종과 형질전환체 간의 아밀로펙틴 사슬 분포의 차이를 비교한 결과, 단쇄에 해당되는 A1과 B1 사슬의 분포는 감소한 반면, 중쇄에 해당되는 B2와 장쇄인 B3 사슬의 분포는 다소 증가하였으며, B3 사슬의 분포비율은 사용된 품종에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였다. 배유 단면의 전자현미경적 구조를 비교한 결과, 원품종에 비해 형질전환체의 전분립 크기가 작아지고 쪼개짐의 형태가 완만한 굴곡을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, RNAi 기술을 이용하여 다양한 아밀로스 함량이 조절된 형질전환 벼를 개발하기 위해서는 targeting 부위를 결정하는 것이 하나의 중요한 전략이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

RCP 8.5 시나리오에 따른 미래 기후조건에서 벼의 품질 및 전분 동화 특성 변화 (The change of grain quality and starch assimilation of rice under future climate conditions according to RCP 8.5 scenario)

  • 상완규;조현숙;김준환;신평;백재경;이윤호;조정일;서명철
    • 한국농림기상학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.296-304
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 기후변화에 따른 쌀 품질 저하 요인을 기상 환경과 종실 전분 대사 기능면에서 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위해 활용한 옥외환경조절시설(SPAR)은 대형 토양상에서 온도와 $CO_2$ 동시 처리가 가능한 시설로서 최대한 포장 수준에 가까운 조건에서 미래 기후에 대한 정밀한 환경영향평가를 가능하게 해준다. 2001~2010년 전주 지역 현재 기후 기준 RCP 8.5 시나리오에 따른 2051~2060년 가상 기후조건에서 직접 재배 시험을 한 결과 미래 기후 조건에서는 벼 생육 및 노화가 급격하게 촉진되어 출수기가 현재 대비 5일 이상 빨라지는 등 생육기간이 단축될 뿐 아니라 이로 인해 고온 등숙 환경에 노출될 위험성이 크게 높아지게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 이로 인해 벼 수량 뿐 아니라 품질 또한 크게 저하되었는데 미래에는 정상립 비율은 현저히 저하된 반면 불완전립 특히 미숙립이 크게 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 고온 등숙에 의한 전분 합성 관련 유전자들의 발현감소 및 분해 관련 유전자들의 발현 증가 등 종실 체내 전분 전류 및 축적 양상이 크게 변화하여 나타난 것이다. 따라서 향후 안정적인 고품질 쌀 생산을 위해서는 고온 등숙 내성 벼 품종 개발 및 등숙기 고온 회피를 위한 재배법 개발 등의 방향으로 기후변화 적응 대책 관련 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.